《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》Lesson 13 Microprocessor

Lesson13Microprocessor

?Backgrounds?Texttour

?Languageinuse–Vocabulary–

Structure–

Reading/writingtechniques11/1/20221《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》Backgrounds?

Terminology

–microprocessor

微處理器

–arithmetic/logicunit

算術(shù)邏輯單元

–registers

寄存器

–controlunit控制單元

–cachememory

高速緩存

–

localmemory內(nèi)存

–

oscillator晶振

–microcontroller

微控制器

–substratecreation

襯基制備11/1/20222《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》Backgrounds?

Terminology

–oxidation

氧化

–lithography

光刻

–etching

蝕刻

–ionimplantation離子注入

–filmdeposition

薄膜沉積

–die掩模

–cleanrooms清潔車間

–scanningtunnelingmicroscopy

掃描隧道顯微檢查

–molecular-beamepitaxy

分子束外延11/1/20223《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》Texttour

?Outline

13.1Introduction

13.2ComputerMemory

13.3Microcontroller

13.4Semiconductors

13.5Transistors

13.6ConstructionofMicroprocessors

13.7HistoryoftheMicroprocessor13.8FutureTechnology

11/1/20224《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.1Introduction

?Microprocessorisanelectroniccircuitthatfunctionsasthecentralprocessingunit(CPU)ofacomputer,providingcomputationalcontrol?Themicroprocessorisonetypeofultra-large-scaleintegratedcircuit?Amicroprocessorconsistsofseveraldifferentsections

–arithmetic/logicunit

–registers

–controlunit

–bus

–localmemory11/1/20225《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.2ComputerMemory

?

Separateintegratedcircuits,calledrandom-accessmemory(RAM)chips,whichcontainlargenumbersoftransistors,areusedinconjunctionwiththemicroprocessortoprovidetheneededmemory

?twokindsofrandom-accessmemory

–StaticRAM–dynamicRAM

11/1/20226《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.3Microcontroller

?Amicroprocessorisnotacompletecomputer

?Adifferentkindofintegratedcircuit,amicrocontroller,isacompletecomputeronachip,containingalloftheelementsofthebasicmicroprocessoralongwithotherspecializedfunctions

11/1/20227《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》?Itsabilitytoconductelectricityranksbetweenthatofa

conductorandthatofanonconductor,orinsulator?Siliconisthemostcommonsemiconductormaterial

?Thebasicbuildingblockofmostsemiconductordevicesisthediode,ajunction,orunion,ofnegative-type(n-type)andpositive-type(p-type)materials

13.4Semiconductors

11/1/20228《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.5Transistors?thetransistorusedmostcommonlyinthemicroelectronicsindustryiscalledametal-oxide-semiconductorfieldeffecttransistor(MOSFET)

?theconstructionofMOSFET11/1/20229《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.6ConstructionofMicroprocessors

?Microprocessorsarefabricatedusingtechniquessimilartothoseusedforotherintegratedcircuits

?Theprocessingstepsmicroprocessors

–substratecreation

–oxidation–lithography–etching–ionimplantation

–filmdeposition

11/1/202210《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.7HistoryoftheMicroprocessor?ThefirstmicroprocessorwastheIntel4004,producedin1971

?Thefirst8-bitmicroprocessorwastheIntel8008,developedin1972

?Thefirsttrulygeneral-purposemicroprocessor,developedin1974,wasthe8-bitIntel8080

?Modernmicroprocessorshavemuchgreatercapacityandspeed

–IntelPentiumPro

–UltraSparc-II

–PowerPC620

–Alpha21164A

11/1/202211《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》13.8FutureTechnology?Higherintegrationrate?Lithographictechniqueswillalsorequireimprovements?newtechnologylikemolecular-beamepitaxyand

scanningtunnelingmicroscopywillbeabletousedin

microprocessor11/1/202212《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》Languageinuse?Vocabulary

–cachememory,gate,monitor?Structure?Reading/writing

techniques

11/1/202213《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》cache

indictionary?隱藏處所,隱藏的糧食或物資,貯藏物?隱藏,窖藏?高速緩沖存儲器11/1/202214《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》cache

intext?cachememory

高速緩沖存儲器

11/1/202215《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》cache

inuse?cachecampsuppliesbyalake

把野營的供應(yīng)物資貯藏在湖畔?

Cachememory

高速緩沖存儲器

11/1/202216《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》gateindictionary?[古]街道,路?[方]習(xí)慣性的行為或動作?[蘇]旅行的路線?[蘇]距離?[主英]放牧(尤指在公共土地上放牧)?大門11/1/202217《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》gate

intext?

logicgate

邏輯門11/1/202218《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》gate

inuse?He'sgonesomeothergate.

他已向另外某個方向去了。?It'salonggatefromhere.

距這里還很遠。?elementarygates

基本門電路?ANDgate

與門

11/1/202219《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》monitorindictionary?(學(xué)校的)班[級]長,教務(wù)助理生,導(dǎo)生(代理教師的學(xué)生)?監(jiān)聽員;監(jiān)聽器;監(jiān)視器,控制器;(火箭的)追蹤器?勸告[告誡、警告]者;[古]忠告者,監(jiān)督?穩(wěn)定[控制,檢查,保護,安全]裝置,保險設(shè)備?提醒物,告誡物?(救火、采礦等用的)噴射口,水槍?【軍】淺水炮艦?(電影)調(diào)音員?【動】大壁虎,巨蜥?監(jiān)視;監(jiān)控;檢驗,檢查;調(diào)節(jié);追蹤11/1/202220《測控技術(shù)與儀器英語教程》monitor

intext?

suchasmonitorand