2022屆高考英語語法精講精練微專題現(xiàn)在分詞【含答案】

2022屆英語語法精講精練微專題（現(xiàn)在分詞）考點清單一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語要點精講：1.現(xiàn)在分詞可以作時間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果狀語，強調(diào)與句子主語之間主動關(guān)系；2.現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示與謂語動詞（幾乎）同時發(fā)生；havingdone則表示該動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生。例1：Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

（作時間狀語，相當于Whenshesawthosepictures）例2：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.（作原因狀語，相當于Ashewasill）例3：Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.（作伴隨狀語，相當于HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.）例4：Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.（作結(jié)果狀語，相當于andleft…）例5：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.（作時間狀語，先回信后閱讀）【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.2.Hewasbusywritingastory,only(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.3.(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.【答案與解析】1.Finding。find與句子主語之間主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是Finding。2.stopping。stop與句子主語之間主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。注意不要受onlytodo影響，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果。故答案是stopping。3.Havingbeenasked。結(jié)合語境“要求加班”是被動的，且已經(jīng)發(fā)生的，故用havingbeendone。故答案是Havingbeenasked?？键c清單二、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語要點精講：1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示一個正在進行的動作；havingdone不能作定語；2.單個分詞作名詞前置定語；分詞短語作后置定語。例6：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.（現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語）例7：Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語）【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。4.---Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?---Agroup(call)itselftheLeagueofPeace.5.Themuseum(build)nowwillbeopentothepublicinsixmonths.6.Theoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery(frighten).7.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.【答案與解析】4.calling。本題itself是關(guān)鍵，若沒有itself，答案是called。故答案是calling。5.beingbuilt?！敖ㄔ臁边@一動作正在進行，又是被動行為，應(yīng)用beingdone作定語。故答案是beingbuilt。6.frightening;frightened?，F(xiàn)在分詞演化成形容詞，表示“令人……”，過去分詞演化成形容詞，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening;frightened。7.weighing。weigh,measure表示物體重量、高度等概念時，不能用被動形式。故答案是weighing?？键c清單三、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語要點精講1：觀感使役類動詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞表示“看見/聽見……某人正在做某事”?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。例8：Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.例9：It'swrongtoleavethemachinerunning.例10：IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbythelittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.8.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindanumberofthings___________________________(steal/miss/go/lose)9.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.10.Themissingboywaslastseen(play)neartheEastLake.【答案與解析】8.stolen/missing/lost。bestolen/missing/lost是習(xí)慣用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。9.winding。windone’sway表示“蜿蜒行進”，結(jié)合語境這是noticesbdoingsth句型。故答案是winding。10.playing。last是關(guān)鍵：失蹤的孩子最后一次有人見他在東湖邊玩耍。故答案是playing。要點精講2：用于“with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”，表示一個主動的、正在進行的動作。省略with后構(gòu)成的“名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。例11：Istoodbeforeherwithmyheartbeatingfast.例12：Timepermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.11.Withtheboy__________(lead)theway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest.12.Thecoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog(follow)them.13.It___________(be)Sunday,wewentcampingandhadanicetime.14.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather(permit).【答案與解析】11.leading。withsbdoing強調(diào)賓語和賓部之間的主動關(guān)系，故答案是leading。12.following。withsbdoing強調(diào)賓語和賓部之間的主動關(guān)系，故答案是following。13.being。ItbeingSunday構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于AsitwasSunday。故答案是being。14.permitting。weatherpermitting構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于Ifweatherpermits。故答案是permitting?？键c清單四、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語要點精講：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，放在系動詞之后，說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況，常翻譯為“令人……”。例13：Thenewsthatourteamhadwonwasveryinspiring.例14：Yourideasoundsveryinteresting.【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。15.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.【答案與解析】15.moving;moved。該句意為：這個故事如此感人以至于我都感動落淚了。故答案是moving;moved?？键c清單五、狀語從句省略要點精講：1.如果狀語從句主語是itis或者主從句主語一致且含有be動詞時，省略主語和be動詞。2.連接詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示與主語之間主動關(guān)系；連接詞+現(xiàn)在分詞表示與主語之間被動關(guān)系。例15：Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.例16：Whenaskingforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。16.Though____________(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.17.Though(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.18.Icouldn’tfindmykeytothecarwhen(leave)home.19.While(wait)forabus,IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacher.【答案與解析】16.surprised。原句可還原為Thoughhewassurprised。故答案是surprised。17.lacking。lack與句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是lacking。18.leaving。leave與句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是leaving。19.waiting。wait與句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故答案是waiting?？键c清單六、現(xiàn)在分詞短語作插入語要點精講：英語中g(shù)enerallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,considering等可以視作插入語，其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致。例17：Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.例18：Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。20._________(talk)oftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?21.(judge)fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.【答案與解析】20.Talking。Talkingof表示“談到，說到”，可以視作插入語，其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致。故答案是Talking。21.Judging。Judgingfrom…表示“根據(jù)……判斷”，可以視作插入語，其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致。故答案是Judging?？键c清單七、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式、完成式和否定式（以動詞find為例）內(nèi)容主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)否定式一般式findingbeingfoundnotfinding完成式havingfoundhavingbeenfoundnothavingfound例19：Nothavingreceivedherreply,Idecidedtowritetoheragain.例20：HavingspentthepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.【即時訓(xùn)練】用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。22.(know)whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.23.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit_____________(perform)liveisquiteanother.24._________________(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.25.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.【答案與解析】22.Notknowing。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞否定形式。故答案是Notknowing。23.beingperformed。結(jié)合語境“聽到音樂現(xiàn)場被演奏”強調(diào)正在進行。故答案是beingperformed。24.Havingworked。work與句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，且“工作兩天”發(fā)生在“按時完成報告”之前，應(yīng)用完成式。故答案是hasgiven。25.moving。結(jié)合語境notmoving短語作伴隨狀語，故答案是moving。好題再練（一）高考真題試卷用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.(新高考全國卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(ache)legs.2.(天津卷改編)China'sNationalHighway318,________(extend)over5,000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe"heavenlyroad“foritsamazingviews.3.(浙江卷)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople___________(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4.(全國II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth_________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.5.(全國III卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.6.(浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,___________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.7.(全國III卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.8.(全國II卷)Whenwegotacall__________(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.9.(北京卷)Nervously_________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.(2018?江蘇卷改編)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000ing5.surrounding6.making7.listening8.saying9.facing10.exceeding好題再練（二）模擬試題用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。11.(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.12.Themeeting________(be)over,Ifoundherseatedatthedeskand___________(listen)tomusic.13.______________(consider)thattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.14.(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.15.While_________(speak)toforeigners,youmusttryyourbesttomakeyourself_____________(understand).16.Withnocentralgovernment,theislandwasruledbykings,each______________(control)adifferentregionofthecountry.17.Ourcar________________(develop)enginetrouble,westoppedforthenightataroadsiderestarea.18.Themeetingyesterday/now/(hold)tomorrowissignificant.19.Chinaisa______________(develop)country______________(belong)totheThirdWorld.20.Themanager,(make)itclearthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.11.Havingeaten12.being;listening13.Considering14.Basing15.speaking;understood16.controlling17.havingdeveloped18.held;beingheld;tobeheld19.developing;belonging20.havingmade好題再練（三）單句改錯下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并糾正。21.(全國II卷)All