2020年上海高考英語一模-松江區(qū)

4.4.A.Crying.B.Talkingloudly.松江區(qū)2019學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語I高三英語I三1=1（滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘）2019.12I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionsyouwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Leavetheerrorsinthepaper.Letthewomanusethetypewriter.Readthenewspaperagain.Checkthepaperformistakes.A.Ittakestimeforhertolearnnewthings.Sheshouldhavebeeninformedearlier.Shewon'tattendthemeeting.Shehasmadepreparationsforthemeeting.A.Americanstudentsarenottalkativeinclass.Beingtalkativeinclassmeansactiveparticipation.ShethinkshighlyofherexperienceintheAmericanschool.Onecanparticipateinclassactivitiesindifferentways.C.WatchingTV.C.WatchingTV.D.Havingawalk.A.Itistheonlypropertyshehas.Herfatheraskedhernottosellit.Sheinheriteditfromherfather.Herfatherhasnowheretoliveaftersellingit.A.Nooneknowshowtogetittowork.Itwonthematchinthecompany.Itissecondtononeincommunication.Itworksmoreefficientlythananyemployee.A.Thefoodcriticdidn'tspeakhighlyofthatrestaurant.Theywaitedalongtimeforthetableatthatrestaurant.ThefoodattherestaurantwasthebestinChinatown.Theyusedtoworkforafoodmagazine.A.Sheistootiredtogoout.Shehastowriteapaper.Shedoesn'tlikecoffee.Shehastogetupearlythenextday.A.Tomshouldhaverealizedhismistakeearlier.Tom'strousersdon'tmatchhisjacket.Tomshouldn'thavehurriedtotheoffice.Tom'stasteinclothescanbeimproved.A.Hehasbeentakenforafool.Hedoesn't(eelateaseinthefirm.Hehasbeengivenabetterposition.Hedoesn'tgetonwellwiththeothers.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.QuestionsIIthrough13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Motorcycleriding.B.Parcelwrapping.C.Languagetraining.D.Basicmanners.A.Hewantedtolearnhowthedeliveryofonlineshoppingruns.Heintendedtoopenadeliverycompanyinthefuture.Hehopedtofullyenjoythecity'sfestiveatmosphere.D.Heneededtheexperienceaspartofhissocialpracticerequirement.A.Packingaheavyload.B.Findingtheway.C.Askingfordirections.D.Ridingonnarrowstreets.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theycansolvesomeofourmostcrucialproblems.Theyleadtomanyexcitingprofessionalcareers.Theyhelpestablishgovernmentandprivatelabs.Theyarethenewapplicationofmathematics.A.Theylearn,makeandanalyzemathematicalmodels.Theyhelpcreatenewbranchesofthescience.Theymakepredictioninfinanceandeconomy.D.Theyworkonthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.A.Theimportanceofresearch.Thenecessityofmodeling.Thestudyofmathematics.Theevolutionofscience.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Achef.B.Anurseassistant.C.Amedicaltranscriptionist.D.Ahousewife,A.Listeningtotheconversationbetweenthedoctorandpatients.B.Writingdownthemedicalreportonthecomputer.C.Findingtheproblemsinthemedicaltreatment.Helpingthedoctortotakecareofpatients.A.Shegetspaideverytwoweeks.B.Shecanexplainittoherson.C.Shecanlearnfromdifferentmedicalcases.Shecanbalanceworkwithdomesticduties.A.Heregardsthejobmeaninglessandlooksdownuponit.B.Heinsiststhatitshouldbedonebythedoctorhimself.C.Heisproudofhismotherandunderstandsherchoice.D.Hefeelssorrythatitisnotpaidaswellashisfather'sjob.