考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)隴橋?qū)W院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)隴橋?qū)W院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬年左右，人口迅速增長，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長大約始于一萬年前，那時(shí)人們開始放牧、犁地和種地。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長再次被吸收后，人口增長率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長也可能放緩。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

2.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoice（）healthbehaviorsisanimportantone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infaceof

B.incaseof

C.inrelationto

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)infaceof“面對、面臨”；B選項(xiàng)incaseof“假如、萬一”；C選項(xiàng)inrelationto“關(guān)于、涉及”；D選項(xiàng)inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé)、掌管”，句意：個(gè)人選擇與健康行為的關(guān)系是一個(gè)重要的概念。個(gè)人選擇與健康行為是相關(guān)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Theideathataquickrecessionwouldpurgetheworldofpastexcessesisludicrous.Thedangeris,instead,ofaslump,asamountainofprivatedebt—intheUS,equaltothreetimesGDP—topplesoverintomassbankruptcy.Thedownwardspiralwouldbeginwithfurtherdecayoffinancialsystemsandproceedviapervasivemistrust,thevanishingofcredit,closureofvastnumbersofbusinesses,soaringunemployment,tumblingcommodityprices,cascadingdeclinesinassetpricesandsoaringrepossessions.Globalizationwouldspreadthecatastropheeverywhere.

【答案】

一個(gè)快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退將會(huì)消除世界的無節(jié)制的想法是荒謬的。相反，隨著大量私人債務(wù)（如在美國大量的私人債務(wù)等于美國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的3倍）坍塌為大規(guī)模破產(chǎn)，這種危險(xiǎn)就是衰退。隨著金融體系進(jìn)一步衰退，螺旋式下跌將會(huì)開始，然后通過遍布的不信任、信譽(yù)的消失、大量企業(yè)的倒閉、不斷上升的失業(yè)率、大宗商品價(jià)格暴跌、資產(chǎn)價(jià)格狂跌和飆升的收回資產(chǎn)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。全球化將會(huì)將這個(gè)大災(zāi)難擴(kuò)散到全球所有地方。

4.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,______thathepaidmebacktofollowingweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oncondition

B.onpurpose

C.onoccasion

D.onlyif

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。oncondition“只要，以……為條件”；onpurpose“有目的的”；onoccasion“有時(shí)，偶爾”；onlyif“只要……就”。句意：他問我借些錢，我同意借給他，前提是他（必須）下周還我。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thebestfilmsarcthosewhich（）nationalorculturalbarriers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.transit

C.transcribe

D.transact

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析題。transcend超越，勝過；transit運(yùn)輸；transcribe抄寫；transact辦理，交易。句意：最好的電影是那些超越了民族或文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；displace“取代，置換”；disperse“分散，使散開”；discard“拋棄，放棄”。句意：雖然我們努力集中精力聽講座，但隔壁房間的噪音分散了我們的注意力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（

）destinationisRome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。ultimate“最終的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“其次的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。句意：他們要去倫敦，但他們最終的目的是羅馬。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Wehaveoverwhelmedthenaturalsystemsandcreatedthedangerous____thatwenolongerdependonahealthyenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illumination

B.imbalance

C.illusion

D.indignation

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)illumination“照明；闡明”；B選項(xiàng)imbalance“不平衡；不安定”；C選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)誤的觀念或信仰”；D選項(xiàng)indignation“憤慨；憤怒”。句意：我們使自然系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)，創(chuàng)造了危險(xiǎn)的____，即我們不再依賴健康的環(huán)境?！拔覀儾辉僖蕾嚱】档沫h(huán)境”是一種錯(cuò)誤的觀念，C選項(xiàng)illusion“錯(cuò)誤的觀念或信仰”最符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

9.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（

）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegance

B.resolution

C.sympathy

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elegance“典雅；高雅”；B選項(xiàng)resolution“分辨率；解決；決心”；C選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；贊同”；D選項(xiàng)originality“創(chuàng)意；獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；原始”。句意：許多藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，成功的模仿遠(yuǎn)不是缺乏······的表現(xiàn)，而是學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造的第一步。句中出現(xiàn)的“模仿”、“學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造”表明，此處應(yīng)表示“模仿成功不是缺乏創(chuàng)造力的表現(xiàn)”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.caught

B.reduced

C.camedown

D.gotoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)catch“抓住，感染”，B項(xiàng)reduce“減少，減小”，C項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落，流傳下來”，D項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身，免于受罰”。句意：她吃了藥后退燒了，但看起來還是很虛弱。Subside在句中表示“消退，減退”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothepublic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand,hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearnfromhim.

Whatvisualartistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeoutbutdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiencesintoshapesandcolors,notwords.Theyseemtofeelthatacertainselectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountlessbillionspossible,isexceptionallyinterestingforthemandworthshowingtous.Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.

Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnatureandfromhumanbodiesinmotionandrepose(靜止).Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosestopaintaninjuredlegandanotheralakeinmoonlight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentiontoacertainaspectoftheworld.Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething,allofwhichmeansthat,consciouslyorunconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.

1.Withouttheartist’swork,thepublicmightnot（）.

2.Anartist’schoiceofshapesandcolorsindicatesthathebelievesthemtobe（）.

3.Contemporaryartistsoftenthinktheirchoiceofsubject（）.

4.Thewritersaysthatcontemporaryartcontains（）.

