跨文化交際 考試重點(diǎn)歸納

跨文化交際考試重點(diǎn)歸納跨文化交際考試重點(diǎn)歸納跨文化交際考試重點(diǎn)歸納跨文化交際考試重點(diǎn)歸納編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:題型：partI,TrueorFalse,30%（提醒學(xué)生在答題時(shí)要正確的畫(huà)A，錯(cuò)的畫(huà)B）15x2（除第八章）partII.MultipleChoices20%,20x1.(2,4,5細(xì)節(jié))PartIII.CulturalPuzzles10%(與課后習(xí)題中的cultrualpuzzles類(lèi)似，不過(guò)是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，范圍為課后習(xí)題中的culturalpuzzles和我們?cè)诿總€(gè)單元?jiǎng)澇龅闹攸c(diǎn)案例）5X2.PartIV.TermMatching15%（名詞解釋?zhuān)瑥膫溥x的terms中選擇與其對(duì)應(yīng)的definitions，要考到的terms都已經(jīng)發(fā)給大家）15x1.PartV.Short-Answer

Questions15%(簡(jiǎn)答題，范圍在我們劃過(guò)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)）5X3.PartVI.CaseStudy10%(課外案例分析，閱讀一個(gè)案例，回答三個(gè)小問(wèn)題，題目不會(huì)超出課內(nèi)講解的內(nèi)容）10x1.要補(bǔ)充的重點(diǎn)為p114,（E.DiscoverthemeaningofsomecommongesturesinEnglish),p129,(B.Whatarethecharacteristicsoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkrespectively)另外讓學(xué)生深入研究unit5和Unit2，Unit4(culturally-loadedwords)，以及每單元的重點(diǎn)案例，以及單元后面的練習(xí)A,B(劃過(guò)的問(wèn)答題）,C(EuphemismUnderstanding),以及E(culturalpuzzles)TermsUnit11.Economicglobalization:經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade,foreigndirectinvestment,capitalflows,migration,andthespreadoftechnology.2.Globalvillage:地球村Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications,especiallytheInternet.3.Meltingpot:大熔爐asocio-culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities.4.CulturalDiversity:文化多樣性themixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub-culturestowhichmembersbelong.5.Interculturalcommunication:跨文化交際communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.6.Culture:文化alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.7.Enculturation:文化適應(yīng)alltheactivitiesoflearningone’sculturearecalledenculturation.8.Acculturation:文化傳入theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures.9.Ethnocentrism:民族優(yōu)越感thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackgroundissuperior.Communication:交際tosharewithortomakecommon,asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts,hopes,andknowledge.（以下為componentsofcommunication)PS:whatisthedifferencebetweenencoding&decodingEncodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.Decodingistheprocessofassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.11.Source發(fā)送信息的人Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate.12.Encoding編碼Unfortunately(orperhapsfortunately),humansarenotabletosharethoughtsdirectly.Yourcommunicationisintheformofasymbolrepresentingtheideayoudesiretocommunicate.Encodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.13.Message信息Thetermmessageidentifiestheencodedthought.Encodingistheprocess,theverb;themessageistheresultingobject.14.Channel渠道Thetermchannelisusedtechnicallytorefertothemeansbywhichtheencodedmessageistransmitted.Thechannelormedium,then,maybeprint,electronic,orthelightandsoundwavesoftheface-to-facecommunication.15.Noise噪音Thetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortsthemessagethesourceencodes.16.Receiver接的人Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.17.Decoding解碼Decodingistheoppositeprocessofencodingandjustasmuchanactiveprocess.Thereceiverisactivelyinvolvedinthecommunicationprocessbyassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.18.Receiverresponse反饋Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.Receiverresponsereferstoanythingthereceiverdoesafterhavingattendedtoanddecodedthemessage.19.Feedback反饋Feedbackreferstothatportionofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning.20.Context語(yǔ)境Thefinalcomponentofcommunicationiscontext.Generally,contextcanbedefinedastheenvironmentinwhichthecommunicationtakesplaceandwhichhelpsdefinethecommunication.精講案例 Case1(p.1)case2(p.2)思考題whatarethefourtrendsthatleadtothedevelopmentoftheglobalvillageP8-9+簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明convenienttransportationsystemsinnovativecommunicationsystemseconomicglobalizationwidespreadmigrationsWhatarethethreeingredientsofculture?Artifacts(thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce)Behavior(whattheydo)Concept(whattheythink)Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?P7Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit,visible,taught.Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly.Whatarethecharacteristicofculture?Shared,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric(文化中心主義），Whatarethecharacteristicofcommunication?Dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematic,transactional,contextualUnit2-411.Pragmatics:語(yǔ)用學(xué)thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehavior.12.Semantics:語(yǔ)意thestudyofthemeaningofwords.13.Denotation:字面意思theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword---theexplicit,particular,definedmeaning.14.Connotation:弦外之音thesuggestivemeaningofaword---allthevalues,judgments,andbeliefsimpliedbyaword,thehistoricalandassociativeaccretionoftheunspokensignificancebehindtheliteralmeaning.15.Taboo:禁忌語(yǔ)someobjects,wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons.16.Euphemism:委婉語(yǔ)theactofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensive.精講案例Case1,case2(p.17)case4(p.19)Case2(p43)case3(p.45)Case1(p.67)case3(p.69)思考題6.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?(p.33)TheAmericanstendtoaddressonlywithgivennameswhiletheChinesemayusethefullname.EvenwhenthefullnamesareusedinsomeformaloccasionsbytheAmericans,thegivennameswouldbeplacedbeforethesurnamewhiletheChinesewoulddotheopposite.ChineseoftenextendkinshiptermstopeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriagewhiletheAmericansseldomdoso.TheChinesetendtoaddressthepeoplewithtitlesbutinEnglishonlyafewoccupationortitlescouldbeused.7.Whatarethesocialfunctionsofcompliments(p.60)(答案p50第一段)Complimentshaveaseriesofsocialfunctions:creatingorreinforcingsolidarity,greetingpeople,expressingthanksorcongratulations,encouragingpeople,softeningcriticism,startingaconversation,orevenovercomingembarrassment.Unit517.Chronemics:時(shí)間學(xué)Thestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.18.Monochronictime:一元時(shí)間概念payingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.19.Polychronictime:多元時(shí)間概念beinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.20.Proxemics:空間學(xué)theperceptionanduseofspace.21.Kinetics:身勢(shì)學(xué)thestudyofbodylanguage22.Paralanguage:輔助語(yǔ)言involvingsoundsbutnotwordsandlyingbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication.精講案例case1(p.85)case3(p.87)case5,6(p.90)case7(p.91)思考題8.WhatarethedifferentfeaturesofM-timeandP-time?(p97)M-timemeanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.M-timeisnotedforitsemphasisonschedules,segmentationandpromptness.Itfeaturesoneeventatatime.Timeisperceivedasalinearstructureandsomethingconcretetangible.P-timemeansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.P-timeislessrigidandclock-bound.Itfeaturesseveralactivitiesatthesametime.Itismoreflexibleandhuman-centered.9.whatisthemeaningofcommongesturesinEnglishP114(答案P233-234)

Unit6精講案例case1(p.115)case2(p.116)p.124-126中的小案例思考題9.Howisgenderdifferentfromsex?（p.129）(答案P.119/120)10.Whathasinfluencedthegendersocialization?Therearetwoprimaryinfluencesongendersocialization:familycommunication,particularlybetweenmothersandchildrenandrecreationalinteractionamongchildren.Whatarethesixprinciplesforeffectivecross-gendercommunication(p.129)(答案127-128)Suspendjudgement,recognizethevalidityofdifferentcommunicationstyles,providetranslationcues,enlargeyourowncommunicationstyle,suspendjudgement.whatarethecharacteristicsoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkrespectively?P123Unit7精講案例case1(p.137)case3(p.139)Discusstheconceptsofhighcontextcultureandlowcontextculture(p153)(結(jié)合最后一個(gè)單元中ppt的講解，了解high-contextculture和low-contextculture兩個(gè)概念)Ahigh-contextcommunicationormessageisoneinwhichmostoftheinformationisalreadyintheperson,whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpartofthemessage.Inhigh-contextcultures,verbalmessageshavelittlemeaningwithoutthesurroundingcontext,whichincludestheoverallrelationshipbetweenallthepeopleengagedincommunication.(沉默是金；一切盡在不言中；心有靈犀一點(diǎn)通)Alowcontextcommunicationisthejusttheopposite;i.e.themassoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.High-contextculturelow-contextcultureJapaneseChineseKoreanAmerican…………..GermanGerman-SwissUnit923.Aplanetaryculture:行星文化aculturethatintegrateseasternmysticismwithwesternscienceandrationalism.24.Interculturalperson:跨文化的人representssomeonewhosecognitive,affective,andbehavioralcharacteristicsarenotlimitedbutopentogrowthbeyondthepsychologicalparametersofhisorherownculture.思考題13.WhataretheAmerican/ChineseculturalvalueslikeintermsofCulturalOrientationputforwardbyKluckhohnandS