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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess()whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù),在…方面;incaseof以免;infavorof有利于,支持;inviewof鑒于,考慮到。句意:從談判的過(guò)程中,你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面,了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過(guò)程提供了重要的視角??崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是談判的一方面,故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyears,hefinally()therankofdeputydirector.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.achieved

B.approached

C.attained

D.acquired

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在這個(gè)公司工作十年之后,終于獲得了副主管的頭銜。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。achieve(通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某特定的目標(biāo),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等);approach接近,靠近;attain(通常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn),進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài)或情況);acquire獲得(名聲;技能等)。此句,并未特別強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)期努力,記憶并未強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)目標(biāo)。因此選C。

3.單選題

Therelationoftheearthonitsaxisisresponsibleforthe()ofperiodsoflightanddarkness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alteration

B.alternation

C.alternative

D.altercation

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。alteration變更,改變;alternation交替,更迭;alternative二選一,供替代的選擇;altercation爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。句意:地球繞著地軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是日夜交替出現(xiàn)的原因。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedorlights(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameout

B.cameon

C.cameto

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。comeout“出現(xiàn);出版;結(jié)果是”;comeon“快點(diǎn);開始”;cometo“想起;共計(jì)”;comedown“下來(lái);降落;流傳下來(lái)”。句意:警察認(rèn)為很多盜賊是新手,如果他們聽到警報(bào)或者看到燈光就會(huì)逃跑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子邏輯。前面和后面構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)butrather“而是,相反地”表示對(duì)比;B項(xiàng)butalso“并且”表示強(qiáng)調(diào);C項(xiàng)except“除了”,exceptthat“只可惜,除了……之外”表示轉(zhuǎn)折;D項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”,一般是作為副詞來(lái)使用,連接并列分句。句意:我不要威士忌,謝謝。不是我不喝,只可惜我不能喝,要開車。根據(jù)句意,正確答案為C。

6.翻譯題

是起點(diǎn)也是終點(diǎn),是終點(diǎn)也是起點(diǎn);是歡聚也是離散,是出發(fā)也是歸宿。從來(lái)沒有一個(gè)地方,能匯集如許人的流動(dòng)量,從來(lái)沒有一個(gè)地方,能擁有如許悲歡離合。從清晨到白晝,從黃昏到晚上,從黑夜到黎明,數(shù)不清的腳印,帶著來(lái)自各地的泥土。重重疊疊,密密麻麻踩上去;有紅色的土來(lái)自山間,有褐色的土來(lái)自田野,有黑色的土來(lái)自城市,有白色的土來(lái)自海濱。聚攏又散失,堆積又瀉落,沒有一粒種子能在土里長(zhǎng)根,如同沒有一雙腳步會(huì)在這里駐留;緣因——這只是流動(dòng)的浮土,這僅是過(guò)往的月臺(tái)。

【答案】Itisthebeginningyettheend,theendyetthebeginning.Itisthereunionyetthediscrete,thestartingpointyetthedestination.Therehasneverbeenaplacethatcancollecttheflowofsuchpeopleandthatcanhavesuchjoysandsorrows.Frommorningtoday,fromdusktonight,fromnighttodawn,countlessfootprints,withsoilfromallovertheworld,steponit:redearthfromthemountains,brownearthfromthefields,blackearthfromthecities,andwhiteearthfromthecoast.Thosesoilgathersanddisperses,accumulatesandfalls.Noseedcangrowrootsinthesoil,justlikenopairoffeetwillstayhere.Becauseit’sjustfloatingclay,andit’sjusttheplatformofthepast.