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Climbingtheworld'shighestmountaincouldnothavebeenfurtherfromXiaBoyu'smindasa25-year-oldin1974,whentheplayedfortheprovincialsoccerteaminQinghai.ButwhentheChineseMountaineeringAssociationannounceditwaslookingforclimberstojoinanupcomingjourney,Xiaputinanapplicationsothathe(21)atleastgetafreehealthcheck-up.Afterjustafewmonthsoftraining,Xiaandhisfellowclimbersstartedclimbingthe8,848-metremountaininJanuary1975.However,Xiasufferedsuchseverefrostbite(凍傷)afterlendingateammatehissleepingbag(22)herlaterlostbothofhisfeet.Threeyearslater,aforeignexpert(23)(invite)toassessXia'sconditionconcludedthatwithartificiallegs,Xiawouldbeabletowalkagainandevenclimbmountains.Itmadehimdeterminedtochallenge(24)toclimbMountQomolangmaagain.Xiasethimselfademandingschedule,(25)(wake)at5a.m.totrainforfiveorsixhours.Unfortunately,Xiasufferedanothermajorsetbackin1996,whenhe(26)(diagnose)withlymphoma(淋巴瘤).Hehadtoundergoanotherroundofamputation(截肢)，losingpartofhislegs.Itwasnotuntil2014thathewasabletoorganizeateamtomakeanotherattemptatscalingtheworld'shighestmountain.Sadly,histeamarrivedatQomolangmaBaseCamp,onlytobeinformedthatalljourneyshadbeenstopped,followinganavalanche(雪崩)(27)hadkilled16people.TheNepalesegovernmentannouncedabanondouble-amputeeclimbersonQomolongmainDecember2017,butitdidn'tlastlongafteraprotest(28)adisabledsupportgroup.ThatallowedXia,attheageof69,(29)(climb)tothetoponMay14,2018.Thefeeling,however,wasnot(30)hehadimagineditwouldbe.“IhadthoughtwhenIfinallyreachedthesummit,Iwouldshoutittotheworld.Iwoulddoalltheseposesforphotos.Butwhenthemomentarrived,Ijustfeltclam.”Xiasaid.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.approachingB.temporarilyC.decomposesD.alternativeE.primarilyF.recyclableG.inspirationH.involvesI.squeezingJ.minedK.emittedIsitpossibletomakepaperwithouttrees?AustralianbusinessmenKevinGarciaandJonTsespentayearresearchingapossible__31__thatcouldserveasapossiblerawmaterialformakingpaper.ThenGarciareadaboutaTaiwanesecompanymakingcommercialpaperoutofstoneanda（n）__32__struck.Ayearlater,inJuly2017,theylaunchedKarstStonePaper.Thecompanyproducespaperwithoutusingwoodorwater.Theirsourceisstonewaste__33__fromconstructionsitesandotherindustrialwastedumps.“Ifyoulookatthewholeprocessofhowpaperistraditionallymade,it__34__choppingtrees,addingchemicals,usinglotsofwaterandthen__35__,dryingandflatteningitintosheetsofpaper,”saidGarcia.“Itcontributestohighcarbonemissionanddeforestation.”In2019,GarciaestimatesKarst'spaperproductionhashelpedsave540largetimbertrees（成材木）frombeingdeforested,83,100liters（21,953gallons）ofwaterfrombeingusedand25,500kilograms（56,218pounds）ofcarbondioxidefrombeing__36__.“Wecollectdisposedlimestone（石灰石）fromwhereverwecanfindit,washit,andgrinditintofinepowder,”hesaid.ThepowderismixedwithaHDPEresin（高密度聚乙烯樹脂）,which__37__overtimefromsunlight,leavingonlycalciumcarbonate（碳酸鈣）behind.Thepapercanbeasthinasnotebookpaperorasthickasacardboardpaperandiswaterproof,__38__anddifficulttotear.Thenotebookscost$10to$25.Karst'sproductsaremainlysoldthroughthecompany'swebsite,butarealsostockedin100stores,__39__throughoutAustralia,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.“Over70%ofthecustomersareUS-based,”hesaid.Thehopetohavethenotebooksin1,000storesbytheendoftheyear.Garciasaidtheyarenowthinkingabout__40__investorsforthefirsttimeinordertoscaleuptheiroperations.Theydeclinedtorevealhowmuchthecompanymakesortheirannualrevenue.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whenhappenswhentherighttoknowcomesupagainsttherightnottoknow?Thecase--ofgenetictestinghasbroughtthisquestiontolight.Two__41__legalcases-oneinBritain,theotherinGermany-standtoalterthewaymedicineispracticed.BothcasesinvolveHuntington'sdisease（HD）,whose__42__includelossofco-ordinatio（n協(xié)調(diào)）,moodchangesandcognitive（認(rèn)知的）decline.Itdevelopsbetweentheagesof30and50,andiseventuallyfatal.Everychildofan__43__parenthasa50%chanceofinheritingit.IntheBritishcase,__44__fortrialattheHighCourtinLondoninNovember,awomanknownasABC-toprotectthe__45__ofherdaughter,whoisaminor-ischargingaLondonhospital,St.George'sHealthcareNHSTrust,fornot__46__herfather'sdiagnosisofHDwithher.ABCwaspregnantatthetimeofhisdiagnosis,in2009.Shearguesthathadshebeenawareofit,shewouldhavestoppedthepregnancy.Asitwas,shefoundoutonlyaftergivingbirthtoherdaughter.Shelatertested__47__forHD.TheGermancaseisinsomewaysthemirrorimageoftheBritishone.UnlikeinBritain,inGermanytherightnottoknowgeneticinformationisprotectedinlaw.