5.Comparedwithapainterofunpleasantsubjectsapainterwhodrawsalakeinmoonlightis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeparticularshapesorcolors

B.seetheshapesandcolorsthatexpresshisexperience

C.feelhisdelightinshapesandcolors

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.worthlookingat

C.delightful

D.moving

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.carriesnomessagetothepublic

B.providesaninterestingangle

C.hasnopatternorform

D.teachesthepublicimportanttruths

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nothingmeaningful

B.uninterestingaspectsoftheworld

C.subjectschosenpartlyfortheirmeaning

D.completelymeaninglesssubjects

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.conveyingmoremeaning

B.pointingtosomethingdifferent

C.moreskilled

D.communicatingless

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.如果沒有他們的作品，我們就不會(huì)注意到這些特殊的形狀和顏色，也不會(huì)體會(huì)到他們給藝術(shù)家?guī)淼目鞓贰！币约暗诙吻懊嬉蔡峒埃嫾野阉麄兊慕?jīng)驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)化成形狀和顏色，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均正確。所以本題選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsight.他們的選擇表明世界的這些方面是值得一看的，它們包含著美麗的風(fēng)景?！边x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家可能會(huì)說，他們只是選擇了能提供一種有趣模式的主題，而沒有更多的內(nèi)容?！边x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.然而，即使是他們也不會(huì)完全不參照他們主題的特點(diǎn)而做出選擇?！庇纱丝赏茢?，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的主題選擇部分是為了它們的意義。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一個(gè)自然段的內(nèi)容“如果一個(gè)畫家選擇畫一條受傷的腿，另一個(gè)選擇畫月光下的湖，每一個(gè)畫家都在把我們的注意力引向世界的某個(gè)方面。每個(gè)畫家都在告訴我們一些東西，向我們展示一些東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)一些東西，所有這一切都意味著，有意識或無意識地，他在試圖教我們一些東西?！币簿褪钦f，不同的畫家畫出不同的東西，他們所表達(dá)的意義也是不同的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

如今北京和紐約的共同之處不僅包括了繁忙的商業(yè)中心，寒冷的冬季和擁擠的城鐵車廂，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)年度排名，北京還在億萬富翁的人數(shù)方面趕超紐約。根據(jù)這份報(bào)告，盡管中國經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩，中國制造的財(cái)富卻超過了全球所有其它地區(qū)。

大多數(shù)人的生活被他們身處的環(huán)境所決定。他們不僅接受既定的命運(yùn)，而且順從命運(yùn)的安排。他們就像街上的有軌電車一樣，在既定的軌道上行駛，而對于那些敏捷地出沒于車水馬龍間，歡快地奔馳在曠野上的汽車卻不屑一顧。我尊重他們，他們是好市民、好丈夫和好父親。當(dāng)然，總得有人來支付稅收，但是，他們并沒有令人激動(dòng)的地方。

【答案】Nowadays,whatBeijingandNewYorkhaveincommondonotonlyincludebusycommercialcenters,coldwintertimeandcrowdedcompartmentsofcommutertrains,butalsotheformerhascaughtupwithandsurpassthelatterintermsofthenumberofbillionairesaccordingtoanannualranking.Accordingtothisreport,thewealthcreatedbyChinahasexceededthatproducedbyalltheotherregionsacrosstheworldalthoughChina’seconomydevelopmenthassloweddown.

Thelivesofmostpeoplearedeterminedbytheirlivingenvironments.Theydonotonlyacceptfixeddestinies,butalsoyieldtothearrangementoffate.Theyarejustliketramcarsinthestreetrunningonfixedrailwaysandtheyscoffatthosecarswhichswiftlyappearanddisappearamongheavytrafficandspeedcheerfullyinopenfields.Irespectthem;theyaregoodcitizens,goodhusbands,andgoodfathers.Ofcourse,somepeoplehavetopaytaxes;buttheyhavenothingtodowithanyexcitedthing.

13.單選題

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中起作用的力量。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世貿(mào)組織的抗議活動(dòng)表明并非所有人都認(rèn)為全球化是一件好事。選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一樣，使人民兩極分化，改變他們的生活結(jié)構(gòu)，并在人們內(nèi)部以及人與人之間制造裂痕。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他們指出，許多西方國家的相對繁榮證明了全球化的積極影響。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批評人士認(rèn)為，快速的、全系統(tǒng)的社會(huì)變革帶來了令人不安的影響。也就是說，全球化導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)制度的迅速變化，使人們感到不安，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚(yáng)）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯結(jié)束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項(xiàng)說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達(dá)的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個(gè)黑人棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員)。B選項(xiàng)與此不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。文中提到的每個(gè)名人在其領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認(rèn)可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

15.單選題

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are____tosomeprivilegesinmanycountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.enabled

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enforced強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行B.engaged從事；忙于

C.enabled使能夠D.entitled使享有權(quán)利

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處填入的是動(dòng)詞，與其搭配的介詞為to，其賓語為privileges“特權(quán)”，D選項(xiàng)entitled“使享有權(quán)利”能夠滿足語義搭配要求，且常搭配的介詞為to，beentitledtosth“被賦予某種權(quán)利或享有某種資格”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enforced“（enforcesthon/againstsb/sth）強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

B選項(xiàng)engaged“（beengagedin/onsth）從事；忙于”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

C選項(xiàng)enabled“使能夠”，與“特權(quán)”不搭配，語義不完整。

【句意】在許多國家，老年人，尤其是70歲以上的老年人享有一些特權(quán)。

16.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s（）policies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析。economic經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的；economical節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的；economy經(jīng)濟(jì)；economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。句意：雖然Smith博士本人不是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，但他長期以來一直是政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的嚴(yán)厲批評者。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Youmustbeverycareful;thework______precision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.entails

C.retails

D.repels

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retains“保持”；B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”；C選項(xiàng)retails“述說（尤指別人的事情）”；D選項(xiàng)repels“擊退；趕走”。句意：你必須非常小心；這項(xiàng)工作______精確。根據(jù)語境，這里指這是份細(xì)致的工作，B選項(xiàng)entails“牽涉；需要”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observe