7.單選題

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源,來(lái)源”,指事物開始出現(xiàn)的始點(diǎn)或其來(lái)源與出處;B選項(xiàng)generation“一代,產(chǎn)生”;C選項(xiàng)decent“正派的,得體的”,為形容詞;D選項(xiàng)cause“原因,起因”,指某事件、后果等的起因。句意:這個(gè)詞的起源是未知的,但肯定不是來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)。

8.單選題

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants()downfrom112to58.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)seized“逮住,抓住”;B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓,餓死”;C選項(xiàng)calculated“計(jì)算”;D選項(xiàng)split“劈開”。句意:由于食物和水的短缺,非法移民數(shù)量從112人下降到了58人。根據(jù)前半句表述的因?yàn)槿鄙偈澄锖退?,可知后半句中非法移民?shù)量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項(xiàng)starved“使挨餓,餓死”合適。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereasonthatthecityattractslotsofinhabitantsliesinthatit’sacityof().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensity

B.diversity

C.adversity

D.necessity

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這個(gè)城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一個(gè)多元化的城市。

考查名詞辨析。Intensity強(qiáng)度,強(qiáng)烈;diversity不同(點(diǎn)),多樣性,多樣化;adversity困境,逆境;necessity必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Itisregrettablethatstudentsdonot(

)theirstudentloansandtherebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reimburse

B.refurbish

C.relinquish

D.recount

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reimburse償還,歸還;refurbish再磨光,刷新;relinquish放棄,棄絕;recount詳述,重新計(jì)算。句意:令人遺憾的是,學(xué)生沒有償還他們的助學(xué)貸款,以致于后來(lái)的學(xué)生在助學(xué)貸款的申請(qǐng)上面臨更大的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)therebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.可知A項(xiàng)最符合題意。

11.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.

【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education12.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget()quickly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decompose“分解,腐爛”;denounce“譴責(zé),告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;deduce“推斷,演繹出”。句意:炎熱地區(qū)的惡劣潮濕天氣會(huì)使植物迅速分解腐爛。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Everymemberofthesocietyhastomakea()struggleforthefreedomofthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pledge

B.warranty

C.resolve

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。makeapledge“宣誓”,本句意為“社會(huì)每個(gè)成員都必須宣誓為國(guó)家自由而奮斗”。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.單選題

Theprisoner()ameansofescapefromprison.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrived

B.conspired

C.intrigued

D.plotted

【答案】D

【解析】contrive設(shè)計(jì),謀劃;conspire共謀,協(xié)力;intrigue用詭計(jì)取得;plot密謀。選項(xiàng)A強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)法得到;選項(xiàng)B強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人合作;選項(xiàng)C強(qiáng)調(diào)用詭計(jì)取得;選項(xiàng)D強(qiáng)調(diào)秘密的籌劃。所以選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits(

).

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

).

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

).

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare(

).

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.(克里薩斯國(guó)王統(tǒng)治時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)價(jià)值的純金和銀幣,為國(guó)家當(dāng)局提供了第一個(gè)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑄幣證據(jù))可知A、B、C的選項(xiàng)正確,因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.(然而,這些硬幣的形狀并不完美,因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的)和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.(來(lái)自希臘庫(kù)扎的銀質(zhì)硬幣鑄造于公元前413年,被認(rèn)為是希臘最好的硬幣之一,價(jià)值超過(guò)1000美元)可知提到了這個(gè)銀幣的不足、價(jià)值以及年齡,因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.(然而,人們不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為只有機(jī)器制造的硬幣才是有價(jià)值的),緊接著以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler舉例,是為了說(shuō)明手工制作的硬幣具有很大的價(jià)值,因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury(事實(shí)上,完全數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)稱的趨勢(shì)直到十六世紀(jì)萊昂納多?達(dá)?芬奇發(fā)明的印壓機(jī)才開始)可知B選項(xiàng)“硬幣制作的工藝”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.(然而,這些硬幣的形狀并不完美,因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的)可知以前手工制作的硬幣在形狀大小存在不足,機(jī)械制造出來(lái)的銀幣其形狀大小是統(tǒng)一的,因此選B。

