2022年河南大學(xué)英語考試真題卷18測

2022年河南大學(xué)英語考試真題卷（本卷共分為1大題50小題,作答時間為180分鐘,總分100分,60分及格。）單位: 姓名: 考號:題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分分值得分ー、單項選擇題（共50題,每題2分。每題的備選項中,只有一個最符合題意）1.Questions8and9arebasedonthefollowingnews.SimonyiheIpeddesignbothMicrosoftWordandExcelprogramsbeforeleavingtoformhisowncompanyin.1960198119932002Questions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews.ThreeBritishsoldierswerekilledin.thetankerattackafightinghappenedinaShiacityablasthappenedinal-AmarahthebattlewithShiagunmernIntheidiomningoodfeathernrwechange"good"into"high,full"withoutchangingmeaning.Thischangeofconstituentisknownas.additionreplacementposition-shiftingvariationAImostacenturyafterhisdeath,theweII-knownFrenchauthorJulesVernehasonceagainmanagedtofiretheimaginationofpeopIearoundtheworld,thistimewithanunpubIishednoveI,Parisinthe20thCentury.Themanuscript,compIetedin1863butlongIockedawayinasafe,wasuncoveredonlyin1989byVerne'sgreat-grandson,anditappearedinEnglishtranslationjustafewmonthsago.This19th-centuryvisionofthefuturedescribesIifeamongskyscrapersofglassandsteel,high-speedtrains,gas-poweredautomobiles,calculators,faxmachinesandaglobalcommunicationsnetwork.Theprescienceoftheseforecastsmatcheswhatonewouldhaveexpectedfromtheauthorwhointroducedcountlessreadersofhisagetoahostoftechnologicalmarvels,fromsubmarinestoheIicoptersandspacecraft.Butinfact,Parisinthe20thCenturyisatragedy.ItdescribestheIifeofanidealisticyoungmanwhostrugglestofindhappinessinthefiercelymaterialisticdystopiathatParishasbecomeby1920.LikeGeorgeOrwelI's1984,Verne'snoveIisagrimandtroublingcommentonthehumancostsoftechnologicalprogress.ThatsuchamessageshouIdcomefromJulesVerneprovessurprisingtomany.MostpeopIe—particularlyinAmerica-assumethatVernewroteaboutthewondersoftechnoIogybecausehewashimselfanoptimisticscientist.ManyalsobeIieveVernewroteprimarilyforchiIdren,craftingnoveIsthatwereinvariablyexcitingbutinteIIectua11yshaIIow.ThesemisconceptionsshowhowVerne'scurrentstatushascompIeteIyshadowedthereaIityofhisIifeandwritings.Theyarepartofthecontinuingmisunderstandingofthisauthor,aresultofsomeseverelyabridgedtranslationsandsimpIifiedadaptationsforHo11ywoodcinema.Intruth,Vernewasneitherascientistnoranengineer:hewassimplyawriter-andaveryprolificone.OverhisIifetime,Verneproducedmorethan2novels.Yethisworkswerecarefullygroundedinfact,andhisbooksinspiredmanyleadingscientists,engineers,inventorsandexplorers,includingWiIIiamBeebe(thecreatorandpilotofthefirstbathysphere),AdmiralRichardByrd(apioneerexplorerofAntarctica),YuriGagarin(thefirsthumantoflyinspace)andNelIArmstrong(thefirstastronauttowalkonthemoon).Verne'snoveIswerethusprofoundlyinfIuentiaIyandperhapsuniquelyso.AIthoughnoveIswithscientificfoundationhadbeenwrittenbefore,Verneraisedthetechniqueofscientificdescriptiontoafineart.Andthistypeofsciencefiction,basedonaccuratedescriptionsofscienceandtechnology,hastendedtodominatethetrendeversinee.ButVerne'sdevotiontotechnicaIdetaiIdoesnotrefIectanconfidenceinthevirtuesofscience.Indeed,hisearIiestwritings-amixtureofplays,essaysandshortstories-weredistinetIycriticalofscienceandtechnology.ItwasonlythestrictmonitorofhispubIisher,Pierre-JulesHetzeI,thatsteeredVernetowardwhateventuallymadehimfamous:fast-pacedadventuretalesheavilyflavoredwithscientificlessonsandanoptimisticideoIogy.AndaIthoughhisownattitudewasquitedifferent,VerneofferedIittIeresistancetoHetzeI.Afterthereleaseofhisinitialbookin1863,thefirstinaseriesofnoveIspubIishedunderthebanner"ExtraordinaryVoyages:VoyagesinKnownandUnknownWorIds",VerneexpIainedtohisfriendsattheParisstockmarket(wherehehadbeenworkingpart-timetomakeendsmeet)abouthisaccompIishment."MyfriendsI'vejustwrittenanovelinanewstyle...Ifitsucceeds,itwi11beagoldmine."Hewasright. UnderHetzeI'scontinuaIguidance,Vernecreatedonenovelafteranother,eachfundamentaIIyofthissametype.ButmostoftheworkspubIishedafterHetzel'sdeathin1886showVernereturningtohisoriginalthemeschampioningenvironmentalism,anticapitaIismandsociaIresponsibiIitywhiIequestioningthebenefitsthatscienceandtechnologycouldbringtoanimperfectworId.TounderstandhowVerne'slaterwritingscoulddiffersocompIeteIhesentence"Intruth,Vernewasneitherascientistnoranengineer:hewassimplyawriterandaveryprolificone.",theword"prolific”probablymeans.primitivediligentrichfruitful5.Onlyrecentlyhasb!〇Iogybeguntoseeitselfasaninformationtechnology.Anorganism'sphysiologyandbehavioraredictatedlargelybyitsgenes.Andthosegenescontaininformationwrittenincodethatissurprisinglysimilartothedigitalcodethatcomputerscientistshavedevisedforthestorageandtransmissionofotherinformation.Therearesomedifferences,ofCourse.Thegeneticcodehasfourelements(knownasbasesorletters)rwhileacomputer'sbinarycodehasonlytwo.Andthebasesofgeneticcodearegroupedtogetherinthreesratherthanintheeight-bitbytesofcomputing.Butthesimilaritiesaresostrikingthatb!〇Iogyissuddenlyundergoingaseriousamountofcomputerization.Atthesametime,therehasbeenrapidprogressinthemachinesthatsuppIytherawmaterialforthecomputer-thesequencesofgeneticbasestobeanalyzed.Asinglegene-sequencingmachinecannowreadhundredsofthousandsofbasesperday;andnewertechnologies,suchas"genechips",shouldproduceevenmoredatatobestoredandannotatedforsubsequentstudy.Theresultisamind-bogglingamountofinformation.Ageneticslaboratorycaneasilyproduce100gigabytesofdataaday-thatisabout20,000timesthevoIumeofdatainthecompIeteworksofShakespeareorJ.S.Bach.TheanalysisofsuchdataposesproblemsbeyondmerevoIumecontrol.ComputerprogramsmustanalyzewhatconstitutesabiologicallymeaningfuIrelationshipbetweenanewlydiscoveredsequenceofDNAandexistingsequencesstoredinacentraldatabase.Programmingacomputerforsuchtasksrequiresbothextensiveknowledgeofcomputingtheoryandakeenbiologicalintuition.Andthere'stherub.ThereaIproblemaboutthegrowingquantificationofb!〇Iogyisnotthechangeinthesubjectbutthelackofchangeinitspractitioners.Forasuddeninpouringofdataisnotuniquetob!〇Iogy.Astronomersmustnowdealwithsqui11ionsofbitsofdatafromautomaticskysurveys;particlephysicistswouldnothavethefirstideaofwhatwasgoingonintheirmachinesiftheresultsoftheirexperimentswerenotprocessedautomaticaIly.Yetneitherofthesefieldsseemstobesufferingundulyfrominformationoverloadbecausethephysicalsciencesarefoundedonnumbercrunching.Manybiologists,however,avoidedthefieldsofastronomyorparticlephysicsbecausetheyhave,inthedeIicateIychosenwordsofSylviaSpengleroftheCenterforBioinformaticsandComputationaIGenomicsinCalifornia,"someproblemwithmathematics.MTheresultisthatthereisadesperateshortageofspecialistscapableofdevelopingthetoolsthatbiologistsneed.WhatisrequiredisgenuineIynewkindofscientistwhoistrainedbothincomputerscienceandbiology.ItusedtobesaidthatthephysicistsgotaIItheresearchmoney.Now,however,itisthebiologists'budgetsthataregrowing.Butthereisaprice.Asb!