考研考博-英語(yǔ)-國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。無(wú)論三個(gè)姐妹你選擇哪一個(gè)結(jié)婚，你都將擁有一個(gè)好妻子。A選項(xiàng)whichever“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”，B選項(xiàng)which，“哪個(gè)”，C選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”，D選項(xiàng)any“任何的”，C選項(xiàng)whichever，“不論哪個(gè)”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhich，其意為“無(wú)論哪個(gè)”“不管哪個(gè)”，在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.無(wú)論你選哪個(gè)，都會(huì)冒犯其余的人。D選項(xiàng)any不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不論這三個(gè)姐姐你選哪一個(gè)結(jié)婚，你都將有一個(gè)好妻子。綜上所述，本題選A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:上閱讀課時(shí)，老師要求學(xué)生閱讀小說(shuō)中的幾個(gè)。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay論文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文藝作品中的殘存部分；extract書(shū)本中的摘錄，選段等。故選D。

3.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期望的在社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

4.單選題

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除；排除”；B選項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸；傳播；發(fā)射；傳達(dá)；遺傳”；C選項(xiàng)replace“取代，代替；替換，更換；歸還，償還；把……放回原處”；D選項(xiàng)isolate“（使）隔離，孤立；將……剔出；（某物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞等）分離；區(qū)別看待（觀點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定會(huì)在這樣不衛(wèi)生、擁擠的地方傳播。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞propagate“傳播；傳送；繁殖；宣傳”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突

C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐敗；墮落

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅(jiān)固。由常識(shí)可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng)，因此選C選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。

B選項(xiàng)collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D選項(xiàng)corruption“腐敗；墮落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金屬更輕，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅(jiān)固。

6.單選題

Hetoldmethatthemusicwasbarelyaudibleinthehallthatnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.passionate

C.pathetic

D.perpetual

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的，獨(dú)特的，清楚的”，B項(xiàng)passionate“熱情的，熱烈的”，C項(xiàng)pathetic“可憐的，悲哀的”，D項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的，不斷的”。句意：他告訴我那天晚上音樂(lè)廳里的音樂(lè)幾乎聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。audible在句中表示“聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a（）ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flow

B.movement

C.rush

D.blast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)flow“滔滔不絕，連貫”，aflowof“源源不斷的”，例句：Deliveryourwordslikeaflowofwater.Speaktothepoint,beclearandmaintaincontinuity.（你的話語(yǔ)要像流水一樣順暢，語(yǔ)言要中肯、簡(jiǎn)潔，并保持連貫性。）；B選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)rush“沖進(jìn)，匆促”，arushof“一陣”，例句：Arushofpureaffectionsweptoverhim.（一股強(qiáng)烈的真愛(ài)掠過(guò)了他的心田。）；D選項(xiàng)blast“沖擊波，一陣”，ablastof“一陣風(fēng)”，例句：Ablastofhotairhitusaswesteppedofftheplane.（我們下飛機(jī)時(shí)，一股熱浪向我們襲來(lái)。）。句意：他一打開(kāi)門(mén)，一股冷空氣就吹進(jìn)了屋子。此處體現(xiàn)突然涌入的寒氣，故D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是康德，可知主句應(yīng)為表示“人”的代詞，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C選項(xiàng)。句意：康德認(rèn)為說(shuō)謊是“人的尊嚴(yán)的喪失”，認(rèn)為反對(duì)說(shuō)謊的規(guī)則是絕對(duì)的，但很少有人否認(rèn)誠(chéng)實(shí)這一道德準(zhǔn)則不得不受制于環(huán)境。此處用雙重否定表示肯定。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金，那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元，他怎么做會(huì)比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就會(huì)關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶，把錢(qián)取出來(lái)做20年額投資，以8%的利率計(jì)算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“拿著養(yǎng)老金（投資）賺取利潤(rùn)”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定繳款計(jì)劃，而你提前退休了，那么問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了。你開(kāi)始把錢(qián)花在本可以賺取利息的投資項(xiàng)目上。后面舉例說(shuō)明：如果你在55歲時(shí)退休，然后開(kāi)始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，那么到65歲時(shí)，你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時(shí)的一半左右。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系，過(guò)早退休開(kāi)始使用養(yǎng)老金，會(huì)比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此，B選項(xiàng)“提前退休，損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)表述不正確？選項(xiàng)B表示“如果一個(gè)人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯(cuò)誤，由最后一段可知，提前退休會(huì)造成養(yǎng)老金減少，所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項(xiàng)與原文表述均相符，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