16.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat()andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整;正直;誠(chéng)實(shí);廉正”;B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能;直覺;天性”;C選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度;強(qiáng)烈”;D選項(xiàng)insanity“瘋狂;精神錯(cuò)亂;愚頑”。句意:這位市長(zhǎng)是一位非常正直的女性,因此值得我們的政治和財(cái)政援助。根據(jù)句意,A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurposeofthistextisto_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadgreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.reducedourstandardoflivinganddiminishedournaturalresources

D.wereoftenproducedbyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisreasonabletosupportindependentinventorsbecausetheylackcapital

B.itisobviousthatsmallfirmsalonecontributetopromotethelivingstandard

C.itisbeyondanydoubtthatmilitaryresearchcanprotectresourceseffectively

D.itstillremainsdoubtfulwhetherdefenseresearchisthecauseofbetterliving

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavelittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplant

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

D.theyaremetcompetitioninfieldsnotruledbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Importantinventionswereproducedbybothindividualsandcorporateteams.

B.Forabetterliving,themoneyspentonmilitaryresearchshouldbereduced.

C.Thegrowthoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitalloss.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.encouragefree-marketcompetition

B.advocateanincreaseingovernmentalsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

C.pointoutamisconceptionabouttheindustrialresearchandthemonopolisticpower

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)第一段,20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明____”,可定位到原文第1段第2句Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.(最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來(lái)的重要發(fā)明的研究表明,超過(guò)一半的發(fā)明是個(gè)體發(fā)明家,獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究,獨(dú)自工作的產(chǎn)物。)由此可知,20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明中超過(guò)一半是獨(dú)立發(fā)明家的產(chǎn)物,D選項(xiàng)“通常是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)制作的”表述符合原文,而B選項(xiàng)“主要來(lái)自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實(shí)驗(yàn)室”表述錯(cuò)誤,排除;A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小公司的影響大于對(duì)大企業(yè)集團(tuán)的影響”原文并未談及這些發(fā)明對(duì)大公司或小公司的影響,排除;C選項(xiàng)“降低了我們的生活水平,減少了我們的自然資源”原文并未提及,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

37.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“從第2段我們可以了解到____”可定位到原文第2段。第2段第2句…theindependentinventor…vitaltoeconomicprogress.(……獨(dú)立發(fā)明家和小公司無(wú)法承擔(dān)既能保護(hù)日益減少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究;只有大型企業(yè)的巨額資產(chǎn)才能負(fù)擔(dān)得起這種技術(shù)進(jìn)步的支出,這些技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。)由此可知,“既能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”需要巨額的研究資金,而獨(dú)立發(fā)明家的資金不夠支持他們進(jìn)行這些研究。A選項(xiàng)“支持獨(dú)立發(fā)明家是合理的,因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈Y金”表述與原文不符,原文只是說(shuō)他們的資金不夠從事“既能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源又能提高我們的生活水平的重要研究”,并沒有說(shuō)他們?nèi)狈Y金,他們的資金還是可以支持他們做其他研究的,排除;B選項(xiàng)“很明顯,只有小公司才能促進(jìn)生活水平的提高”表述不正確,能夠提高生活水平的研究不是小公司的研究?jī)?nèi)容,排除;第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.(這些與國(guó)防有關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目是否能改善人們的生活水平,或者是否在保護(hù)日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用,這是值得懷疑的。)根據(jù)句意,C選項(xiàng)“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),軍事研究可以有效地保護(hù)資源”,“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”與原文表述不符,排除;D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)防研究是否是改善生活的原因仍然值得懷疑”與原文表述相符。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