〇Iogybecomesnumericallyrigorous,itspractitionershavenochoicebuttodothesame.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthecentralproblemfacingbiologicalresearcherstodayAshortageofresearchfunds.Areluctancetoacquireadvancedmathematicalskills.Aninsufficientknowledgeofcomputerlanguages.Anunwillingnesstoworkcooperativelywithmathematicians.6.KidnappingsaroundtheworIdhavetypicallyhadoneoftwomajorgoaIs:pubIicityforalocalpoliticalcauseorasaformof"fund-raising"forthekidnappers.RecentIy,kidnappingsforpoliticalreasonshavebeenonthedecrease,whereaskidnappingforprofithasseenadramaticincrease.AprimeexampIeofthistrendisinColombia.CoIombiaisconsideredtobethekidnappingcapitaloftheworId,withrivalguerriliaandparamiIitarygroupsconsistentIyabductingciviIiansincludingbusinessmen,touristsandaidworkers.Theransommoneyobtainedfromtheseactivitiesisusedprimarilytofinancea37-yearcivilwarinCoIombia.TheU.S.StateDepartmentestimatesthatmorethan3,000peopIearekidnappedinCoIombiaeachyear.MostkidnapvictimsareCoIombianswhoareeitherwealthyorwhocanatleastcomeupwithafewthousanddollars.Althoughthekidnappingsaremostoftenperformedbypoliticaldissidents,themotivationforthekidnappingsisusuallymoney,notpolitics.CoIombiaisnottheonlycountrytobepIaguedwiththisincreaseinkidnappingsforprofit.RansomkidnappingsarebecomingmorecommoninMexico,CentralAmerica,BraziI,Chechnya,thePhiIippines,Haiti,andmanyotherdevelopingcountriesthroughouttheworld.AlthoughmanykidnappingsarepoliticaIlymotivated,agrowingnumberaresimplyfund-raisingexercisesbyguerriIlasorcommoncriminals.Forexample,whenanewrebelgroup,thePopuIarRevoIutionaryArmy,surfacedinMexicoin1996,expertsconeIudedthatthegroupfinanceditselfthroughkidnappingscarriedoutovertheprevioustwoyears.OneofthecausesoftheworIdwideincreaseinkidnappingsforprofitisthatbillionsofdollarsinforeigninvestmenthasonlymarginallyassistedthepoorthroughouttheThirdWorld.Thishascreatedagrowingresentmentoftheeliteswhohavehoardedmuchofthewealth.Therefore,oftenkidnappingsforprofitthroughouttheThirdWorldareabacklashbythepooragainsttheelites,inanattempttoeventhescorebyobtainingsomeoftheirmoney.Moreover,thereisanincreasingriskofkidnappingfortouristsandexpatriateexecutivesthroughouttheworId.ThisisparticularlysoforAmericans,whoareperceivedasrichevenwhentheyarenot.Theirsubstantialnumbers-3.2millionIivingoverseasand50milliontraveling'internationallyeachyear-haveleftAmericansmoreatriskthancitizensofothercountries.Inmanycountries,thekidnappingofbusinesspeople,especiallyAmericanexecutivesandmid-1eveImanagers,aswe11astouristshasbecomeathrivingbusiness.Forexample,duringthelastseveralyears,theFARCandELN,twoCoIombianterroristgroups,haveextortedmorethan$632millionfromforeigncompaniesandindividuals.Infact,theproblemofkidnappinghasbecomesobadinternationallythatseveralinsuranceandsecuritycompaniesareofferingeitherinternationalkidnappinginsuranceor,atleast,detaiIedinstructionsonhowtoavoidakidnapping.Thistoohasbecomeathrivingbusiness.According.toFieldingWorIdwide,Inc.,atypicaIKRE(Kidnap,RansomandExtortion)insurancepolicyhasa$1mi11ionIimit.AnannualpolicywouldcostbetweenUS$7,000inBraziIoruptoamaximumofUS$26,000inCoIombia-thisisanincrediblecost.CorporationsusuallybuyblanketpoliciesthatcoveralIemployees,butoftenbusinessisintertwinedwithextendedfamilyfromgrandparentsdowntograndchiIdren.Therefore,oftentheentirefamiIymustbeincludedinthepolicytoensuremaximumcoverage.SincekidnappersareawareoftheseKREpolicies,theinsurancepolicieshaveinadvertentlycreatedawayforthemtomakeevenmoremoneythaniftheyweretokidnapatypicaImanoffthestreet.So,isitnecessarytoobtainoneofthesepoliciesSei11in&Company(aKREinsuranceprovider)beIievesthatyouwouldbe"crazy"todobusinessinLatinAmericawithoutUS$5-$10mi11ioninKREcoveragesince,forexample,inCoIombiaaransomlessthanamillionisconsideredajoke.UnlessyourfamiIycanaffordthispricetag,aKREpolicywiIIprovidepaymentifyouhappentobekidnapped.Consequently,kidnappreventionandhostage-releaseservicesaregrowthenterprisesandmoreandmoreKREpoliciesarebeingwrittenaIIthetime.Ontheothersideofthisenterprisearethekidnappers.TheyareskilledprofessionalswhoareexperiencedinsurveiIlancetechniques,communications,logisticsandcommandcontrol,asweIIasweaponry.Thekidnapperscontinuethekidnappingbecausetheyknowthatfrequentlyitisaninsurancecompanywhowi11payout-andpayoutbig.Asaresult,thereisaknownrangewithinwhichtheeventualpricewiIIbeagreedupon,dependingonthecaliberoftheexecutive,hisorhercountryoforiginandthetypeofkidnapper.Thus,eveniftheinitialcounter-offerisfarbelowtheinitialdemand,kidnappersknowitispartofthe"business"tokeepA.thekidnappersconsideritapleasuretodoharmtothevictimsB.somerebelgroupsfinancedthemselvesthroughkidnappingforeigncountrieshaveinvestedlittleintheThirdWorldthekidnappersknowthatfrequentlyaninsurancecompanywillpayoutbigforthehostagesQuestions1to5arebasedonaninterview.AccordingtotheconversationwhenarealIthebigshopsclosedA.Onweekend.OnSunday.Onworkday.OnSaturday.8.TheproposaIofasinglesix-yeartermforthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshasbeenaroundforalongtime.High-mindedpeopIehaveurgeditfromthebeginningoftheRepubIic.TheConstitutionaIConventionturneditdownin1787,andrecurrenteffortstoputitintheConstitutionhaveregularlyfailedinthetwocenturiessince.Quiteright:itisaterribleideaforanumberofreasonsamongthemthatitisatwarwiththephilosophyofdemocracy.Thebasicargumentfortheone-term,six-yearpresidencyisthatthequestforreelectionisattheheartofourproblemswithself-government.Thedesireforreelection,itisclaimed,drivesPresidentstodothingstheywouldnototherwisedo.ItIeadsthemtomakeeasypromisesandtopostponeharddecisions.Asinglesix-yeartermwouldIiberatepresidentsfromthepressuresandtemptationsofpolitics.Insteadofworryingaboutreelection,theywouldbefreetodoonlywhatwasbestforthecountry.Theargumentissuperficiallyattractive.Butwhenyouthinkaboutit,itisprofoundlyantidemocraticinitsimpIications.ItassumesPresidentsknowbetterthananyoneelsewhatisbestforthecountryandthatthepeopIearesowrongheadedandignorantthatPresidentsshouldbeencouragedtodisregardtheirwishes.ItassumesthatthelessresponsiveaPresidentistopopulardesiresandneeds,thebetterPresidentheorshewi11be.11assumesthatthedemocraticprocessistheobstacIetowisedecisions.ThetheoryofAmericandemocracyisquitetheopposite.Itisthatthegive-and-takeofthedemocraticprocessisthebestsourceofwisedecisions.ItisthatthePresident,sdutyisnottoignoreandoverridepopularconcernsbuttoacknowledgeandheedthem.Itis“thatthePresident,saccountabiIitytothepopularwi11isthebestguaranteethatheorshewi11doagoodjob.Theone-termIimitation,asGouverneurMorris,finaldraftsmanoftheConstitution,persuadedtheconvention,would"destroythegreatmotivetogoodbehavior,Hwhichisthehopeofreelection.APresident,said01iveElIsworth,anotherFoundingFather,"shouldbereelectedifhisconductproveworthyofit.AndhewillbemoreIikeIytorenderhimselfworthyofitifheberewardablewithit."Thebanonreelectionhasotherperverseconsequences.ForbiddingaPresidenttorunagain,GouverneurMorrissaid,is"asmuchastosaythatweshouldgivehimthebenefitofexperience,andthendepriveourselvesofuseofit."GeorgeWashingtonstoutIyopposedtheidea."Icanseenopropriety,"hewrote,"inprecludingourseIvesfromtheserviceofanyman,whoonsomegreatemergencyshalIbedeemeduniversallymostcapableofservingthepubIic."Asinglesix-yeartermwouldreleasePresidentsfromthetestofsubmittingtheirrecordstothevoters.Itwouldbeanimpeachmentofthedemocraticprocessitself.TheFoundingFatherswereeverlastinglyrightwhentheyturneddownthisweIl-intentionedbutiII-consideredproposal200yearsago.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainargumentforaone-term,six-yearpresidencyItwouldlessencorruptionatthepresidentiallevel.Itwouldresultinamoredemocraticallyelectedgovernment.Itwouldreducetheroleofpoliticalcalculationsinpresidentialdecisions.ItwouldpromoteapresidencymoreresponsivetothewillofthepeoplTheChamberlain5sMen,inShakespeare9stime,werearemarkablegroupofpeopIe-exceIIentwhowerealsobusinesspartnersandclosepersonalfriends.actorsstudentsteacherswritersAImostacenturyafterhisdeath,theweII-knownFrenchauthorJulesVernehasonceagainmanagedtofiretheimaginationofpeopIearoundtheworld,thistimewithanunpubIishednoveI,Parisinthe20thCentury.Themanuscript,compIetedin1863butlongIockedawayinasafe,wasuncoveredonlyin1989byVerne'sgreat-grandson,anditappearedinEnglishtranslationjustafewmonthsago.This19th-centuryvisionofthefuturedescribesIifeamongskyscrapersofglassandsteel,high-speedtrains,gas-poweredautomobiles,calculators,faxmachinesandaglobalcommunicationsnetwork.Theprescienceoftheseforecastsmatcheswhatonewouldhaveexpectedfromtheauthorwhointroducedcountlessreadersofhisagetoahostoftechnologicalmarvels,fromsubmarinestoheIicoptersandspacecraft.Butinfact,Parisinthe20thCenturyisatragedy.ItdescribestheIifeofanidealisticyoungmanwhostrugglestofindhappinessinthefiercelymaterialisticdystopiathatParishasbecomeby1920.LikeGeorgeOrwelI's1984,Verne'snoveIisagrimandtroublingcommentonthehumancostsoftechnologicalprogress.ThatsuchamessageshouIdcomefromJulesVerneprovessurprisingtomany.MostpeopIe—particularlyinAmerica-assumethatVernewroteaboutthewondersoftechnoIogybecausehewashimselfanoptimisticscientist.ManyalsobeIieveVernewroteprimarilyforchiIdren,craftingnoveIsthatwereinvariablyexcitingbutinteIIectua11yshaIIow.ThesemisconceptionsshowhowVerne'scurrentstatushascompIeteIyshadowedthereaIityofhisIifeandwritings.