__48__,2011adoctorinformedawomanthatherdivorcedhusband-thedoctor'spatient-hadtestedpositiveforHD.Thismeanttheirtwochildrenwere__49__thedisease.Sheaccusedthedoctor,whohadactedwithhispatient'spermission.Bothchildrenbeingminorsatthetime,theycouldnotlegallybetestedforthedisease,which,asthewoman'slawyerspointedout,iscurrently__50__.Theyarguedthatshewasthereforehelplesstoactontheinformation,and__51__sufferedareactivedepressionthatpreventedherfromworking.Bothcasestestalegalgreyarea.Iftherighttoknowis__52__recognizedinBritainlaterthisyear,thatmyremovesomeuncertainties,butitwillalsocreatenewones.Towhatlengthsshoulddoctorsgototrackdownandinformfamilymembers,__53__?Itisthelaw'sjobto__54__theserightsforthemodernage.Whenthelawfallsbehindtechnology,somebodyoftenpaystheprice,andcurrentlythatsomebodyis__55__.Asthesetwocasesdemonstrate,theyfindthemselvesinadifficultsituation-chargediftheydo,accusedittheydon't.41.A.remarkableB.distinctC.contrastingD.dominant42.A.consequencesB.symptomsC.indicationsD.diagnoses43.A.influencedB.affectedC.inheritedD.annoyed

44.A.scheduledB.determinedC.approvedD.implemented45.A.possessionB.statusC.healthD.identity46.A.revealingB.sharingC.remindingD.concealing47.A.convincedB.suspiciousC.infectedD.positive48.A.NeverthelessB.ThusC.AdditionallyD.Fundamentally49.A.inadvanceofB.inthecourseofC.atthecloseofD.attheriskof50.A.inevitableB.inextinguishableC.incurableD.intolerable51.A.asaresultB.afterallC.aboveallD.inreturn52.A.financiallyB.academicallyC.legallyD.culturally53.A.onoccasionB.bycomparisonC.ineffectD.forexample54.A.reserveB.balanceC.defendD.draft55.A.lawmakersB.victimsC.patientsD.doctorsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmanHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA-ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashionshows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksorart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics（美學(xué)）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill,“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”O(jiān)fcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina,butsomeofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWearetakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays,“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirections,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?Theydobusinessallovertheworld.Theyadmiresupermodels.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.Theyaresettingthefashion.Theunderlinedphrase“takingon”inPpetingagainstB.learningfromC.workingwithD.lookingdownonWhichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

ChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkYoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrendsDifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsBCommentsontheMarchIssueofReader'sDigest40SmartWaystoSaveattheSupermarketYourcautionnottofallforthesalesremindedmeofthedayswhenIwasastockboyatmyneighbourhoodgroceryinthe1950s.Onetime,wegotadeliveryofoff-brandvegetables.Ipricedthemattencentsacan.Idon'tthinkwesoldmorethansiscansuntilIputupasignthatsaid"Special:Ninefor$1."IsetthemoutThursdayevening,andbynoononSaturdaytheyweregone.EDWARDDECKERD,Perryville,MissouriBill'sLast,BestGiftTracyGrant'sarticleresonated（引起共鳴）deeplywithme.Twelveyearsago,myhusband,Don,wasfoundtohaveterminalbraincancer.Ashiscaregiver,l,too,learnedtoappreciatethepeopleandthingsaroundmeandnottosweatthesmallstuff,andinthelongrun,becameamuchbetterperson.Donalsogavemehislast,bestgiftofloveandpeace.ANITALAWRENCE,Diego,CaliforniaTrappedInsideaGlacierReadingaboutJohnAll'sexperienceonMountHimlungwasveryinspiringtome.Amanwith15brokenbonesandbleedinginternallybeingabletoclimbupa70-footwalloficeandsurvivefor18hoursat20,000feetisDishesProfessionalChefsCookintheMicrowaveMicrowavinglivelobstersiscruel.Becauselobstersfeelpain,Switzerlandhasrecentlyoutlawedthepracticeofboilingthemalive.AsimilarlawwaspassedinItaly,whereitisnowillegaltoputlobstersonicebeforecookingthem.Ihopeyouprovideanupdatetoyourstorypromotinghumane（人道的）somethingthatIwouldhavethoughttobeimpossible.Iam16yearsoldandalifelongreader.OutofallthegreatcontentinReadersDigest,storieslikehisaretheonesIenjoythemost.SAMKIEFFER,Richardson,Texaspracticesinsteadofverycruelandviolentones.JANETTOOLE,Phoenixville,PennsylvaniaWhathappenedtoAnitaLawrenceafterherhusband'sdiagnosis?Shefeltverypainful.Shegainedsomelifelessons.Shepaidmoreattentiontoherownhealth.Sheshoweddeepsympathyforherhusband.AccordingtoSainKieffer'sletter,whatcanwelearnaboutJohnAll?Heisanexpertinmountaineering.HewrotethearticleentitledTrappedInsideaGlacier.Fewpeoplecouldsurviveinthesamesituationashedid.D.HisstoryisthebestonethatSamKiefferhaseverreadinReadersDigest.Inherletter.JanetToolequotedtwoexamplesofSwitzerlandandItalyinordertoadvisechefstostopcookinglivelobstersshowhowcruelitistocooklobstersliveC.raisechefs'awarenessofprotectanimalssharewithreadersthesecountries'lawsregardingcookingThenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,pure,unprejudiced,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemere:itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.ThisisaveryimportantassignmentfacingAmericanjournalists一tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas"local”news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninthefinancialmarket,politicalcircles,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyoustartaninterpretation,youareenteringdangerouswaters,therushingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshalllimitthemselvestothe“facts".Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Arethebarefactsenough?Asforthefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storyconicsabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspacebeingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallmakeupthebeginningofthearticle,whichisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thentherighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeinfluence,oronpagetwentyfour,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.Thusinthepresentationofaso-called“factual”or''objective”,story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichreportersandeditors,callingupontheirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism",arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arcbothobjectiveandsubjectiveprocesses.Ifaneditorisdeterminedtogiveaprejudicedviewofthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatsupporthisparticularviewpoint.Orhecandoitbytheplacehegivesastory一promotingittopageoneordraggingittopagethirty.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Ifareportermakesclearthefactshewrites,hewillnodoubtgetintotrouble.Journalistsmustselectfactsobjectivelytomakecurrenteventscleartothereaders.ThemostimportanttaskofreportersisIoprovideunprejudicedfactsforthereaders.Forreporters,interpretationoffactsisnolessimportantthanpresentationofthefacts.Thebeginningofthearticleshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause.ItwillinfluencethereadertocontinueMostreadersreadonlythefirstparagraphItdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriterIt'sthebestwaytowriteaccordingtotheschoolsofjournalismWhereastoryispresentedinanewspapershows.A.theeditor'sprejudicethereporter'sbackgroundthestory'sfactualmatterthestory'seffectonthereadersWhichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor'sattitudetowardobjectiveness?A.Objectivenessiscontrolledbyeditorsratherthanwriters.Properlychoosingfactspreparesasolidgroundforobjectiveness.Hedoesn'tthinkthereexistscompleteobjectivenessinnewswriting.Tomakeclearthenewsisawaytobeobjectiveandresponsibleforthereaders.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanheusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.There'snowaitingforitandnocountingofcash.Thesystemisimpressivelysimpleandsecure.Securityisnothingtoworryaboutwiththeprocedures.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.However,somepeopledoubtwhatmembersofacashlesssocietywilldowhenthepowergoesoff.Privacysecurityandconvenienceareallimportantfactorsintheadoptionofelectronicpaymenttechnology.Whenherollsintoagasstationtofillhistank,BarkhadDahirdoesn'tgetoutofhiscar.Hepushesafewbuttonsonhiscellphoneandwithinsecondshehaspaidforthefuel.Withthesamequickpushesonhisphonehepaysforalmosteverythingheneeds.Electronicpaymentsofferconsumersconvenience,provideprofitsforbanks,creditcardcompaniesandpaymentprocessorsandoffermerchantsimprovedcashflowandconvenience."Ihaven'tseencashforalongtime.Almosteverymerchantevenhawke（小販）onthestreetacceptspaymentbycellphone.67."saysAdanAbokora,ademocracyactivist.Purchasesaremadebydialingathree-digitnumber,enteringafour-digitPINandthenenteringtheretailer'spaymentnumberandtheamountofmoney.Bothcustomersandmerchantsreceivetextmessagestoconfirmthepayment.68.Forinstance,theprintingandhandlingofmoneyisexpensive.Cashpaymentscanbeanonymous（匿名的）anditishardtotrackcriminalactivitiesconductedinsecret.Manygovernmentsfavorreducingcashdealingsinordertobettermonitorandunderstandtheactivitiesoftheircitizens.TheSwedishgovernmenthasbeendiscussingtheremovingofcashsince2010.69.Dotheychoosetorob?Dotheysitathomeandwait?WhathappenstopeoplewhorelyontheircellphonestoprocessmoneydealingswhencellserviceandtheInternetareinterrupted?Aworldaffectedbyterrorismandincreasinglyviolentweathermaynotyetbereadytoabandoncurrency."Otherpeopletearthatelectronicpaymentsmaycreatesecurityrisksandenabledealingstobetrackedandreported.70.Newtechnologieswhichbalanceandaddressthesefactorsmayenablepeopletoremovecash.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ItgoeswithoutsayingthatthelanguagespokenbythemajorityofBritishpeoplehasthesamenameasthelanguagespokenbymostcitizensoftheU.S.A.Nonetheless,quiteapartfromwell-documentedlexical（詞匯的）differences-pavement/sidewalk,lift/elevator,etc.一therearestillsomewordsandphraseswhichcancauseconfusionandmisunderstandingbetweenspeakersofthetwodifferentforms.That'swhysonicpeoplesaythatGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesarenationsseparatedbyacommonlanguage.Therearepracticalreasonsforthis.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedinwhatwenowcallAmerica,thelanguagetheyspokewasnaturallythesameasthatspokenbytheircompatriots（同胞）ontheothersideoftheAtlanticOcean.However,theyimmediatelysawthingswhichdidn'texistinEurope,oftenitemsusedandmadebyNativeAmericans,suchascanoesandmoccasinsandcreaturessuchasbuffalo.TheyalsopickedupwordswhichtheyheardbeingusedbyotherEuropeanimmigrants.Theword"boss”,forexample,wasusedbysettlersfromHollandinNewYorkillthemid-17thcentury.ItcomesfromtheDutchword"baas'"whichmeansmaster.Theword"cookie"alsocomesfromtheDutch"koekje”.Therearemanywords,phrasesandeveng