翻譯寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)班講義

翻譯寫(xiě)作導(dǎo)翻譯寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)一、翻譯簡(jiǎn)介（一）大綱《全日制翻譯專業(yè) 翻譯專業(yè) 教育指導(dǎo)編外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究（外研社）京2：，外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)；2：外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)，中山大學(xué)；2：湖南師范大學(xué)，中南大學(xué)；1：大學(xué)；福建1：廈門(mén)大學(xué)；重慶1：西南大學(xué)。（三）第二批試點(diǎn)教學(xué)單位：2：大學(xué)，華中師范大學(xué)；1：湖南大學(xué)；福建1：福建師范大學(xué)；黑龍江1：黑龍江大學(xué)；1：大學(xué)；二、翻譯英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：（一）攻克詞匯：6月30日之（二）精研：11月30日之（三）適當(dāng)?？迹?21日-1月三、四大必考話題之一：教育文十大必背范文之一：廈門(mén)大學(xué)2010：（30AsacandidatefortheMaster'sDegreeprogramintranslation,whatdoyouthinkaprofessionaltranslatorshouldbeequippedwithinordertobridgelanguagesandculturesinyourfuturecareer?Writedownyourthoughtsinanessayof400words.Supplyatitleforyouressay．Markswillbeawardedforcontent, grammarandappropriateness．ToBeaProfessional第一段：Alotofpeoplebelievethattranslationisjusttakingtextsandsubstitutingthemintootherlanguages．However．thisisnotusuallythecase．AsacandidatefortheMaster'sDegreeprogramintranslation．Ithinkinorderto eagoodprofessionaltranslator，oneneedstoknowskillandexperienceinordertomakethe ysisofthemeaninginthe language，andhaveadeepunderstandinginnativelanguages，aswellasculturaldifferences．（修飾可數(shù)名詞agoodmany,agreatmany,alargenumberofagreatdeal stepisextensivereadingofdifferenttranslationsofdifferentkindsoftexts，sincetranslatingrequiresactiveknowledge，while yzingandevaluatingdifferenttranslationsrequirespassiveknowledge．Therefore,receptiveskills（接受技s,theirpassiveknowledge，studentswilleventuallyimprovetheiractiveknowledge．Receptiveskillsimprovethestudents'languageintuition（語(yǔ)言本能）andmakethemreadyforactualtranslating.Weshouldreaddifferentgenresinbothsource languages（源語(yǔ)與譯語(yǔ)）includingmodernliterature，contemporary rs，magazines，advertisements，announcements，instructions,etc.culture-specific（文化特有的）aspectsofalanguage．Specializedreadingsarealsosuggested：readingrecentlypublishedarticlesandjournalsontheoreticalandpracticalaspectsoftranslation．Thearticleswillnotonlyimprovethestudents'readingskillingeneral，butalsogivetheminsightswhichwillsubconsciouslybeappliedwhenactuallytranslating．a(chǎn)cordinlyetc.=andis,重要的important/vital/essential/crucial/significant）第三段：Secondly,writingskills，whichistheabilitytowritesmoothlyandcorrectlyinbothsourceand languages，arealsoimportant．Writingisinfactthemainjobofatranslator．Weshould efamiliarwithdifferentstylesofwritingandtechniquesandprinciplesofeditingandpunctuation（標(biāo)點(diǎn)）inbothsourceandlanguages．Editingandpunctuationimprovethequalityandreadabilityofthe第四段：Besidesclassroomeducation，linguistictrainingandstudyingabroad，you'regoingtoneedso lsandresourcesforyourlanguageandtranslations．a(chǎn)ndforemost,you'llneedacomputerwithInternetconnection．And,ifyou'retravelingabroadyoumightwanttopurchaseanInternetcardsoyouwillalwayshavetheoptionofgoingonline．You'llalsoneedtopurchasewordprocessingsoftware，a ephone，answeringmachine（）andfaxmachine．Otherresourcesincludedictionariesandtranslationmemorysoftware．Thesetoolscanbequiteexpensivebutwillbeworththeinvestmentinthelongrun．第五段：Tosumup，to eagoodtranslator，itisnotsomethingthatcanhappenovernight．Alotoftraining，learning，andexperienceareneededtoturnsomeoneintoagoodtranslator．