英語中介詞的用法

英語中介詞的用法英語中介詞的用法英語中介詞的用法英語中介詞的用法編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:介詞的用法

一、表示時間日期的介詞

1．

at：主要表示方向、場所、時間的某一點

at

the

corner

of

the

street，at

dinner，at

sixty

miles

an

hour，be

sold

at

three

yuan

a

dozen，come

at

us

固定搭配：

at

one

time，at

the

beginning

of，at

the

post

office，at

the

airport，

at

the

weekend，at

the

age

of

25，at

the

same

time，

at

present，at

any

time，表示原因，表示“見/聞……而”。

at

the

news

at

主要表示時間點

表示特定的時間

at

night

.

在九點鐘

表示不確定的時間

at

night,

at

that

time,

at

Christmas在圣誕期間

當天

on

表示年齡段

at

the

age

of

eight

在8歲

2．

in：表示場所、時間與期限、狀況、方向。主要用來表示較長的時間單位，如月份、季節(jié)、年份等

in

the

1990s

in

the

late

19th

century

形成“in+時段名詞”的詞組或固定搭配

in

those

days，in

the

daytime，in

a

short

while，in

no

time，in

time

.in

主要表示時間段

一般指相對較長的時間段里

in

the

morning,

in

spring,

in

the

past

ten

years

在…時間之后，用于將來時

He

will

be

back

in

a

month.

介詞in在短語或句型中的省略：

1)

某些形容詞/過去分詞后接v-ing形式時，v-ing形式前的介詞in可以省略。

be

busy

(in)

doing

be

engaged

(in)

doing

（忙于……）

2)

某些動詞如busy等，常與反身代詞連用，其后的in也可以省略。

busy

oneself

(in)

doing

3)

某些動詞如spend、pass、waste等與表示時間的名詞連用，后面的介詞也可以省略。

spend

time

(in)

doing

waste

time

(in)

doing

4)

在have

no

difficulty

in

doing

sth.、have

no

trouble

in

doing

sth.、have

no

business

in

doing

sth.等句型中介詞也可以省略。

5)

在句型There

is

no

use

(in)doing

sth.中，介詞也可省略。

固定搭配：in

the

world，in

(the)future，in

the

snow

/rain

/

storm，in

ink，in

short，in

public，

in

one’s

opinion，in

modern

times，in

surprise，in

a

queue，in

the

open

air

3．

on：主要表示在上面、根據(jù)或基礎、有關或涉及的方面、表示某天。

固定搭配：on

doing

sth.，on

the

afternoon

of

October，on

Tuesday

evening，on

foot，hit

sb.

on

the

head，on

the

right/

left，on

fire，on

duty，on

sale，on

the

radio，

on

show，on

earth，on

one’s

own

注意：一般帶有宗教色彩的節(jié)日名詞前面用at，如圣誕節(jié)。

一般的節(jié)日名詞前用on。

on

主要指具體某一天

表示是具體的日期和星期

on

Monday,

on

October

1st,1949.

on

my

birthday

某一天特定的上午下午或半夜

on

the

night

of

December

31,1999.

on

a

fine

day

在第幾天

on

her

first

day

to

school,

on

the

tenth

day

I

was

in

Beijing.

4．

by主要表示接近、時限、動作的執(zhí)行者、方式。

固定搭配：by

the

village，

by

oneself，by

foot(=on

foot)，by

hand，learn

…

by

heart，

二、表示地點，方位的介詞

5．

for主要表示目的、原因、交換值以及時間和距離的長度。

固定搭配：make

sth.

for

sb.，

thank

sb.

for

sth.，

for

example，

for

sale，for

free，

for

表示一段時間

表示一件事延續(xù)的長短,一般接具體的時間

I

have

lived

in

Nanjing

for

2

years.

6．

of表示部分與全體的關系、所有關系、來源和所用的材料。

of所有格表示的多種關系：

1）

從屬關系：the

wheel

of

the

car

2）

局部----整體關系：some

of

the

water

3）

量化關系：a

cup

of

tea4）

描述關系：a

professor

of

learning（知識豐富的教授）

5）

同位關系：

the

city

of

Beijing

6）

動賓關系：the

study

of

the

map（研究地圖）

7）

主謂關系：the

determination

of

the

workers（工人們的決心）

固定搭配：

be

fond

of，make

fun

of，be

tired

of，of

one’s

own，instead

of，

7．

to

主要表示方向、程度、結(jié)果、關系和位置。

固定搭配to

one’s

surprise

/

joy/

astonishment，to

the

east

of，key

to…，come

up

to，add

up

to，be

open

to

the

public，

thanks

to，

stick

to，refer

to

表示一段時間

在…期間內(nèi)，強調(diào)在此期間內(nèi)發(fā)生了什么事y

I

studied

in

this

university

for

4

years,

during

that

time

most

of

my

time

was

spent

in

learning

English.

可接表示時間延續(xù)一段時間的名詞

during

my

visit

to

China,

during

my

holiday

與to,

till連用

Most

people

work

from

nine

to

five.

多數(shù)人過著朝九晚五的生活

，since+時間點

從那一刻起，與現(xiàn)在完成與過去完成時連用

He

has

been

here

since

last

Sunday.

自從上星期天起，她就在這里

四、

容易錯、?？嫉慕樵~及搭配

1．

be

made

of，be

made

from，be

made

into，be

made

in

2．

call

on

=

visit，call

for

=

go

and

pick

up

3．

on

business

（出差）/

strike（）罷工

/

duty（值日）

/

holiday

/

fire

/

vacation

/

watch（警戒）

/

sale（出售）

/

leave（請假）

/

guard（警戒）

4．

have

some

trouble

/

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth.，have

a

habit

/

idea

/

plan

of

doing

sth.5．

A

is

pleased

to

B，B

is

pleased

with

A（對……感到滿意）7．

with

the

help

of，under

the

leadership

of

8．

by

means

of（使用），by

way

of（經(jīng)由），by

heart（記?。琤y

the

way

9．

out

of

question（毫無疑問），out

of

the

question（毫不可能）

10．

prevent

/

stop

/

keep

sb.

from

doing

sth.

11．

be

thankful

to

sb.

for

sth.

12．

steal

sth.

from

sb.，rob

sb.

of

sth.

13．

insist

on

doing

sth.，persist

in

doing

sth.，stick

to，go

on

doing

sth.

14．

set

about

doing

sth.，set

out

to

do

sth.

15．

look

sb.

in

the

face，hit

sb.

on

the

face，lead

the

cow

by

the

nose

16．

do

a

favour

for

sb.

=

do

sb.