15.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故選D。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有時(shí)候?qū)σ粋€(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)需要終生的時(shí)間才能懂得活著就是為了奉獻(xiàn)。

文化是一切。文化是我們著裝的方式,是我們走路的方式,是我們系領(lǐng)帶的方式。

時(shí)間是個(gè)多才多藝的表演者。它能展翅飛翔,能闊步前進(jìn),也能治愈創(chuàng)傷。

音樂(lè)是你自身的體驗(yàn),你的思想,你的智慧。

國(guó)家的發(fā)展取決于年輕一代的素質(zhì),這是么人皆知的事實(shí)。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

12.單選題

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超過(guò)”；beside“在……旁邊”；up“在…上方”。句意：我實(shí)在無(wú)法理解，這份本來(lái)很出色的報(bào)紙?jiān)趺磿?huì)允許這篇文章被發(fā)表出來(lái)。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范圍。答案B

13.單選題

Theproblemthaturbansprawlis（）upontheun-spoiltcountrysidedeservesmoreattentionfromthegovernmentandthepublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.occupying

B.taking

C.encroach

D.encroaching

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occupy“占據(jù)；占用”；B選項(xiàng)take“拿走；取走”；C選項(xiàng)encroach“侵占(某人的時(shí)間)；蠶食(土地)”；D選項(xiàng)encroaching“encroach的現(xiàn)在分詞形式”。句意：城市擴(kuò)張正在侵蝕著未被破壞的農(nóng)村，這一問(wèn)題值得政府和公眾更多的關(guān)注。此處的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與介詞upon構(gòu)成搭配，而空格前面為be動(dòng)詞，因此此處應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故選D。encroachupon表示“侵犯，侵占”。

14.單選題

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞用法。B選項(xiàng)much不能直接修飾地名，應(yīng)改為muchof。

15.單選題

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)過(guò)去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語(yǔ)＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，從句：had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

試題答案：C;haddevoted

16.單選題

Therobbersbrokeintothebank,（

）theclerkswithrevolversandforcedthemtogivemoneyjustastheywereabouttoknockoff.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shot

B.frightened

C.amused

D.menaced

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Shot“射擊”；frightened“驚恐，使害怕”；amused“逗樂(lè)，使發(fā)笑”；menaced“威脅，恐嚇”。句意：歹徒?jīng)_進(jìn)銀行，在銀行職員打算按警報(bào)器的時(shí)候用槍威脅他們，強(qiáng)迫他們把錢(qián)拿出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Thestationerhasnotyetdeliveredtheyellowpaper,butwhen（）Iwillgiveyousome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theydo

B.theywill

C.hedoes

D.hewill

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意：文具店還沒(méi)有給你黃色的紙，但是……的時(shí)候我會(huì)給你一些。根據(jù)句意，可推測(cè)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此排除B，D選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A是they，不能指代stationer，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

18.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plan“計(jì)劃，平面圖”；B選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書(shū)，辨別力”；C選項(xiàng)stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)，知道，認(rèn)識(shí)，學(xué)科”。句意：這場(chǎng)危機(jī)將考驗(yàn)首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)?？崭袂暗腶nd表明前后兩個(gè)部分是并列關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)均為people，是集合名詞，先排除B和C選項(xiàng)。前半句句意：很少有人有時(shí)間去掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)的“全部”知識(shí)。為了保持并列關(guān)系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量實(shí)際地使用這樣一種語(yǔ)言的人就更少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.翻譯題

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostothercountries.