Whenengagingtranslatorsforyourwork，besuretobriefin（onmisunderstandingandmaketheprocessmoreefficient．十大必背范文之二：Pleasewriteanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:TranslationandInterpretingintheGlobalAge.第一段：Withtherapiddevelopmentofthedomesticeconomy，exchangesbetweenChinaandothereconomies emoreandmorefrequenteveryday．VariousinternationalconferencesarebeingheldinmanyChineseprovincesandcities，thusthebigcities，thedemandgapoftranslationindustryknownas"goldenricebowl"，isinglargerinthetalentmarket．Ithas easunrisingindustryinChina．Althoughtheindustryitselfstillhasmanyproblems，itdemonstratesmanynew第二段：Thewholeworldisglobalizing，soisthetranslationindustry．Thebusinessisinginternationaland alizedatthesametime．Moreandmoretranslationcompaniesandinterpretingservicefirmswillfocusontheglobaltranslationmarket．Andaccordingtooneorseveralspecific markets，thecompaniesaregoingtodesignappropriate alizedproducts．Forexample，differentcountrieswillreceivedifferenttranslatingandinterpretingservices.Moretranslatorsandinterpreterswillaltertheirwayofusingwords，idiomsandphrasesaccordingtobackgrundsThu第三段：Furthermore，thosecompaniesandfirmswillderivemoreandmorerelatedservicesfortheirclients，suchasprovidingtouristguidingserviceandpublishingthetranslatedbooks．Inthiswaytranslationservicecanobtaingreaterprofitmargins（利潤(rùn)率）notonlybyprovidinghighqualitytranslationservices，butalsobyprovidingrelatedservicestocustomers．Thecompanywillbemoreintegral（完整）andcomplex．Thatistheblueprint（藍(lán)圖、計(jì)劃）ofmanytranslationcompaniesandinterpretingservicefirms．第四段：What'smore,translationwillbecombinedwithhigh-technologyinthefutureCutting-edge（phoneticdeviceshelfilter（除去、過(guò)濾）theaccentswillbeusedintheinterpretingprocess，addingthesuccessofunderstanding．Theprocessoftranslatingwill mucheasier．第五段：Withthepromisingfutureoftranslationandinterpretation，studentsinmountingnumbersmakeuptheirmindtobeamemberofthisexcellentgroupandIamoneofthem．Ibelievetheindustrywilldeveloptowardsthebrightestangle．十大必背范文之三：大學(xué)2010：考試（廣外2010教育）（30Writeanessayofabout400wordstocommentontheveryshortstorybelow:FailedSAT.Lostscholarship.Inventedrocket.—WilliamShatnerOn第一段：Hemingwayoncewroteastoryinjustsixwords("Forsale:babyshoes,neverworn.")andissaidtohavecalledithisbestwork.AfamousCanadianactor,WilliamShatneralsowroteaconcisemasterpiece,"FailedSAT.Lostscholarship.Inventedrocket.",whichtoldushisopiniononexamination.InmostschoolsandcollegesexaminationsarecommonlyusedasachiefmeansofdecidingwhetherastudentsucceedsorfailsinmasteringaparticularsubjectAlthoughitdoesthejobefficiently,itssideeffectsarealsoenormous.第二段：ThemostundesirableeffectisthatexaminationsencouragebadstudyhabitsAswhatreallycountstothemistheexaminationscore,studentstendtolayemphasisonthecontentwhichwillbetested.Theyareencouragedtomemorizemechanicallyratherthantothinkcreatively.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoseekmoreknowledge,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtostudyconsistentlythroughoutthewholeterm,butinducecrammingduringtheexamweek.第三段：Worststill,examinationsproduceconstantanxietyandpressure.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Yoursuccessorfailureinacertaincourse,yourchancetobeadmittedtoauniversityforfurtherstudies,youropportunitytogetawell-paidjobandevenyourwholefuturemaybedecidedinasingleexaminationHowcanonegiveof（奉獻(xiàn)）hisbestwhenheisunderextremepressure?Andcanwebesurprisedatthehighsuiciderateamongstudents?