a

favour

五、

介詞的慣用型

1．

above

all（首先），after

all，at

all（全然），in

all

2．

day

after

day，year

after

year，one

after

one，one

after

another

3．

at

peace（和平），at

war（戰(zhàn)爭），at

times（時常），at

dinner

4．

by

oneself，by

all

means（盡一切辦法、務必），by

chance，by

accident，

by

no

means（決不、并沒有），by

means

of（用、依靠）

，by

the

way

5．

in

her

teens（十幾歲），in

pain，in

danger，in

need

6．

to

one’s

joy

/

sorrow

/

surprise

7．

with

care（仔細地），with

joy

/

pleasure（高興地），with

one’s

help，

with

the

best

wishes（致以我們良好的祝愿），without

difficulty（毫不困難地），without

exception（毫不例外），without

delay（立即、馬上）

8．

according

to（依據(jù)），along

with（和……一起），as

to（至于……），because

of，except

for（除……之外），instead

of（代替）9．

out

of

order（不正常），out

of

date，out

of

trouble（脫離困境），out

of

sight，

out

of

debt（還清了債務），out

of

touch（沒有聯(lián)系）

10．

at

the

bottom

of，at

the

centre

of，at

the

end

of，at

the

top

of，

at

the

cost

of（以……為代價）at

the

sight

of，at

the

thought

of，at

a

speed

of11．

in

memory

of（紀念），in

favour

of（同意），in

the

habit

of（有……習慣），in

touch

with（與……保持聯(lián)系），on

the

left

of，on

the

eve

of（在……前夕）

2．

from

time

to

time（不時地），

from

day

to

day（天天），

from

hand

to

hand（一個傳一個），from

side

to

side（左右地），from

car

to

car（一個車廂一個車廂地），from

bad

to

worse（越來越差），from

beginning

to

end（從頭到尾），from

hand

to

mouth（僅能糊口），from

head

to

foot，from

start

to

finish，from

one

to

another

六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表達方法

1）in

+文字、語言、材料名詞

in

English

(ink,

pencil,

capital

letters)

write

in

pen,

用鋼筆寫

speak

in

a

low

voice

小聲說話

2）

with

+工具、機器；人體器官；情緒、情感、態(tài)度的名詞

with

a

branch,

with

one’s

nose,

with

pride,

with

satisfaction,

with

the

help

of,

with

one’s

permission

We

can

see

with

our

eyes

and

write

with

our

hands.

I

killed

a

fly

with

a

fly

flap.

我用蒼蠅拍打死了一只蒼蠅

3）

by

表示泛指的方式、手段

by

bus,

by

land,

by

means

of（用……方法）,

by

way

of（經(jīng)由）

,

by

doing

sth.,

by

hand（手工）,

by

post（由郵局傳遞）,

by

letter（用寫信的方式）,

by

electricity,

by

hard

work,

by

the

year,

by

the

hour（by

+

the

+

單位名詞）

按……

4）

其它表示方式（情況、狀況、手段）的表示法

through

the

radio

/

by

radio

/

on

the

radio,

through

/

by

/

from

practice,

by

telephone

(on

the

telephone),

on

foot,

on

the

train,

in

satisfaction,

in

surprise,

in

silence,

in

a

low

voice,

in

comfort,

in

sorrow,

in

high

/

good

/

poor

spirits,

in

anger,

in

safety,

in

debt,

in

good

order,

in

good

/

poor

health,

in

tears,

in

use,

in

pain,

七、

注意：某些名詞和介詞的固定搭配

1）

要求to：key,

answer,

visit,

apology,

introduction

以to為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納

belong

to,

come

to（蘇醒）,

look

forward

to,

lead

to,

stick

to,

refer

to,

turn

to,

drink

to（為……干杯）,

object

to（反對）,

reply

to

the

letter,

help

oneself

to,

sing

/

dance

to

the

music（和著……在……聲中唱/跳）,

devote

oneself

to

2）

要求in：interest,

satisfaction

3）以for為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納

ask

for,

call

for（去接某人）,

care

for（關心）,

go

in

for（從事）,

answer

for（對……負責）,

send

for,

pay

for,

praise

sb.

for（贊揚某人某事）,

head

for（向……方向移動）,

search

for,

take

…

for

…（誤以為）,

leave

for,

prepare

for（為……準備）,

thank

sb.

for,

make

a

dive

for（向……猛沖）,

make

up

for（彌補……損失）

4）以on為中心構(gòu)成短語的歸納

come

on來吧,

call

on拜訪,

pass

on傳遞,

carry

on進行下去,

live

on

sth.靠……生活,

depend

on依靠,

have

on穿著,

have

pity

on同情,

look

on

…

as

…把……看作,

push

on推動,

spy

on窺探,

switch

/

turn

on旋開,

wait

on服侍,

walk

on繼續(xù)走,

spend…on

…在……上花費時間、金錢,

operate

on給……動手術,

take

on

a

new

look呈現(xiàn)新面貌八、

某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配

1）

be

afraid

of

擔心

be

afraid

for替……而擔心

2）

be

angry

about

/

at

sth.因……而生氣

be

angry

with

sb.對……某人發(fā)怒3）

be

anxious

for

sth.渴望

be

anxious

about

sth.

/

sb.擔心

4）

be

different

from

與……不同

be

indifferent

to

…

……不關心

5）

be

good

at

…擅長

be

good

for

…對……有益

be

good

of

sb.

to

do

sth.友好6）

be

strict

with

sb.對……嚴格

be

strict

in

sth.

7）

be

popular

with

sb.受到……歡迎

be

popular

in

some

place流行在

……be

popular

for因……而流行

8）

be

pleased

with

+

n.或what從句；be

pleased

at

+抽象名詞

聽、看到而高興

9）

be

disappointed

at

sth.

；be

disappointed

with

sb.對……失望

10）

be

known

to

sb.

；be

known

with

+

n.或從句

；be

known

for因……而著名11）

be

absent

from缺席

12）

be

devoted

to

…獻身于……

13）

be

open

to

…對……開放

14）

be

poor

/

clever

/

expert

at

…

15）

be

sorry

for

…替/為……后悔

16）

be

rich

in

…

be

interested

in

…

17）

be

proud

of

(take

pride

in)

18）

be

satisfied

with

/

by

…

be

sure

of

/

about

…

19）

be

fond

of,

be

fit

for,

be

busy

with

sth.

(in

doing

sth.)

20）

be

late

for,

be

ready

for

21）

be

similar

to

…

；be

wrong

with

…

九、吊尾介詞

1）

某些形容詞后接不及物動詞或“V+介”型短語動詞的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介詞。

A)

fit,

easy,

hard,

good,

difficult,

comfortable,

heavy等形容后，常用吊尾介詞。

.

The

girl

is

easy

to

get

along

with.

B)

be

worth

doing,

be

worthy

of

being

done,

be

worthy

to

be

done,

want

/

require

/

need

doing表反射，常用吊尾介詞。

.

The

problem

is

worth

dealing

with.

The

book

is

worthy

of

being

referred

to.

2）

不及物動詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對象、場所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意義的名詞時常帶吊尾介詞。

.

There

is

nothing

for

us

to

worry

about.

a

room

to

live

in

3）

定語從句中，先行詞被一個不及物動詞所修飾，則不及物動詞后要帶介詞，先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語動詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。

.

He

is

the

very

man

I

just

spoke

to.

This

is

the

life

he

is

used

to.

4）

以what，whose，who，whatever等引導的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。

.

I

don’t

know

what

you

do

it

for.

5）

強調(diào)句型和特殊疑問句中由于被強調(diào)部分和疑問詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時，特殊疑問句常用省簡結(jié)構(gòu)。

.

It

is

the

poor

boy

that

we

gave

the

books

to.

What

for（為什么）Where

to（去哪兒）Who

with（和誰去）

6）

被動語態(tài)中“V+介”短語常用吊尾介詞。

.

He

was

listened

to

come

here.

He

has

never

been

spoken

to

in

this

way.

十常用介詞辨異

1．

about,

on,

of

關于

on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場合。常見于“學術上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀，有“論及”之意。

about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有“述及”之意。

of作“關于”講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時與about意義相近，但有時意義很不同，常與動詞know、hear、learn（聽說）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。

2.

at,

on,

in(表時間)

:

at表示時間的一點；in表示一個時期；on表示特殊日子

A.

at后常接幾點幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。如：

at

five

o’clock

（五點），at

down

（黎明），at

daybreak

（天亮），at

sunrise

（日

出）,

at

noon

（中午），at

sunset

（日落），at

midnight

（半夜），at

the

beginning

of

the

month

（月初），

at

that

time

（那時），at

that

moment

（那會兒），at

this

time

of

day

（在一天的這個時候）。

B.

in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀等。如：

in

2006（2006年），in

May，2004

（2004年五月），in

the

morning

（早晨/上午），in

the

afternoon

（下午），in

the

evening

（晚上），in

the

night

（夜晚），in

the

daytime

（白天），in

the

21st

century

（21世紀），in

three

days

（weeks/month）三天（周/個月），in

a

week

（一周），in

spring

（春季）。

C.

on后跟某日，星期幾，某日的朝夕，節(jié)日等,即具體某一天極其早\中、晚.

on

Sunday

（星期日），on

a

warm

morning

in

April

（四月的一個溫暖的上午），on

a

December

night

（12月的一個夜晚），on

that

afternoon

（那天下午），on

the

following

night

（下一個晚上），on

Christmas

afternoon

（圣誕節(jié)下午），on

October

1，1949

（1949年10月1日），on

New

Year’s

Day.

(特別提示):

在last,

next,

this,

that,

some,

every

等詞之前一律不用介詞

at,

in

in一般表示較大的地方

at表示較小的地方

at

home,

at

school,

at

the

bus

stop,

at

the

doctor's，

in

a

country,

in

a

town,

in

the

street,

3.

between,

among(表位置)

“在…..之間”

A.

between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時，也可用between,

如

：

I’m

sitting

between

Tom

and

Alice.

The

village

lies

between

three

hills.

B.

among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：

He

is

the

best

among

the

students.

4.

except,

except

for,

except

that,

but,

besides,

beside

except“除……之外”，指不包括……，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語、副詞和動詞不定式，此時相當于but，但不定式常不帶to。

except

for“除了，只有”，意思和except一樣，主要指說明基本情況后，而在細節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語。

except

that“除了，只是”，意思和except、except

for一樣。但在用法上，主要指其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導的其它從句。

but所含“除……外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞）之后。

besides表示“除……外還有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當于also，有“而且，加之，何況”之意。

beside也是介詞，表示“在附近”，只不過形似besides，容易相互混淆。

【對比】如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語時，就用except，否則就用except

for。

book

has

no

blunder

except

a

few

mistakes.

This

book

is

interesting

except

for

a

few

mistakes.（前面無同類詞語）

Every

one

of

us,

except

him,

went

to

see

the

exhibition.

5.

in

the

tree,

on

the

tree

in

the

tree

,指動物或人等外來的東西在樹上，

on

the

tree

,指果實或葉子等樹本身長出來的東西

6.

on

the

way,

by

the

way,

in

this

way

on

the

way

指在路上,

on

one’s

way

to

.....

by

the

way

指順便問一句

in

this

way

用這樣的方法

,

in

that

way

,

in

other

way,

in

these

ways

7.

by

bus,

on

the

bus

by

bus

是一般說法,

固定搭配,

on

the

bus

特指乘某一輛車

8.

across,

through,

over和past“通過,

經(jīng)過”

across從表面經(jīng)過,

如,road,

bridge,

river

through從內(nèi)部空間經(jīng)過,

如:

city,

woods,

forests,

window,

gate

past

,

從旁邊經(jīng)過.

through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”；

across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over.

如：Just

then

a

rat

(鼠)ran

across

the

road.(就在那時一只老鼠跑過路面)/

There

is

a

bridge

across/over

the

river.(河上有座橋)/

They

climbed

over

the

mountain

and

arrived

there

ahead

of

time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那里)/

The

visitors

went

through

a

big

gate

into

another

park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)

8.

on,

above,

over,

“

在?上”,

up,

A.

on指在某物表面上,有接觸點

a

book

on

the

table

B.

over指在某物垂直上方,無接觸點,也可指覆蓋在某物上,

與under相對under

表示在…下方

I

put

themoney

under

the

bed.

我把錢放在床底下

a

cloth

over

the

table

,

a

fan

over

the

table

C.

above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方是斜上方反義詞為

below

,

He

lives

above

me

他住我家樓上(不一定就是頭上一間)

The

temperature

today

is

above

zero.今天氣溫零度以上.

D.

up表示在往上的方向

反義詞

down

look

up

to

the

sky

抬頭看天空

about與on的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“有關…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關…(專題/課程)”。如：Tom

is

going

to

give

a

talk

on

the

history

of

America.(湯姆要作一個美國歷史的報告)/

They

are

very

excited

talking

about

the

coming

field

trip.(他們興致勃勃地談論著即將來到的野外旅游)

on

表示兩事物表面接觸

Put

away

the

books

on

the

desk.

