考研考博-英語-三亞理工職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三亞理工職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.問答題

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).

【答案】試題答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意為“使相信，說服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb.beconvincedthat...本句為：you...becomeconvincedthat...

2.單選題

Negativedatasurpriseshaveforcedmanytodowngradetheirforecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications,especiallyintheUS.

問題1選項

A.reject

B.reduce

C.reform

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項reject“拒絕；排斥；抵制”；B選項reduce“減少；降低”；C選項reform“改革；革新”；D選項reserve“儲備；保留；預(yù)約”。句意：出人意料的負(fù)面數(shù)據(jù)迫使許多人……了對增長和政策影響的預(yù)測，尤其是在美國。由邏輯關(guān)系可知，主語Negativedatasurprises“出人意料的負(fù)面數(shù)據(jù)”會降低人們forecastsforgrowthandpolicyimplications“對增長和政策影響的預(yù)測”。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

問題1選項

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項premise“前提，假定”；B選項pretext“借口，托詞”；C選項foundation“地基，基礎(chǔ)”；D選項presentation“提交，展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意：從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā)，這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。

4.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

5.單選題

Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.

問題1選項

A.classification

B.variety

C.density

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】詞匯題。variety變種,

多樣,

種種；classification分類,

類別,

級別；density

稠密,

密度；diversion轉(zhuǎn)移,

消遣。根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)該是生命的多樣性。選項B正確。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生命的顯著多樣性啟發(fā)了查爾斯·達(dá)爾文建立了他的進(jìn)化論。

6.不定項選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問題2選項

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問題3選項

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問題4選項

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問題5選項

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來了哪些變化？選項A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項B“手工業(yè)工會的出現(xiàn)”；選項C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項A和選項B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項C錯誤；故正確答案為選項D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過時的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來猜測這個單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會發(fā)展而來的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個地方的能源利用最高效？選項A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項C“銀行業(yè)”；選項D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者暗示什么，選項A“工會制度更加高效”；選項B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會制度”；選項D“家庭手工制不如工會制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個陳述是不對的？選項A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項B。

7.翻譯題

1.中國是世界上的發(fā)明大國，但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室，歸根結(jié)底是資金問題。

2.當(dāng)然我們還應(yīng)該充分意識到，大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力，而是來自于人類對大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。

3.他飲他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界：自我安定。

4.自幼來自農(nóng)村且深受“誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的醫(yī)學(xué)和研究生教育把學(xué)生禁閉在黑暗的房間里，使他們成為被強(qiáng)迫灌輸信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

8.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問題1選項

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項overlap“與…重疊”；B選項overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長”；D選項flutter“飄動，飛來飛去”。句意：如果你進(jìn)入一個充滿水的浴缸，水將會溢出到地板上。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

問題1選項

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

問題2選項

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

問題3選項

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

問題4選項

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

問題5選項

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音樂是我們喜歡聽的令人愉悅的所有聲音。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我們中有許多人曾經(jīng)歷過一段沒有電視的日子。他們會告訴我們,生活并沒有多大的不同。收音機(jī)可能也是如此。所以選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我們無法想象一個沒有音樂的世界,因?yàn)槲覀儫o時無刻不被像鳥兒的歌唱和風(fēng)的呼嘯這樣悅耳的聲音環(huán)繞著。也就是說我們的環(huán)境中存在著令人愉快的聲音。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”沒有知識的傳播，沒有讀書帶來的樂趣，這將是一個黑暗并且不令人滿意的世界。bleakandcold陰暗寒冷；averysorryworld悲慘的世界；dreadfullyunsatisfying令人極度不滿意的；darkanddull黑暗沉悶的。選項C更接近原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”當(dāng)我們失去了音樂，我們也失去了內(nèi)心深處的一種表達(dá)——來自靈魂的表達(dá)。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.單選題

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

問題1選項

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相識；了解”；accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”；access“進(jìn)入；通道；有使用權(quán)”，與介詞to搭配；acquisition“獲得物，獲得”。句意：這套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的目的是為了讓學(xué)生能快速并且容易使用圖書館資源。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Wehad（）wonderfultime（）theparty（）otherday.

問題1選項

A.a,on,the

B./,at,on

C.a,at,the

D./,on,/

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前幾天，我在聚會上玩得很開心。

考查固定搭配。haveawonderfultime玩得開心。atparty在聚會上。theotherday前幾天。

12.單選題

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

問題1選項

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

問題2選項

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

問題3選項

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

問題4選項

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

問題5選項

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...這些城市沒有因?yàn)榉侵抟崦绹说倪w入而失去了美國白人。更準(zhǔn)確地不如說美國人是一個高度迀移的群體······”可知C選項“美國人遷移的本性”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！笨芍狝項“權(quán)力比人民更重要”正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明顯的是這些巨大的城市貧困區(qū)是由那一個政黨造成并保持的。”和“WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.讓芝加哥黑人子機(jī)構(gòu)成為可能的是芝加哥已有一個民主黨機(jī)構(gòu)。開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！钡膶?yīng)可推知A項“對少數(shù)民族進(jìn)行種族隔離”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他們（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美國人，他們被期待去將自己的選票投給民主黨。大多數(shù)美國人不知曉芝加哥是黑人政治中心?！笨芍狟選項“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題目詢問“美國城市殖民主義是······的結(jié)果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.沒有人懷疑這種種族隔離（即‘Americanurbancolonies美國城市殖民地’現(xiàn)象）被有意地進(jìn)行，但是認(rèn)識到它不是由芝加哥（其從未有過奴隸）居民的種族主義態(tài)度而是由執(zhí)政的政治精英造成的卻很重要?！笨芍狟項“對少數(shù)民族的種族隔離”正確。

13.單選題

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they______theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

問題1選項

A.attested

B.reportedon

C.disdainfor

D.consentto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞及詞組辨析。A項attest“證明，證實(shí)”，B項reporton“報告，匯報，就……作報告”，C項disdainfor“蔑視，鄙視”，D項consentto“同意，答應(yīng)”。由despite可知，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句的意思是“盡管這兩名委員會成員屬于不同的政黨”，那么可以推測they______theissue的意思應(yīng)該是“但是他們都同意這個事情”，D項符合。句意：盡管這兩名委員會成員屬于不同的政黨，但他們同意如何為城鎮(zhèn)債務(wù)融資的問題。因此，該題選擇D項。

14.單選題/