第四段：Examinationslowerthestandardsofteachingaswell.FortheydeprivetheteacheroffreedomSinceteachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresults,theyhavetoconfinethemselvestowhatisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,andareevenreducedtotrainingstudentsinexamtechniquesinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects.第五段：Fewofusadmitthatexaminationscancontributeanythingreallyimportanttothestudents'academicdevelopment.Therearemanystoriesthatdrop-outsturnouttobegreatscientistsorsuccessfulentrepreneurslateronThat'swhyWilliamShatner,thefamousCanadianactorwrotethewell-knownsix-wordshortstory,"FailedSAT.LostscholarshipInventedrocket.Ifthat'sthecasewhycan'twemakeachangeanddevisesomethingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations?(369words)1、外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)2010：教育(30Pleasereflectonthefollowingopinionandwriteanessayofabout400wordselaboratingyourviewwithawell-definedtitle.Somepeoplebelievethekeyofthereformintheeducationsystemisawell-sharedawarenessthateducationsisthere,insteadofsimplyofferingtheknowledgeimportanttothestudents,toimprovethestudentsin l-roundway,andespeciallytoguidethemtoacarefulponderin ersuchfundamentalissuesaslifeitselfandsocialresponsibility.Anundueemphasisonknowledge-educationandtheresultantignoranceovertheguidancetothestudentstoaproperunderstandingoflifewillbringusnothingbutalargenumberof"memorizingmachines".Wecanneverexpectagroupofyoungpeoplewellpreparedfortherealsociallife.Translationingeneralisundervaluedinsocietyandtranslatorsareusuallyunderpaid,sincemanypeopleconsiderthatsolongasoneknowstwolanguageshecantranslate.Whatisyouropinionaboutthisissue?Stateyourviewclearlyandgiveyourreasonsinanessayofnolessthan400words.Inthispart,yourwritingabilitywillbetested.Youaregradedonhowwellratherthanhowlongyouwrite.Reasonthepoemcarefullyandwriteacommentofabout400Englishwordsonit.Directions：Basedontheinformationgivenbelow,pleasewriteanessayofabout400wordsontheAnswerSheet.Youhave60minutestoplan,write,andreviseyouressay.Computerplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleintoday'sclassroom.OnesignificantimpactofthecomputeronstudyisthatmoreandmorelecturesaregivenintheformWiththisgrowingtrend,youruniversityisconsideringwhetherornotthetraditionalwayofgivinglecturesviaBlackboardandChalkshouldbeabandoned.AforumisthereforeheldbytheSchoolBoardtoinvitestudents'opinions.Pleasecontributeyourpointofviewtotheforum,tryingtopersuadetheSchoolBoardtoadoptyourview,andthushelpthemtomakethedecisionthatbenefitsstudentsmost.SuggestedtitlefortheessayBlackboardandChalk:ToAbandonorMarkswillbeawardedbothforyourlinguisticknowledge(i.e.,grammar,vocabularyand anization)andforyourabilitytoachievethecommunicative5、大學(xué)2010：（30Cinderella（灰姑娘）isaninternationallywell-knownfairytaleinwhichayounggirllivinginmiseryissuddenlyrescuedbyahandsomeprince.Somepeoplesaythatthisstoryshowsthedesireofwomen,especiallythatofpoorwomen,forloveandforabetterlifeandthatthestoryteachespeoplenevertogiveuphope.Others,however,claimthatthisstoryisafantasythatonerarelyfindsinreallifeandthatratherthanteachingpeopletotakeanactiverole,itteachesthemtobepatient,obedientandpassivelywaitingforoutsidehelp.Whichsidewouldyousupport?Writeanessayinabout400wordstoclarifyandsupportyourInthisessay,youmusthaveaclearstatementofyouropinion,youshouldgiveatleasttworeasonsinsupportofyouropinion,andyoushouldgivereasonswhytheopinionoropinionsyouopposearewrongorarenotaswelldevelopedasyouropinion.andwriteanarticleofabout400wordsonthetopic"HeritageoftheTwoGreatOnJuly11,2009,renownedChinesescholarJiXianlindiedofillnessatof98inBeijing.Jiwasbestrememberedforhisachievementsinresearchonancient （梵語(yǔ)）literature.Healsotranslatedworksfrom nandprimevalChina'skeystone（主要的）spacescientistQianXuesen,widelyacclaimedasthecountry'sFatherofSpaceTechnology"and"KingofRocketry"diedinBeijingOct31atof98.Manypeopleregardtheirdeathsas" ingofanera"and"superstarsfallen",andcallthemselves"lonelychildreninaneraofnomasters".Somepeoplethink ality rson'sfate.Othersthinkthat'sfateisdecidedbytheenvironment.Whatisyouropinion?Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthetopic.In partofyourwriting,youshouldpresentyourthesisstatement,andthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.InthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionwithaMarkswillbeawardedfor anization,grammarandFailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofWriteyourcompositiononyourANSWER對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)2010：經(jīng)濟(jì)（30WriteanEnglishreportof250-300wordsdescribingtheworldeconomicpyramidaccordingtothefollowingchartandgiveyourown ysisofthepurchasingpowersituation.Yourwritingwillbeassessedforlanguage,format,structureandcontent.chart/columncart）Purchasingpowerparity力平第一段：Asisshowninthefigure,thedistributionofpeoplewithdifferentcapacitiesto esaroundtheworldcanbedemonstratedintheformofaneconomicpyramid.Atthetopofthepyramidisthewealthiestmemberswhocanearnmorethan20,000dollarsayear,occupying87.5millionpeopleworldwide.Another1.6billionpeoplewithanannualpercapita ebetween2,000and20,000dollarsarestandinginthemiddlepart.Morethan4billionpeopleliveatthebottomofpyramidonlessthan4dollarsperday.第二段：Basedonthestatisticsprovidedthepoorest,howeverthelargest-scalebottompeopleseemtoequaltothelowestpurchasingpower,comparingwithgroupatthetop.Isitthecase?第三段：Infact,givenitsvastsize,Tier4representsamultitrillion-dollar（數(shù)萬(wàn)億）market.Ifanecessityforlifecosts1dollarwhichisthepricethatthepoorcanbearatmost,themarketcomposedof4billionpeoplecanbring4billiondollarstotheproductmaker.Ifthepricesetsat10dollars,whichapparentlyaimsattheTier1market,thefortunefollowedcanonlyreach875milliondollars. eansmoreprofitableObviouslyBesidesaproductwithhighqualitywhileatlowcostwouldnotonlyattractthepoorbutalsothewealthier.Thereforethepotentialofthemarketwhichconsidersthepoor isfarcalculated.Thepurchasingpowerofthelargestconsumerunitwillalwaysbeatthesmallestandwillneverletthemanufacturerdown（使失望）,becausethesepeopleareyearningforabetterlifebroughtbyhigh-techproducts.第四段：Soitcanbeanticipatedthatnowisecompanywillcontinueignoringthebottomattheworldeconomicpyramid.十大必背范文之五：2010：社會(huì)風(fēng)氣（20Youaresupposedtowriteacompositionofatleast150wordsonthefollowingtopic:Promises.YourcompositionmustbewrittenontheAnswerSheet．第一段：Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedaphenomenonthatavarietyofpromiseshavebeenarisingfromallwalksoflife.Regretfully,quitealotofpromisesaresheernonsense,justastheheninthegivencartooncommitsherselftolayeggswhichareroundwithoutan lesandcornersandhaves s,eggwhitesandyolks.