把桌上的書收好

over除了要接觸，還有覆蓋的含義，over表示正上方

There

is

a

bridge

over

the

river.

河上有一座橋

9.

for

,

since,

A.

since僅說明什么時候開始，,

后常跟一個具體的過去的時間.

B.

for

表示某動作或情況持續(xù)多久,

后常跟一段時間。

He

has

studied

the

piano

for

5

years..

They

have

lived

here

since

1978.

since與for表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for

+(一段時間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時態(tài)；如：Uncle

Li

has

worked

in

this

factory

since

1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/

Uncle

Li

has

worked

in

this

factory

for

over

30

years.

(李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)

10.

after,

behind,

“在…之后”

A.

after

主要用于表示時間

B.

behind主要用于表示位置

11.

in,

after

“??以后”

A.

“in

+段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后,

用在將來時態(tài)中.,

?；卮餳ow

soon的提問.

B.

“after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后,

相當于

一段時間+

laterMy

mother

will

come

back

in

three

or

four

days.

He

arrived

after

five

months.

=

He

arrived

five

minutes

later.

.in

,

after

,

later

in

+

一段時間

.

常用

一般將來時。after

+

一段時間

.

常用一般過去時。

after

+

點時間

.

用各種時態(tài)。

一段時間

＋

later

過去時

12.

放在地點之前的介詞:at,

in,

on

A.

at

(1)表示在小地方;

(2)表示“在……附近，旁邊”

B.

in

(1)表示

在大地方;

(2)表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”。

C.

on

表示毗鄰，接壤

D.

to

表示在……范圍外，不強調(diào)是否接壤

⑵

after與in表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般時態(tài)；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時態(tài)。如：He

said

that

he

would

be

here

after

6：00.(他說他六點鐘之后會來這兒)/

My

father

is

coming

back

from

England

in

about

a

month.(我父親大約一個月以后從英國回來)

13.

by,

with,

in

,

on

表示方式,

手段,工具，

A.

by

以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具,

或跟V-ing形式.

B.

with

表示用

…工具,

C.

in

表示用…方式，用…語言(語調(diào)、顏色)等

D.

on

表示通過媒介,

on

the

telephone,

on

the

radio,

on

TV

by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執(zhí)行者；in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如：We

see

with

our

eyes

and

walk

with

our

feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/

Please

write

that

article(文章)

in

English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/

Let’s

go

to

the

zoo

by

taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)/

It

was

written

by

Lao

She.(那是老舍寫的)

與like的區(qū)別：

兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務、作用等事實,而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實。如：Let

me

speak

to

you

as

a

father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親)

/

Let

me

speak

to

you

like

a

father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)

15.

at

the

end

of、by

the

end

of、to

the

end、in

the

end的用法區(qū)別：

at

the

end

of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在…末；在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用；by

the

end

of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前；到…為止”,常用于過去完成時；

in

the

end與at

last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時；to

the

end譯為“到…的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續(xù)性的動詞。如：By

the

end

of

last

term

we

had

learned

16

units

of

Book

III.(到上學期期末我們已經(jīng)學習了第三冊16個單元)/

At

the

end

of

the

road

you

can

find

a

big

white

house

with

brown

windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/

They

left

for

Beijing

at

the

end

of

last

week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)/

In

the

end

he

succeeded

in

the

final

exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/

We

should

go

on

with

the

work

to

the

end.(我們應該把工作干到底)/

Follow

this

road

to

the

end

and

you

will

see

a

post

office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)

a

moment、for

the

moment、in

a

moment、at

the

moment的區(qū)別：

for

a

moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for

a

while),常與持續(xù)性動詞連用；for

the

moment“暫時、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時；in

a

moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon;

in

a

few

minutes),一般用于將來時；at

the

moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進行時。如：Please

wait

for

a

moment.(請稍等)/

Let’s

leave

things

as

they

are

for

the

moment.(暫時就維持現(xiàn)狀吧！)