Theyarepartofthecontinuingmisunderstandingofthisauthor,aresultofsomeseverelyabridgedtranslationsandsimpIifiedadaptationsforHo11ywoodcinema.Intruth,Vernewasneitherascientistnoranengineer:hewassimplyawriter-andaveryprolificone.OverhisIifetime,Verneproducedmorethan2novels.Yethisworkswerecarefullygroundedinfact,andhisbooksinspiredmanyleadingscientists,engineers,inventorsandexplorers,includingWiIIiamBeebe(thecreatorandpilotofthefirstbathysphere),AdmiralRichardByrd(apioneerexplorerofAntarctica),YuriGagarin(thefirsthumantoflyinspace)andNelIArmstrong(thefirstastronauttowalkonthemoon).Verne'snoveIswerethusprofoundlyinfIuentiaIyandperhapsuniquelyso.AIthoughnoveIswithscientificfoundationhadbeenwrittenbefore,Verneraisedthetechniqueofscientificdescriptiontoafineart.Andthistypeofsciencefiction,basedonaccuratedescriptionsofscienceandtechnology,hastendedtodominatethetrendeversince.ButVerne'sdevotiontotechnicaIdetaiIdoesnotrefIectanconfidenceinthevirtuesofscience.Indeed,hisearIiestwritings-amixtureofplays,essaysandshortstories-weredistinetIycriticalofscienceandtechnology.ItwasonlythestrictmonitorofhispubIisher,Pierre-JulesHetzeI,thatsteeredVernetowardwhateventuallymadehimfamous:fast-pacedadventuretalesheavilyflavoredwithscientificlessonsandanoptimisticideoIogy.AndaIthoughhisownattitudewasquitedifferent,VerneofferedIittIeresistancetoHetzeI.Afterthereleaseofhisinitialbookin1863,thefirstinaseriesofnoveIspubIishedunderthebanner"ExtraordinaryVoyages:VoyagesinKnownandUnknownWorIds",VerneexpIainedtohisfrlendsattheParisstockmarket(wherehehadbeenworkingpart-timetomakeendsmeet)abouthisaccompIishment."MyfriendsI'vejustwrittenanovelinanewstyle...Ifitsucceeds,itwi11beagoldmine."Hewasright. UnderHetzeI'scontinuaIguidance,Vernecreatedonenovelafteranother,eachfundamentallyofthissametype.ButmostoftheworkspubIishedafterHetzel'sdeathin1886showVernereturningtohisoriginalthemeschampioningenvironmentalism,anticapitaIismandsociaIresponsibiIitywhiIequestioningthebenefitsthatscienceandtechnologycouldbringtoanimperfectworId.TounderstandhowVerne'slaterwritingscoulddiffersocompIeteIyfrompopularimageofhimrequiresacloserunderstandingofthemanandhistimes.ThroughwhatkindofnoveIsdidVernemakehimselfsuccessFast-pacedadventuretalesheavilyflavoredwithscientificlessonsandanoptimisticideology.Tomixfuturisticnarrativeswithdetailed,plausibledescriptionsofnewtechnology.ThroughnovelssuchasJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth(1864；translated1874)andAroundtheWorldin80Days(1873；translated1874).D,Bright,entertainingadventurestoriesthatcelebratedthepossibilitiesoftechnology.TheU.S.isknownasagreatMmeltingpotMbecause.theweatherinmostpartoflandishotthelandhasseveralfamousvolcanoesitspeopleareofdifferentnationalitiesfromallovertheworldD.itspeopleareveryfriendlyTheproposalofasinglesix-yeartermforthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshasbeenaroundforalongtime.High-mindedpeopIehaveurgeditfromthebeginningoftheRepubIic.TheConstitutionaIConventionturneditdownin1787,andrecurrenteffortstoputitintheConstitutionhaveregularlyfailedinthetwocenturiessince.Quiteright:itisaterribleideaforanumberofreasonsamongthemthatitisatwarwiththephilosophyofdemocracy.Thebasicargumentfortheone-term