38.判斷推理題。題干“管理層和股東可能關(guān)心的是成本削減而非創(chuàng)新,如果____”可定位到第3段。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谥匾脑O(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”可定位到第3段倒數(shù)第2句thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarket…itisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.(市場(chǎng)份額小的公司將積極追求新技術(shù)和不同的產(chǎn)品,因?yàn)樵谥匾O(shè)備和工廠沒有利益,它不會(huì)阻止創(chuàng)新投資。)由此判斷,“在重要的設(shè)備或工廠幾乎沒有既得利益”的公司追求創(chuàng)新,與題意不符,排除;B選項(xiàng)“他們非常穩(wěn)定和安全,在行業(yè)中擁有壟斷地位”可定位到第3段第4句Large-scaleenterprises…tendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.(大型企業(yè)傾向于更舒適地在穩(wěn)定和安全的環(huán)境中經(jīng)營(yíng),它們的管理官僚機(jī)構(gòu)傾向于提高地位并抵制變化所隱含的威脅。)由此可知,在行業(yè)擁有壟斷地位的企業(yè)管理層不鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新,B選項(xiàng)與原文相符;C選項(xiàng)“他們創(chuàng)造了本世紀(jì)的一些重要發(fā)明”與題目無(wú)關(guān),原文并未提及,排除;干擾D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跊]有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行業(yè)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)減少甚至完全消除的情況下,工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進(jìn)步以避免資本損失。)由此可知,在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)少或沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行業(yè),行業(yè)巨頭會(huì)為了避免資本損失而阻止創(chuàng)新,D選項(xiàng)指的是一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈且沒有行業(yè)壟斷的情況,與原文不符,排除;注意不能被第3段第3句Whileitcanbeassumedthat…largeadvertisingbudgets(雖然可以假設(shè)……)誤導(dǎo),這只是一種可能存在的假設(shè),并不一定正確,而且根據(jù)第3段第2句Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology(價(jià)格變量曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過(guò)程中占主導(dǎo)地位的方面,現(xiàn)在卻屈從于新產(chǎn)品、新業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)和新技術(shù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng))可知,當(dāng)今時(shí)代創(chuàng)新在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中起著很重要的作用,所以D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)跊]有任何工業(yè)巨頭的領(lǐng)域遭遇了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,企業(yè)管理層應(yīng)該是鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的,與題干不符,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

39.判斷推理題。題干“下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述隱含在文中?”A選項(xiàng)“重要的發(fā)明是由個(gè)人和公司團(tuán)隊(duì)共同創(chuàng)造的”,可定位到第1段最后兩句Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributed…,independentinventors...Stillotherinventions...(當(dāng)工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室貢獻(xiàn)了諸如尼龍和晶體管這樣的重要產(chǎn)品時(shí),獨(dú)立的發(fā)明家們開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動(dòng)傳輸、噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、直升機(jī)、胰島素和鏈霉素。還有一些發(fā)明是通過(guò)個(gè)人和實(shí)驗(yàn)室團(tuán)隊(duì)的共同努力開發(fā)出來(lái)的。)由此可以推斷,重要的發(fā)明一部分是工業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)明的,一些是獨(dú)立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的,還有一些是共同發(fā)明的,選項(xiàng)A的表述不符合原文;B選項(xiàng)“為了更好的生活,應(yīng)該減少用于軍事研究的資金”,可定位到第2段最后一句Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethat...(這些與國(guó)防有關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目是否能改善人們的生活水平,或者是否在保護(hù)日益減少的資源方面起到很大作用,這是值得懷疑的)由此可知,與國(guó)防軍事有關(guān)的研究是否能帶來(lái)更好的生活值得懷疑,但是這并不能說(shuō)明它就是不能帶來(lái)更好的生活,B選項(xiàng)的表述不太符合原文,排除;C選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)傳輸?shù)陌l(fā)展并不歸功于有組織的工業(yè)研究”,可定位到原文第1段倒數(shù)第2句independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission…(獨(dú)立發(fā)明家開發(fā)了空調(diào)、自動(dòng)傳輸……)由此可知,自動(dòng)傳輸是由獨(dú)立發(fā)明家發(fā)明的,但它的發(fā)展是否與“有組織的工業(yè)研究”有關(guān)無(wú)從得知,排除;D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)巨頭可能會(huì)故意抑制創(chuàng)新以避免資本損失”可定位到第3段最后一句Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.(在某些行業(yè)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)減少甚至完全消除的情況下,工業(yè)巨頭可能有意阻止技術(shù)進(jìn)步以避免資本損失。)D選項(xiàng)表述與原文一致。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