/

I’ll

come

back

in

a

moment.(我過會兒回來)/

I

am

very

busy

at

the

moment.(眼下我很忙)

17.

but的問題：

用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to。如：I

could

do

nothing

but

wait.(我什么也做不了只能等)

/

They

had

no

choice(選擇)

but

to

fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)

18.

in

front

of

與in

the

front

of：

in

front

of“在…的前面”,

與in

the

front

of“在…的前部”。如：A

car

was

parking

in

front

of

the

hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/

In

the

front

of

the

hall

stood

a

big

desk.(大廳前部立著一個大講臺)

[12]

except與besides的區(qū)別：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”。如：Everyone

went

to

the

Palace

Museum

except

Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒有去故宮)/

Besides

Chinese

he

also

studied

many

other

subjects.(除了漢語之外,他還學其他許多功課)

,

until

,

to

的用法。

till

/

until

與延續(xù)動詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫

動詞連用用在否定句（

在句首、強調(diào)句

不用till

).

一.

選擇最佳答案(表示時間關系的介詞).

1.

The

plane

arrived

at

London

airport

______

Wednesday.

A.

on

B.

at

C.

in

D.

for

2.

What

do

you

usually

do

________

Christmas

A.

on

B.

at

C.

in

D.

for

3.

Mrs

Brown

worded

in

the

west

of

Australia

________

last

summer

A.

/

B.

on

C.

in

D.

since

4.

The

first

class

begins

_______

8

o’clock

______

the

morning.

A.

at/on

B.

at/in

C.

on

/in

D.

on/on

5.

_______the

past

two

months

he

has

been

busy

with

his

school

work.

A.

For

B.

On

C.

Since

D.

At

6.

________last

Saturday,

we

had

had

two

football

matches

with

Class

Two.

A.

For

B.

/

C.

By

D.

During7.

We

will

be

in

Nanjing

_____

Tuesday

______Thursday.

A.

on/

through

B.

on/to

C.

from/to

D.

on./till

8.

Mr

Black

will

visit

our

new

school

building

______

two

days.

A.

before

B.

after

C.

at

D.

in

9.

_______

the

end

of

last

spring

Wang

Hai

joined

the

army

_______

the

end.

A.

At/at

B.

By/in

C.

In

/at

D.

At

/in

10.

We

will

have

a

football

match

_____

this

Saturday

afternoon..

A.

on

B.

/

C.

in

D.

for

11.

He

came

to

see

you

_____

the

evening

of

May

10th.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

on

D.

for

12.

I’m

afraid

I

gave

you

a

lot

of

trouble

________

my

stay

here.

A.

in

B.

for

C.

during

D.

on

13.

The

singing

group

will

have

two

performances

______

October.

A.

after

B.

since

C.

/

D.

for

14.

The

supermarket

is

open

______

midnight.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

till

D.

/

15.

She

didn’t

go

to

work

______

that

morning.

She

slept

______

noon.

A.

/…till

B.

on…till

C.

at…at

D.

/…at

16.

He

was

ill

_____

a

week,

and

_______

the

week

he

ate

almost

nothing

.

A.

for/at

B.

for/during

C.

during/during

D.

for/for

17.

Days

are

longer

______

summer

than

___________

winter.

A.

in/in

B.

in/on

C.

from/to

D.

to/in

18.

Children

get

presents

________

Christmas

and

______

their

birthday.

Granny

is

coming

for

lunch________

Christmas

day.

A.

at/on/on

B.

on/on/on

C.

at/in/at

D.

in/on/in

New

Year’s

eve

people

usually

don’t

go

to

bed

until

midnight.

A.

At

B.

On

C.

For

D.

In

20.

Tom

and

Paul

usually

watch

TV

______

weekends.

A.

at

B.

in

C.

for

D.

/

21.

Every

day

the

old

man

takes

these

children

home

_____

school.

A.

at

B.

to

C.

from

D.

after

22.

Could

you

come

to

my

office

________

the

day

after

tomorrow.

A./

B.

on

C.

in

D.

at

23.

We

had

built

three

bridges

over

the

river

_______

the

end

of

1994.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

for

D.

by

24.

Life

will

be

better

_____

the

21st

century.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

for

D.

in

you

often

work

late

_____

night.

A.

at

B.

in

C.

for

D.

during

二.

選擇最佳答案(表示地點運動方向的介詞).

1.

I

had

a

new

card,

and

I

didn’t

write

________.

A.

on

it

B.

it

C.

in

it

D.

above

it

2.

There

is

a

bridge

________

the

river.

A.

under

B.

over

C.

on

D.

next

3.

He

said

that

he

would

meet

us

____

the

cinema.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

on

D.

in

4.

There

is

a

book

store________

the

street

corner.

A.

at

B.

in

C.

on

D.

by

5.

From

the

top

of

the

teaching

building

we

saw

the

lake

________

us.

A.

under

B.

over

C.

below

D.

above

4.

How

much

did

you

pay

________

this

book

A.

for

B.

at

C.

on

D.

with

5.

Please

translate

the

sentence

______

English.

A.

into

B.

to

C.

at

D.

for

6.

The

price

of

the

computer

has

been

reduced________

5%.

A.

off

B.

to

C.

by

D.

about

7.

Please

fill

the

bottle_______

tea.

A.

by

B.

with

C.

for

D.

in

8.

The

machines

cut

big

pieces

of

metal

____small

pieces.

A.

in

B.

by

C.

to

D.

into

9.

Billy

works

hard

at

school

and

his

teachers

often

praise

him________

his

hard

work.

A.

with

B.

at

C.

on

D.

for

10.

You

must

apologize

_________

her

for

your

rudeness.

A.

to

B.

at

C.

on

D.

with

got

angry

and

I

threw

a

stone

_______him.

A.

to

B.

towards

C.

at

D.

for

12.

You

can

borrow

the

book

________

your

school

library.

A.

from

B.

to

C.

for

D.

at

13.

I

prefer

coffee_______

tea.

A.

over

B.

to

C.

for

D.

than

14.

Would

you

show

me

________

your

factory

A.

to

B.

in

C.

at

D.

round

15.

Don’t

catch

me

________

the

arm.

I

have

nothing

to

do

______the

matter.

A.

by/with

B.

on/with

C.

by/on

D.

on/on

16.

Help

yourself_______

some

fish.

It

tastes

very

nice.

A.

with

B.

on

C.

in

D.

to

17.

Bill

must

deliver

the

newspapers________

people’s

houses_________

all

kinds

of

weather.

A.

to/in

B.

at/in

C.

for/for

D.

to/for

18.

They

haven’t

decided________

the

date

for

the

next

meeting.

A.

for

B.

by

C.

in

D.

on

19.

Let

me

introduce

her

_______

you.

A.

with

B.

on

C.

to

D.

for

20.

Li

Ling

fell

_____

his

bicycle

this

morning

A.

on

B.

down

C.

off

D.

to

21.

I

shouted______

her,

but

shi

didn’t

hear

me.

A.

to

B.

at

C.

on

D.

for

22.

Tom

has

made

friends_____

many

Chinese

students.

A.

with

B.

to

C.

by

D.

among

23.

After

school,

I

often

learn

singing

and

dancing

_______

hobbies.

A.

/

B.

on

C.

in

D.

for

24.

LI

Ming

fell

ill

this

morning,

so

he

asked

_______

leave.

A.

from

B.

for

C.

on

D.

in

25.

I

saw

the

man

hit

the

boy

_______

the

face.

A.

in

B.

on

C.

toward

D.

by

四.

選擇最佳答案(注意介詞的習慣用法)

1.

Mr

Li,

shall

I

write

_____

ink

A.

by

B.

of

C.

in

D.

with

2.

Can

you

find

out

the

answer__________

these

questions

A.

of

B.

for

C.

to

D.

with

3.

__________

his

help,

I

passed

the

English

test

yesterday.

A.

Under

B.

Of

C.

With

D.

b