第二段：Oddandfunnyastheysound,suchfalsepromisescanbeseenandheardeverywhereinourcountryAdministrationdepartmentsassuretoperformtheirtaskseffectivelyandfairlywithouttakinganybribesmanufacturingunitsguaranteetoturnoutproductsofgoodquality;commercialenterprisessweartoprovidegenuinecommoditiesandpoliteandenthusiasticservices.Canyoufindanythingnewandsubstantialotherthantheirobligations,dutiesandjobsinthesesocalledpromises?Iguessyouranswerwillbenegative.Asamatteroffact,theirintentiontomakesuchcommitmentsisnothingbuttoputoncivilizedouterclothingtopleaseordeceivetheIdaresaythatoursocietyissufferingcorruptionandcheatwhicharecausingdamagetosocietybothmateriallyandmorallyButthehenandherlikeshouldknowthatbydishonestwordsnoonecansurvivetheintensecompetitionundermarketeconomysystemTheyshouldremembertheoldsayingHonestyisthebestpolicy".(219words)十大必背范文之六：Pleasewriteacompositionof400wordsonthefollowingtopic:Somepeoplebelievethatvisitorstoothercountriesshouldfollowlocalcustomsandbehavior.Othersdisagreeandthinkthatthehostcountryshould eculturaldifferences.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Markswillbeawardedforcontent， anization，grammarandappropriateness．Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks．FollowtheLocal第一段：Movingtoanothercountrycanbetheopportunityofalifetime.Itcanbeveryintimidatingtoliveamongpeoplewhospeakadifferentforeignlanguageandwhohaveverydifferentcustomsfromyournativecountry.However,immersingyourselfinaforeignculturecanbeaveryrewarding（有益的）andenrichingexperience.第二段：AsthesayinggoesWheninRomedoasRomansdo.（入鄉(xiāng)隨俗）Thepeopleofacertainplaceareusuallythemostadaptedtothelocalconditions,soif,forexample,somefoodsareeatenonlywhentheweatherishotorcold,eventhoughthismaysoundsillyyoumayalsofeelbetterbyfollowingthecustomEatinglocalfoodmaygiveyouthechancetotrytastesandtextures（質(zhì)構(gòu)）youhaveneverexperiencedbeforeyoumightfindsomethingyoureallylike!Learningsomebasicphrasesinthelocallanguagecanhelpyouconnectwithlocalpeopleandgiveyouabetterunderstandingoftheirculture.第三段：Nevertheless,othersholdtheopinionthatthehostcountry（所在國(guó)）shouldeculturaldifferences.Whenpeoplemovetoanothercountryasanadult,theirhomecountry’scustomsarealreadydeeplyengrained（根深蒂固）intheir sometimesmakingatransitionverydifficult.Agoodmanyadultsfinditdifficulttolearnanewlanguageandprefertofindfriendswhospeaktheirnativetongue.Theyprefertosticktotheirfavoritefoodsandmaintainthecustomsoftheirhomecountry.Thesemethodsareveryusefultominimizecultureshockandsoftentheimpactoflivinginanalienenvironment.第四段：Asformyself,Iwouldmakeagreatefforttoadoptcustomsfrommyhostcountry.WhenIwasinU.S.studyingEnglish,Itriedtomeetasmanylocalpeopleaspossible.Ofcourse,itwasdifficultat becausemyEnglishwasnotverygoodandIwasn'tusedtotheAmericanlifestyle,butin ,myexperiencewasmuchricherthanthoseofmyfriendswhostayedonlywithotherChinesestudents.第五段：Eventhoughitishumannaturetostaywithinyourowncomfort-zone,immersingyourselfinanewculturean ptingtolocalcustomscanhelpyou awell-rounded（全面的）.Ibelievemovingtoanewcountrypresentsagreatopportunitytolearnandimproveyourselfandthateveryeffortsshouldbemadetoadapttolocalcustoms.(387words)Sometimeago,theofficialXinhuaNewsAgencyreportedthattheadministratorsofBeihaiParkinBeijingwouldnotrenewtheircontractwithKentuckyFriedChickenwhenits10-yearleasewasdue.Somesupportthedecisionastheybelievethefastfoodoutletisoutofkeewithascenicimperialgarden.OthersshrugitoffastheythinktheremovaloftheColonelSandersplaqueattheparkislikelytobeonlyahiccup（小菜一碟）toChina’sgrowingloveaffairwithAmericanculture.