40.作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)自由市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”;B選項(xiàng)“提倡政府增加對(duì)有組織的工業(yè)研究的支持”;C選項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”;D選項(xiàng)“表明美國(guó)的力量依賴于個(gè)人的聰明才智”。本文一共4段,第1段主要內(nèi)容——人們普遍認(rèn)為,工業(yè)巨頭的出現(xiàn)伴隨著同等工業(yè)研究的激增的。近期的研究表明20世紀(jì)以來(lái),實(shí)際上,超過(guò)一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的個(gè)體發(fā)明家獨(dú)立工作的產(chǎn)物,其他是實(shí)驗(yàn)室或者實(shí)驗(yàn)室和個(gè)人合作發(fā)明的。第2段主要內(nèi)容——我們?nèi)员灰笾С謮艛嗔α?,因?yàn)檫@種力量創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境。但一半的政府支出被用于軍事研究和產(chǎn)品開發(fā),這能否改善人們的生活水平,能否在保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源方面起到很大作用,值得懷疑。第3段主要內(nèi)容——我們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)關(guān)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的看法可能是錯(cuò)的,在當(dāng)今時(shí)代創(chuàng)新而非價(jià)格變化才是創(chuàng)新的重要因素。行業(yè)巨頭出于既得利益,不傾向于創(chuàng)新,相反,小公司鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。第4段主要內(nèi)容——處于壟斷地位的企業(yè)也不能避免競(jìng)爭(zhēng),也會(huì)需要在創(chuàng)新上投入大量資金。綜合來(lái)看,作者的行文邏輯是提出一個(gè)存在的觀點(diǎn),然后用事實(shí)證明該觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的,而這些觀點(diǎn)是關(guān)于工業(yè)研究和行業(yè)巨頭的。因此,C選項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究和壟斷權(quán)力的一種誤解”最符合作者意圖。本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

18.單選題

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition(自1985年8月9日以來(lái),沒有一個(gè)人死于核武器。而在這一時(shí)期卻有5000萬(wàn)人死于廉價(jià)的、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的武器和小型爆炸物),說(shuō)明小型武器的濫用已經(jīng)造成了比核武器還嚴(yán)重的后果,應(yīng)該重視小型武器的控制。因此B選項(xiàng)“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“核武器控制談判不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議”,C選項(xiàng)“核武器的殺傷力已經(jīng)減弱了”,D選項(xiàng)“核武器是50年前軍控談判的主題”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.(由于小型武器對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)世界的國(guó)家影響很小,毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他們生活的圈子之外,因此富國(guó)的人們很難意識(shí)到小型武器泛濫所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性。),說(shuō)明先進(jìn)國(guó)家的人們沒有及時(shí)地意識(shí)到小型武器問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們沒有及時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們要處理毒品交易和政治恐怖主義問(wèn)題”,由原文可知,他們的生活圈子中沒有毒品交易和政治恐怖主義,所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒有由小武器引起的這種問(wèn)題”,C選項(xiàng)“他們面臨其他更重要的問(wèn)題,如污染”在文中沒有提及,所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”,由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.(小型武器和輕武器很便宜。)可知,A屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除A。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器有威力”,由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.(小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們是致命的。)可知,B屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除B。C選項(xiàng)“小武器更容易使用”,由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.(它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。)可知,C屬于小型武器盛行的原因,排除C。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易得到”在文中沒有提及,因此本題選D。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.(通常犯罪組織利用同一渠道一個(gè)方向走私毒品另一方向走私槍支。),說(shuō)明犯罪組織利用同一渠道走私毒品和槍支。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型

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