3.Iftherewereonlyadozenorsoairmoleculesinmykitchen,itwouldbelikelyifIwaitedayearorso一thatatsomepointthesixcoldestoneswouldcongregateinsidethefreezer.

4.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,wewillhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmember’sinclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse.

5.Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

【答案】1.這個(gè)國(guó)家曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)和諧的小鎮(zhèn)，所有的生命幾乎和周?chē)沫h(huán)境都和諧相處。

2.政府把國(guó)家大部分的預(yù)算都用于農(nóng)業(yè)，比其他國(guó)家都要多。

3.如果我的廚房里只有十幾個(gè)空氣分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，六個(gè)最冷的分子會(huì)聚集在冰箱里。

4.我們不是要建立一個(gè)美好但是難于管理的全球村，而是建立一個(gè)由獨(dú)立群體組成的世界，這些群體在不干涉他人的情況下迎合自己的喜好。

5.它的目標(biāo)是探究出世界的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，尋求可能存在的規(guī)律，并且滲透到事物之間的聯(lián)系中去——從構(gòu)成所有物質(zhì)的亞核粒子，到生物體，到人類(lèi)社會(huì)群體，甚至整個(gè)宇宙。

21.單選題

Itisthefirsttimethathe（

）theschoolregulation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgoingtoviolate

B.hasviolated

C.violates

D.violated

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是同位語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。Itisthefirsttimethat...這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)于過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的總結(jié)，句意為：這是他第一次違反學(xué)校規(guī)則。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

22.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯(cuò)；誤入某地”；B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會(huì)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byitssustainability.

B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

C.Byitsproductivity.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.localizedpollution

B.competitionfromoverseas

C.theshrinkingoffarmland

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒(méi)有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）因此可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是人們衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的指標(biāo)，A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它的可持續(xù)性正確”。B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它的生產(chǎn)力”；D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”這三項(xiàng)都不是文章認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.（來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使農(nóng)民專(zhuān)業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在這一時(shí)期，食品變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。）也就是說(shuō)這些使農(nóng)民專(zhuān)業(yè)化并且增加產(chǎn)量的手段使得物種生物性減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“局部污染”這個(gè)是原文所沒(méi)有提及的；B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”這個(gè)是造成物種多樣性減少的根本原因，因果顛倒；C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)田的萎縮”原文并沒(méi)有明確提及。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第三句話Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.（例如，我們需要擺脫認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持續(xù)性的想法。）也就是說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)做法并不比新做法具有持續(xù)性，因此C選項(xiàng)“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直保持不變”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們沒(méi)有跟上人口增長(zhǎng)的步伐”，不符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“它們是環(huán)保的”與原文相悖。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句話Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.（所有這些都意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)截然不同。這需要激進(jìn)的思維。）激進(jìn)的思維將會(huì)帶來(lái)根本性的改變，根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它將經(jīng)歷根本性的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它將提供更多的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“它將放棄傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)做法”，原文并沒(méi)有明確的提出說(shuō)是否要放棄傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的做法；D選項(xiàng)“它將對(duì)環(huán)境造成零損害”，這個(gè)是做不到的。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到，Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒(méi)有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）人們忽略了從歷史文化的角度去合理評(píng)價(jià)它；接下來(lái)三段具體分析了人們是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與以前的截然不同，要求人們改變?cè)械霓r(nóng)業(yè)方面的可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想。由此可知，作者主要是為了讓人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)，因此D選項(xiàng)“敦促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)”。A選項(xiàng)“提醒人們可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要”，是片面的信息；B選項(xiàng)“建議確?？沙掷m(xù)糧食生產(chǎn)的方法”，只是文章中有略過(guò)，不是主旨；C選項(xiàng)“提出衡量農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，作者并沒(méi)有提出。

24.單選題

Marry（

）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldn’thavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】句意:瑪麗應(yīng)該沒(méi)有收到我的信，不然她應(yīng)該己經(jīng)給我回信的。

語(yǔ)法題。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由關(guān)鍵信息otherwise(否則)可知“Marrymyletter”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。故選C,couldn’thavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的否定猜測(cè)。

25.單選題

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had,30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstonofinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplants.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswill