最全語法之虛擬語氣市公開課一等獎省名師優(yōu)質課賽課一等獎課件

虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood

GRAMMER語法陳說語氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.語氣分類虛擬語氣

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

Histeachersuggestedthathegotothelibrarythisafternoon.條件句表示主句條件,分真實條件句

和虛擬條件句

兩種。a.真實條件句表示條件是真或有可能實現,采取陳說語氣。b.虛擬條件句

表示條件是無法實現或幾乎無法實現,采取虛擬語氣。一.‘if’虛擬條件句概念由

‘if’

引導虛擬條件句叫作

‘if’虛擬條件句Icouldhavehaddinnerwithhimifhehadbeenhereyesterday.其它虛擬條件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現在事實相反假設,條件

狀語從句中謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞過去式用were)”,

而主句中謂語動詞“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。虛擬語氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.IfI

had

alotofmoney

I

would

buyavilla.Ifit

were

finenow,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworldwar_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2.與過去事實相反從句謂語用had＋過去分詞,組成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞形式；主句謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswimthen,I__________________trappedinthatisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanksc.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3.與未來事實相反從句謂語用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動詞過去式或weretodo或shoulddo

形式,主句謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動詞原形。Ifhe

got

upearlytomorrow,

he

wouldgetthere

ontime.假如他來,我們會對他說什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看見我,就會認識我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe條件If從句謂語形式主句謂語形式過去現在未來過去時(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)二。虛擬條件句主從句時態(tài)總結過去完成時would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.過去時2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)三、省掉if,從句倒裝Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.____formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.NothavingbeenB表示“要不是…”Had提前，倒裝

四.錯綜虛擬條件句主句與從句動作發(fā)生在不一樣時間,這時主從句位于動詞虛擬語氣形式因時間不一樣而不一樣,這叫做混合條件句或錯綜虛擬條件句。例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現在事實相反

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff_____________whattodobefore,

thebuilding___________onfirenow.wouldnotbehadbeentold五.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中使用方法1.在動詞wish后賓語從句中,表示與現在或過去事實相反,或對未來主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。IWISHEVERYDAY

WERE

MYBIRTHDAY.1)表示對現在情況虛擬:

從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞普通用were)。Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況虛擬:從句動詞慣用“had＋過去分詞”。1)IwishI____thismorning,butIhadtogetupandcametoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptA表示過去時間不現實愿望特殊詞及特殊結構中虛擬語氣IfOnly+句子“要是……就好了”假如是對現在或未來虛擬，用過去時假如是對過去虛擬，用過去完成時注意：ifonly與if有區(qū)分，if只表示“假如”，用真實語氣；ifonly表示不可能實現情況，用虛擬語氣E.g.1.ifonlyalarmclockhadrung2.ifonlyIwererich.Wouldrather+賓語從句從句多用過去式，表示“寧愿、寧可”E.g.Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_nextmonthsforadinnerA.comeB.wouldcomeC.cameD.havecomeasif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導狀語從句表示比較或方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:假如表示事情可能會發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中謂語動詞可用陳說語氣。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhe

had

beentherehimself.Itis(high)time等從句中

表示“該做而沒有作事情”，動詞用普通過去時。如：

It’shightimewebegantowork.

2)“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_____youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize表示是時間該作某事（但沒做）B

七、表示“提議、要求、命令”意義各種從句中一堅持(insist),二命令(order,command),三提議(suggest,propose,advise，recommend),四要求(ask,require,request,demand)prefer,desire(兩種偏愛)

這些詞從句謂語用虛擬語氣shoulddo，should可省略。比如：

HeinsistedthatJohnshoulddothisjob.Theuniondemandedthewageberaisedby20%.Wesuggestedthemeetingnotbepostponed.注意*insist不妥“果斷主張/果斷要求”講，而當“堅持認為”講時，不用虛擬語氣；suggest不妥“提議”講，而當“暗示/表明”講時，不用虛擬語氣。比如：1.“Theexperimenthadfailed.”Isuggestyou____again.”A.tryB.tryingC.willtryD.wouldtry2.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill,andwesuggestedthatshe____amedicalexamination.A.be/shouldhaveB.was/haveC.shouldbe/hadD.was,has八.其它should+動詞原形句式1.Itisnecessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazingthat引導從句（什么從句？），從句用should+動詞原形，should能夠省略。這類形容詞特點是表示主要性或吃驚。2.Incase,lest,forfearthat引導是從句，表示以防,用should+動詞原形HetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrainPRACTICEEvenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Withoutair,there__________(be)nolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,I__________________(not,do)itwell.IfonlyI____________(take)hisadvice,butIdidn’t.5.Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI_________________(come)tothemeeting.6.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe_______________(go)home.werewouldbecouldn’thavedonehadtakenwouldhavecomewentTranslate:我要是你話,我就會把英語學好。2.假如你昨天來,你就會看見他。3.萬一明天下雨,我們就不到那兒去。4.我希望我十年前認識他。5.他對待我就像對待他自己兒子一樣。IfIwereyou,Iwould/shouldlearnEnglishwell.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.IwishIhadknownhimtenyearsago.HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Exercises:()1.Iadvisedthatsister________atherdeskallday.mustn’tBnotreadCdoesn’treadDneedn’tread()2.ThesituationrequiredthatChina__________itsdoortotheoutsideworld.AmustopenBshouldopenChavetoopenDhastoopen()3.I________youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.AmusthavebroughtBwouldhaveboughtChadboughtDwouldbuy()4----Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?-----Iwishhe__________.AhadBdidCwouldDshouldBBBC()5._______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.AWouldBShouldC.ShallD.If()6.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_________enoughfoodonthetrip.A.hadbetterbringBwouldbringCbroughtDbring()7.You__________themeetingheldyesterday.Whyareyouabsent?AhadwatchedBmighthavewatchedCweretowatchDwouldwatch()8.Shedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou_________him.AhadseenBmighthaveseenCweretoseeDwouldseeBDBB()9.___________you________lastWednesday,youmightknowitwellnow.AWere,tocomeB.If,cameC.Had,comeD.Did,come()10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI_________thesportsmeet.A.wouldhavetakenpartinBtookpartinChadtakenpartinDwouldtakepartin()11.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe_________afewbooksonworldhistory.Adidn’treadBwouldn’treadChaven’treadDhadn’treadCAD()12.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.AbreaksBhasbrokenCwerebrokenDhadbeenbrokenC()13.Weshouldhavearrivedsoonerexceptwe___aflattyre.AhadBwouldChasnotDhas()14.----Whydidn’tyouhelphim?----Iwouldhave_______Ididn’thavethemoney.AstillBbutCotherwiseDor()15.Iwouldra