考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)strength“力量，毅力”；C選項(xiàng)length“長度，篇幅”；D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺她們沒充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

2.單選題

______shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A項(xiàng)onnoaccount“決不”，放在句首作狀語時(shí)，主謂應(yīng)該倒裝；B項(xiàng)fromallaccount“根據(jù)各方面所說”；C項(xiàng)ofnoaccount“不重要的、沒有價(jià)值的”，在句中通常作表語和定語；D項(xiàng)byallaccount“據(jù)大家所說”；句意：絕不能給小孩錢。因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,（）isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.thatTherearefewelectronic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:英國人對于不同的文化和其他的行為方式不是很熟悉，在其他國家情況也是如此。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。逗號(hào)后面部分“isoftenthecaseinothercountries”結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，缺少主語。因此該處應(yīng)該是非限制性定語從句。因此A項(xiàng)正確，構(gòu)成表達(dá)“asisoftenthecase(是常有的情形)”。

4.單選題

We’reextremelyinterestedinthesourceofthese（）rumors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.salient

B.fictitious

C.ascetic

D.indelible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)salient“顯著的；最重要的”；B選項(xiàng)fictitious“虛假的”；C選項(xiàng)ascetic“清苦的，苦行的”；D選項(xiàng)indelible“無法忘記的，不可磨滅的”。句意：我們對這些（）謠言從何而來非常感興趣。既然是rumors“謠言”，很多人會(huì)不假思索地相信，就不至于salient“顯著的；最重要的”，fictitious“虛假的”比較符合生活實(shí)際。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D這個(gè)單詞是存在的，censorship“審查制度”。句意：很多受過良好教育的人認(rèn)為審查制度不會(huì)危及言論自由。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.Moleculesconveyinformation,anditistheirmessagesthatareofparamountimportance.Eachmoleculeinteractswithasetofothermoleculesandeachsetcommunicateswithanotherset,suchthatallareinterconnected.Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.Lifeisawebandthewebislife.

Ironically,itwastheeuphoriaformoleculesthattouchedoffthisscientificRevolution.Inthe1980sonlyatinypercentageofthemillionsofdifferentmolecularcomponentsoflivingbeingswereknown.Inordertogainaccesstothesemolecules,anewscienceandevenanewindustryhadtobecreated.Genomicsisthedevelopmentandapplicationofresearchtoolsthatuncoverandanalyzethousandsofdifferentmoleculesatatime.Thisnewapproachtobiologyhasbeensosuccessfulthatuniversitieshavecreatedentiredepartmentsdevotedtoit,andallmajorpharmaceuticalcompaniesnowhavelargegenomicsdivisions.Genomicshasgrantedbiologistsunprecedentedaccesstothemoleculesoflife,butthisismorethanjustatechnologicalrevolution.Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.

Informationisamessage,abitofnews.Itmaybeencodedordecoded.Itmaybecoveredbysmokesignals,pictures,soundwaves,electromagneticwaves,orinnumerousothermedia,buttheinformationitselfisnotmadeofanything.Ithasnomass.

Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyed,processed,andstored.

Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?

51.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

52.ThepassagementionseachofthefollowingasanexampleofelementsinterrelatingtoformalargerwholeExcept（）.

53.Accordingtothepassage,the“dramaticallynewframework”isoneinwhich（）.

54.Accordingtothepassage,informationtheory“mayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismof

science”because（）.

55.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalparagraphinrelationtotherestofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteatheory

B.describetheoriginsofamisconception

C.analyzedifferentperspectivesonaphenomenon

D.describeanewtrendinafieldofstudy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moleculesformingacell

B.organismsforminganecosystem

C.pathogensformingtheimmunesystem

D.cellsforminganorganism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.biologicaldateistranslatedintoanewform

B.theimmunesystemattacksapathogen

C.geneticresearchreceivesmorefederalfunding

D.forcesareharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbody

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itcanbeconveyedbysoundwaves

B.itisbettersuitedtocommercialindustrythantoacademicstudy

C.itsuggeststhatmessagesmayhavemeaningorpurpose

D.itanalyzesbiologicalinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmodifiesatheorypresentedearlier.

B.Itindicatesactualandpotentialconsequencesofgenomics.

C.Itraisesdoubtsaboutthevalueofgenomics.

D.Itprovidesasolutiontoaproblemmentionedearlier.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】51.主旨大意題。本文主要敘述了生物學(xué)研究的新趨勢，生物學(xué)現(xiàn)在是信息科學(xué)，用信息手段探索生命。因此D選項(xiàng)“描述一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域的新趨勢”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“反駁一個(gè)理論”，B選項(xiàng)“描述一種誤解的起源”；C選項(xiàng)“從不同的角度分析一個(gè)現(xiàn)象”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

52.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作為信息科學(xué)家，生物學(xué)家關(guān)心維持生命的信息，比如使受精卵發(fā)育成為成熟生物體的復(fù)雜的一系列信號(hào)，或者免疫系統(tǒng)對入侵病原體做出的協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。）Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.（人的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成文化和社會(huì)，物種的網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)成了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。）根據(jù)題干信息哪項(xiàng)不是元素相互關(guān)聯(lián)構(gòu)成更大的整體的例子。A選項(xiàng)“形成細(xì)胞的分子”，B選項(xiàng)“由有機(jī)體形成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的”，C選項(xiàng)“病原體形成免疫系統(tǒng)”，D選項(xiàng)“細(xì)胞形成有機(jī)體”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均是由小變大的例子。C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)原文，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)大的、整體性的免疫系統(tǒng)，會(huì)對小的、部分性的病原體做出協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)不符合題意。故選C。

53.詞義推測題。定位到原文Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.（通過基因組學(xué)，大量的生物信息可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子格式。這直接使生命科學(xué)以全新框架來理解生命。）由此可判斷dramaticallynewframework“全新的框架”根據(jù)指示代詞this可知是指代前面的內(nèi)容即生物數(shù)據(jù)可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子格式，因此A選項(xiàng)“生物數(shù)據(jù)被轉(zhuǎn)換成一種新的形式”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊病原體”，C選項(xiàng)“基因研究得到了更多的聯(lián)邦資助”，D選項(xiàng)“人們利用各種力量來更好地了解人體”，均不符題意，可排除。故選A。

54.推理判斷題。定位在第四段Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyedprocessed,andstored.（此外，信息往往有發(fā)送者和有意向的接收者。這隱含著一個(gè)潛在的意圖、意義或目的。信息理論因此似乎不適合科學(xué)的冰冷的客觀主義。信息科學(xué)的焦點(diǎn)，然而，與其說是在信息內(nèi)容上，不如說是在如何傳達(dá)、處理和存儲(chǔ)信息上。）根據(jù)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)thus“因此”可知，信息理論似乎不適合科學(xué)的冰冷的客觀主義的原因在前一句中可以找到。即信息隱含著一個(gè)潛在的意圖、意義或目的。因此C選項(xiàng)“它表明，信息可能有意義或目的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它可以通過聲波傳播”，B選項(xiàng)“它更適合商業(yè)工業(yè)而不是學(xué)術(shù)研究”，D選項(xiàng)“它分析生物信息”，均與題意不符。故選C。

55.推理判斷題。定位在最后一段Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?（信息科學(xué)的發(fā)展促使計(jì)算機(jī)和通訊產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展，這是否應(yīng)該可以更好的幫助探索人體和改善人類健康呢？）以及文章的第一段Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.（生物學(xué)正在重生為一門信息科學(xué)，一門信息時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物。）Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作為信息科學(xué)家，生物學(xué)家關(guān)心的是維持生命的信息，比如使受精卵發(fā)育成為成熟生物體的復(fù)雜的一系列信號(hào)，或者免疫系統(tǒng)對入侵病原體做出的協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。）由此可知，最后一段是對前面內(nèi)容的一些補(bǔ)充，因此A選項(xiàng)“它修飾了先前提出的一個(gè)理論”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“它表明了基因組學(xué)的實(shí)際和潛在后果”，C選項(xiàng)“這引起了對基因組學(xué)價(jià)值的懷疑”，D選項(xiàng)“它為前面提到的問題提供了解決方案”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

7.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remedy補(bǔ)救，治療；reproach責(zé)備；revive使復(fù)興，使蘇醒；revenge報(bào)仇，雪恥。句意：西班牙隊(duì)雖然狀態(tài)不佳，但下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利向德國隊(duì)一雪前恥。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（

）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inspirational意為“啟發(fā)靈感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意為“教育的”；excessive意為“過度的，極度的”；instantaneous意為“瞬間的”。

句意：有了她作為教授和顧問，我可以告訴你，她是一股鼓舞人心的力量，她能鼓勵(lì)她的學(xué)生們發(fā)揮出超出他們自己的期望。

9.單選題

HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imminent

B.momentous

C.transient

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。imminent“即將發(fā)生的；迫近的”；momentous“重要的；重大的”；transient“短暫的；路過的”；prospective“未來的；預(yù)期的”。句意：英格蘭南部的暴雨意味著即將有洪水發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)originate“起源；創(chuàng)建”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；C選項(xiàng)double“兩倍的；成雙的；雙人的”；D選項(xiàng)joint“聯(lián)合的”。句意：英語教學(xué)的方法______，但并不是所有的方法對我們的中國學(xué)生都同樣有效。根據(jù)不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多種方法，B選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

1.Themanwhoselifeiscenteredaroundproducing,sellingandconsumingcommoditiestransformshimselfintoacommodity.Hebecomesincreasinglyattractedtothatwhichisman-madeandmechanical,ratherthantothatwhichisnaturalandorganic.Manymentodayaremoreinterestedinsportscarsthaninwomen;ortheyexperiencewomenasacarwhichonecancausetoracebypushingtherightbutton.2.Altogethertheyexpecthappinessisamatteroffindingtherightbutton,nottheresultofaproductive,richlife,alifewhichrequiresmakinganeffortandtakingrisks.Intheirsearchforthebutton,somegotothepsychoanalyst,somegotochurchandsomeread“self-help”books.Butwhileitisimpossibletofindthebuttonforhappiness,themajorityaresatisfiedwithpushingthebuttonsofcameras,radios,televisionsets,andwatchingsciencefictionbecomingreality.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsoftheirapproachtolifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons?Apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof.3.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventthemfromfeelinganxietyaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

AmIsuggestingthatmodernmanisdoomedandthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.4.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandthefulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.以生產(chǎn)、銷售、消費(fèi)商品為中心的男人把自己也轉(zhuǎn)化為一種商品了。他對人造的、機(jī)械的東西越來越感興趣，對天然的、有機(jī)的東西卻無動(dòng)于衷。如今，許多男人對跑車的癡迷超過了對女人的癡迷，或者把女人當(dāng)作只要按對按鈕就會(huì)奔馳的汽車。

2.總而言之，他們認(rèn)為幸福是個(gè)找對按鈕的問題，而不是源自碩果累累、豐富多彩、需要付出努力和承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的生活。在尋找按鈕的過程中，有些人去找心理分析學(xué)家；有些人去做禮拜；還有一些人去讀“自助”書籍。不過他們雖然找不到賜予幸福的按鈕，但大多數(shù)人滿足于按收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)和照相機(jī)的按鈕，滿足于看著科幻小說變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

3.我認(rèn)為，可以這樣解釋：他們非常擔(dān)心會(huì)遭遇個(gè)人的失敗并蒙受羞辱。由于他們對個(gè)人問題感到憂慮，這就妨礙他們對所有的人和所有的東西可能會(huì)遭到毀滅感到憂慮。也許徹底的毀滅比十分的不安和個(gè)人永無休止的憂慮更有吸引力。

4.想通過倒退到人們已經(jīng)走過的階段來解決問題是永遠(yuǎn)行不通的。我建議改造我們的社會(huì)制度，將其從一個(gè)官僚機(jī)構(gòu)管理下的工業(yè)化社會(huì)體制轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)人本主義的工業(yè)化社會(huì)體制。在前一種體制中，最高產(chǎn)量和最高消費(fèi)為主要目的；在后一種體制中，一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)的目的都是為了人，為了使人的各種潛力——愛的潛力和運(yùn)用理性的潛力——獲得充分的發(fā)展。

12.單選題

Evidencecameupthat______speechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.distinctive