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingDoesaWesternFastFoodOutletBelonginAChineseImperialPart4:Writing.（40Howmuchofour alityandsenseofselfisdeterminedbythehomeinwhichwelive?Examinetheimpactthatlivingindifferenttypesofdwellingsmighthaveonpeople.Pleasedevelopthetopicintoathree-paragraphessayontheANSWERSHEETwithatleast300wordsinthegiventime.WhoBuiltup ality,includingwhetherheorsheisconsiderate,tolerantorpassionate,maybeaffectedbyseveralfactors,amongwhichthecircumstancearoundandtheinherentcharacteristicarethetwoprincipaloneswhichhaveraisedheatdebateindifferentgroupsofpeople.Althoughsomeresearchesshowthesupportforthelatterone,Icastmyvotetotheotherside.第二段：Itisthefactthatpeopleborninfamilieswithdiscrepancies（差異）ontheireconomicandeducationallevelswouldprobably erepresentativesoftwoentirelydifferentclassesinthesociety.Oneofthemmayhavetheopportunitytobesenttostudy thisorherearlyageandcanfinallyendupwithaprestigiousscholar.Bycontrast,anotherpoorchildwirnesstostudyatschoolwhoseparentscannotevenaffordthetuition,instead,canonlylearnausefulskillassoonaspossibleinordertomaintainthefamily’susuallife.第三段：Inadditionitismorelikelytopossesssomenegativeemotionslikedepressionforachildgrowinginbrokenfamilies（破裂家庭）comparedtotheoneowningaharmoniousfamily.第四段：Somepeoplemayholdtheviewthatteticthingsinitially（首先）decide alitieswhichconsiderablyinfluencetheirfuturecareer.However,they’retoosimplifyingthesituation.AsfarasI’mconcerned,twinsbornatthesametimearerarelyengagedinsimilarbusiness.Itisbecausethattheyexperiencesomethingdifferentfromeachotherwhichgraduallybuildtheirownfigureswithcomplicated第五段：Tosumup,colorfulcasespeopleencounterdefini yplayamorecrucialrolethantheoriginalgenesduringtheprocessofbuildingtheir alityandbusiness.十大必背范文之八：Part3:Writing.（30Somepeoplebelievesuccesscomesfromcarefulplanning,hardworkandpatience.Othersholdsuccesssimplyresultsfrommassiverisk-takingandchances.Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.TheWayto第一段：Whatisthebestwaytowardssuccess?Theremaybehundredsofdifferentanswersaccordingtovariousexperiencesandunderstandings.However,mostsuggestionsareoneofthetwopossibleextremes:totakerisksandgraspopportunitywheneveryoucanortoplancarefullybeforetakinganyactionItisconfusingthatbothtypeshavesuccessfulexamplesandfailures.Nevertheless,inmyopinion,carefulplanningisevenmorepreciousthanthecouragetotakerisksThisismainlybecauseofthefollowingreasons.第二段：Successescomefromcarefulplanningconservativedecisionsandpatience.Nothinginlifeshouldbelefttochance,especiallynotsuccess.Thisistrueforbothcareerandfinancialgoals.Weneedtomakeshortandlong-termgoalsforbothourcareerandeducation,andrelyonhonesthardworktoreachthem.第三段：Eventhoughweoftenhearaboutsurprisingsuccessstories,likelotterywinners,orasmallcompanymakingitbi ernight,wehavetorealizethatforeachofthoseexamples,therearetensofthousandsofsimilarexamplesthatfailed.Weshouldnotgetcaughtupinthehype（大肆宣傳）ofriskydecisionsandinvestments,justbecauseoneortwopeoplehappenedtosucceed.Onthecontrary,toachievethegreatestchancesforsuccess,muchemphasisshouldbeputoneducation—everyoneshouldstrivetogetasmucheducationaspossible.