,six-yearpresidencyisthatthequestforreelectionisattheheartofourproblemswithself-government.Thedesireforreelection,itisclaimed,drivesPresidentstodothingstheywouldnototherwisedo.ItIeadsthemtomakeeasypromisesandtopostponeharddecisions.Asinglesix-yeartermwouldIiberatepresidentsfromthepressuresandtemptationsofpolitics.InsteadofworryingaboutreeIection,theywouIdbefreetodoonlywhatwasbestforthecountry.Theargumentissuperficiallyattractive.Butwhenyouthinkaboutit,itisprofoundlyantidemocraticinitsimpIications.ItassumesPresidentsknowbetterthananyoneelsewhatisbestforthecountryandthatthepeopIearesowrongheadedandignorantthatPresidentsshouldbeencouragedtodisregardtheirwishes.ItassumesthatthelessresponsiveaPresidentistopopulardesiresandneeds,thebetterPresidentheorshewi11be.ItassumesthatthedemocraticprocessistheobstacIetowisedecisions.ThetheoryofAmericandemocracyisquitetheopposite.Itisthatthegive-and-takeofthedemocraticprocessisthebestsourceofwisedecisions.ItisthatthePresident1sdutyisnottoignoreandoverridepopularconcernsbuttoacknowledgeandheedthem.Itis"thatthePresident,saccountabiIitytothepopularwi11isthebestguaranteethatheorshewiIIdoagoodjob.Theone-termIimitation,asGouverneurMorris,finaldraftsmanoftheConstitution,persuadedtheconvention,would"destroythegreatmotivetogoodbehavior,"whichisthehopeofreelection.APresident,said01iveElIsworth,anotherFoundingFather,"shouldbereelectedifhisconductproveworthyofit.AndhewillbemoreIikeIytorenderhimselfworthyofitifheberewardablewithit."Thebanonreelectionhasotherperverseconsequences.ForbiddingaPresidenttorunagain,GouverneurMorrissaid,is"asmuchastosaythatweshouldgivehimthebenefitofexperience,andthendepriveourselvesofuseofit."GeorgeWashingtonstoutIyopposedtheidea."Icanseenopropriety,"hewrote,"inprecludingourseIvesfromtheserviceofanyman,whoonsomegreatemergencyshalIbedeemeduniversallymostcapableofservingthepubIic.nAsinglesix-yeartermwouldreleasePresidentsfromthetestofsubmittingtheirrecordstothevoters.Itwouldbeanimpeachmentofthedemocraticprocessitself.TheFoundingFatherswereeverlastinglyrightwhentheyturneddownthisweIl-intentionedbutiII-consideredproposal200yearsago.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatasix-yearpresidencyisantidemocraticA.ItwouldresultinaPresidentlessresponsivetothewillofthepeople.B.ItwouldleavenowayofremovinganunpopularPresidentfrompower.C.Itwouldunderminetime-testedelectoralprocedures.D.ItwouldgiveanunfairadvantagetooneportionoftheelectoralKidnappingsaroundtheworldhavetypicaIIyhadoneoftwomajorgoaIs:pubIicityforalocalpoliticalcauseorasaformof"fund-raising"forthekidnappers.RecentIy,kidnappingsforpoliticalreasonshavebeenonthedecrease,whereaskidnappingforprofithasseenadramaticincrease.AprimeexampIeofthistrendisinColombia.CoIombiaisconsideredtobethekidnappingcapitaloftheworId,withrivalguerriIlaandparamiIitarygroupsconsistentIyabductingciviIiansincludingbusinessmen,touristsandaidworkers.Theransommoneyobtainedfromtheseactivitiesisusedprimarilytofinancea37-yearcivilwarinCoIombia.TheU.S.StateDepartmentestimatesthatmorethan3,000peopIearekidnappedinCoIombiaeachyear.MostkidnapvictimsareColombianswhoareeitherwealthyorwhocanatleastcomeupwithafewthousanddollars.Althoughthekidnappingsaremostoftenperformed