C.explicit

D.blunt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特殊的，特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的”，著重指某種、某類事物具有的特殊或特定的屬性；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，有特色的；與眾不同的”，常被用來突出某個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也就是說由于某個(gè)特點(diǎn)的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)blunt“鈍的，不鋒利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有證據(jù)表明，6個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能識(shí)別______語音。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)語音，用“特定的”一詞修飾更符合句意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的句子。主語的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，因此虛擬語氣的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章開頭引出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患心理疾病上的差異，隨后拋出實(shí)驗(yàn)來闡述城鄉(xiāng)居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“城鄉(xiāng)居民心理機(jī)制的差異”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為什么城市不適合居住”：文章沒有討論這個(gè)話題，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如何發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)對壓力的人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“為什么城市居民比鄉(xiāng)村居民患情緒障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”：是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（現(xiàn)代學(xué)者同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。去年，荷蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市居民患焦慮癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比平靜的農(nóng)村居民高21%，患情感障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比鄉(xiāng)村居民高39%。），引用雪萊的話以后，緊接著提出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患精神類疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不同，所以B選項(xiàng)“引入以下關(guān)于城市和農(nóng)村居民的討論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)對倫敦這樣的大城市的厭惡”和C選項(xiàng)“顯示對文學(xué)作品的了解”：不是文章想要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“指出城市和農(nóng)村差異的起因”：這里不能得出城鄉(xiāng)差異的起因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語義推測題。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根據(jù)第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（對于那些在農(nóng)村長大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性在意料之中。然而，對于那些在城市長大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性就不存在了。換句話說，土生土長的都市人的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制似乎失衡了。），對于生長在農(nóng)村的人來說，這種相關(guān)性可以預(yù)料，也就是有規(guī)律可循，處于正常的狀態(tài)，而對于生長在城市的人來說，這種相關(guān)性已經(jīng)消失，也就是說不是正常該有的狀態(tài)，所以B選項(xiàng)“失控的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“想不到的”，C選項(xiàng)“所知不多的”和D選項(xiàng)“矛盾的”不符合題意，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.（生活在農(nóng)村的人杏仁核的活動(dòng)水平最低。），可知實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是C選項(xiàng)“面對壓力時(shí)，農(nóng)村居民的杏仁核活動(dòng)水平最低”，故正確。A選項(xiàng)“城市居民有壓力時(shí)扣帶皮層活動(dòng)水平最高”：根據(jù)第四段最后一句Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.（一個(gè)人的童年生活在城市的時(shí)間越長，他的扣帶皮層部位就越活躍，無論他在實(shí)驗(yàn)期間住在哪里。），可知扣帶皮層活躍與否與壓力無關(guān)，而與生長環(huán)境有關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“參與者成長的地方對于預(yù)測心理活動(dòng)更重要”：文章沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)參與者成長的地方對于實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的重要性，在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中需要參考參與者成長的地方，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“扣帶皮層的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制在現(xiàn)在居住在城市的人群中失效”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.（扣帶皮層是大腦皮層的一部分（同樣存在于兩個(gè)大腦半球），負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)節(jié)杏仁核。）和第四段第三句Citydwellershadthehighest.（城市居民的比例最高。），可知居住在城市中的人的扣帶皮層沒有失效，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第八段第一句Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.（就像這類研究中的常見情況，樣本量很小（因此不像期望的那么可靠），結(jié)果顯示的是一種關(guān)聯(lián)，而不是一種確定的因果關(guān)系。），可知這個(gè)研究的局限在于不能得出因果關(guān)系，所以D選項(xiàng)“不能得出社會(huì)壓力和精神之間有因果關(guān)系的結(jié)論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“掃描技術(shù)用于檢查大腦”，B選項(xiàng)“選擇參與者的隨機(jī)性”和C選項(xiàng)“要求參與者解決的數(shù)學(xué)問題設(shè)計(jì)不合理”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asayoungman

B.wouldoftensee

C.inhislatetwenties

D.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】短語誤用。begantospend改成beganspending。表示開始一種新習(xí)慣時(shí)，應(yīng)使用begindoing的形式

16.單選題

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.

2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.

3.By“T