第四段：Whenitcomestofinancialinvestments,thebenefitsoflong-terminvestmentinthoseofconstantlymovingyourmoneyaround（四處砸錢(qián)）orexperimentingwithriskydaytrading（搞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資）.Makingconservativeinvestments（謹(jǐn)慎投資）willpayoff（帶來(lái)收益）inthelongrunbutyouhavetobepatienttoreapthebenefitsofcompoundinterest（又慢又穩(wěn)的人）winstherace（才是贏家）.Forinstance,ifyouwanttoopenyourownrestaurant,itisbestto haveadegreeinho orrestaurantmanagement,knowledgeofmarketingandaccounting,andtohaveexperienceworkinginotherpeople'srestaurants.Inthisway,youwillbeabletomakethemostinformed（明智的）decisionsaboutyourownrestaurant.第五段：Ifyouwanttoachievesuccessinlife, youhavetoinvestinyourselfwithasmucheducationaspossible,infieldsrelatedtoyourcareer.Second,anybusinessorfinancialdecisionsshouldbebasedonknowledge,researchandshoulderronthesideofcaution（不求賺錢(qián)，但求謹(jǐn)慎）.Third,andmostimportantly,youmustbepatientbecause,astheysay,Romewasn'tbuiltinaday（冰凍三尺非一日之寒）.(412words)1、2010SilenceandPower 2、語(yǔ)言大學(xué)2010：WhatQualitiesShoulda 十大必背范文之九：外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)2010Wastenotwantnot（儉以防匱第一段：MoststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanetYoungpeopleunderstandthatcuttingdownonenergyuseanddecreasingwastearenecessarystepstowardscurbingclimatechangeandpreventingenergyshortages.Forenvironmentally-consciousstudentsseekingtomakeapositivedifferenceontheirowncollegecampuses,thesimplestandbestapproachistofollowthethreeR'sreduce,reuseandrecycle.enhance/increasetheawarenessof，培養(yǎng)意識(shí)cultivateawarenessof，） "R"standsfor"reduce".Studentscanreducewasteandlimittheirenergyusageoncampusinmanyways.Tobeginwith,theycanavoidprintingsofwhichaisnotrequired.Foressaysand sdoneedtobeprinted,studentscanusedouble-sidedasopposedtosingle-sidedprinting.Furthermore,electricityusagecanbelimitedbyturningoffcomputersbeforegoingtosleepandrememberingtoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingaroom.Finally,studentscandecreasetheirwaterusagebytakingshowersinsteadofbathsandrememberingtoturnthetapoffwhilebrushingtheirteeth.第三段：ThesecondofthethreeR'sisreuseManyproductscommonlyusedoncollegecampuses,suchasknives,spoonsandchopsticks,areavailableinbothsingle-useandreusableforms.Wheneverpossible,studentsshouldchoosereusableproductsoverdisposableones.Inaddition,someoftheproductsthatarefrequentlyusedbystudentshavereusablecomponents.Studentscanpurchaserefillableinkcartridges（墨盒）fortheirprinters（）,buyrefillablepens,useamechanicalpencilinsteadofthelocationsacrossmanycampuses,itiseasierthaneverbeforeforstudentstorecycle.Wastefulpracticessuchasthrowingawayemptybottlesornewsp rs,insteadofrecyclingthem,shouldbeavoided.Inaddition,onthosecampusesequippedwithdual throwarecyclableitemintothewrongslot.Lastbutnotleast,studentsshouldmakeanefforttobuyproductswithpackaging（包裝）thatisbothrecyclableandmadefromrecycledcontent.第五段：Highwas evelscontributetoenergydepletion（消耗）andenvironmentaldegradation（環(huán)境）.Weshouldalldoourparttorespondtotheenvironmentalchallengesthatwefaceasaplanet.Forcollegestudents,followingthethreeR'sisasimplebuteffectivewaytocutdownonwasteandhelptomaketheworldagreenerplace.(402words)十大必背范文之十：大學(xué)2010：（能源）（30Directions:WriteaboutEnergyReforminabout400words.TrytocoverthefollowingWhatisthepresentenergyconsumptionsituationinour（消費(fèi)品consumerWhatkindofmeasuresshouldChinese ernmenttaketoincreasetheenergyWhatshouldwe eadersaroundtheworldhaveacknowledgedandacceptedthatwearelikelytofaceaglobalenergyshortageoverthenextfewdecades.Thepriceofcrudeoilis l-timehighanddemandforthepetroleumcontinuestosoar,especiallyinemergingeconomies（新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體）likeChinaand .Ibelieve er