我復(fù)習(xí)tommy閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)26篇原題

乙醇......................................................................................................................................長(zhǎng)江水 TheColor 英國(guó)女演員Actress的地位 美洲人..................................................................................................................................Honeybee的 十四.................................................................................................................................Maya 彗星的pristine .法國(guó)二月........................................................................................................................小說(shuō)Mary 冰川沉積 云和氣候變化................................................................................................................ 鳥(niǎo)叫研 恐龍和行星撞地球(邏輯 能源消費(fèi)（邏輯 地球冷暖周期通過(guò)石頭含鐵量推 飛鼠尋找食 戲劇家Lloyd Sea 舞蹈物理動(dòng)作分 乙Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasingconsequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifand,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytorelease bustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfuel—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverother-basedalternativefuels:theyhaveahigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowtofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefuelwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediaesseningofurbanairpollution.TheauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedcounteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoareconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaidentifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoadiscussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontooutliningaplanofactiontosolveaproblemanddiscussingtheobstaclesblockingthatplAccordingtothepassage, pletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithternativefuelbecausethecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivethecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofgasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemoleculargasolineiscomposedofsmallgasolineisacarbon-basedThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairFurtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.Attemptstoreducethepollutantsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairReductionsinpollutantsemittedbyindividualvehicleshavebeenoffsetbyincreasesinpollutionfromsourcesotherthangasoline-fueledvehicles.Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthesentenceofthepassage?Althoughatownreducesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetown’sxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingAlthoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegaldumcontinuestoincrease.Althoughatown’scitizensreducetheirindividualuseofwater,thetown’swaterscontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulationofthetown.Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincreasAlthoughacountryreducesthespeedlimitonitsnationalhighways,thenumberoffatalitiescausedbyautomobileaccidentscontinuestoincrease.TheauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofItissubstantiallylessexpensivethanItcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionIthasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativeItsusewouldmakedesignimprovementsinindividualvehiclesItsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozoneItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatavehiclespecificallydesignedtousemethanolforfuelwouldbesomewhatlighterintotalbodyweightthanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithbemoreexpensivetooperatethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithhavealargerandmorepowerfulenginethanaconventionalvehiclefueledwithhavealargerandheavierfuelthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithaveragemorepergallonthana“gasolineclone”vehiclefueledwithItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphasflawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisinapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalinaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’invalidbecauseitreflectsthealbiasofthe長(zhǎng)江水Sincethe1970s,archaeologicalsitesinChina'stzeRiverregionhaveyieldedevidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesthatpredatesignsofricecultivationelsewhereinEastAsiabyathousandyears.Beforethisevidencewasdiscovered,ithadgenerallybeenassumedthatricefarmingbeganfarthertothesouth.Thisscenariowasbasedbothonthegeographicrangeofwildorfree-livingrice,whichwasnotthoughttoextendasfarnorthasthetze,andonarchaeologicalrecordsofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastAsiaand(nowknowntobenotsooldasreported).Proponentsofthesouthern-origintheorypointoutthatearlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongthetzewerealreadyhighlydevelopedandthatevidenceforthestageofricecultivationismissing.Theyarguethatthehunter-gathererstodevelopriceagriculturemusthavedonesointhissouthernzone,theapparentpresent-daygeographicrangeofwildYetwhilemoststandsofwildricereportedina1984surveywereconcentratedtothesouthofthetzedrainage,twonorthernoutlierpopulationswerealsodiscoveredinprovincesalongthemiddleandlowertze,evidencethatthetzewetlandsmayfallwithinboththepresent-dayandthehistoricalgeographicrangesofrice'swildancestor.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostclearlyunderminetheconclusionthattheauthormakesbasedonthe1984survey?Areassouthof tzebasincurrentlyhavelesswild-ricehabitatthantheyonceSurveyssince1984haveshownwildricepopulationsalongtheuppertzeaswellasalongthemiddleandlowertze.Thepopulationsofwildricealongthetzerepresentstrainsofwildricethatmigratedtothenorthrelativelyrecently.Earlyrice-farmingsocietiesalongthetzewerenotashighlydevelopedasarchaeologistsoncethought.InEastAsia,thehistoricalgeographicrangeofwildricewasmoreextensivethanthepresent-daygeographicrangeis.Basedonthepassage,skepticsoftheideathatricecultivationbeganinthetzeRiverregioncanpointtowhichofthefollowingforsupport?Lackofevidencesupportingtheexistenceofrice-farmingsocietiesalongthetzeatanearlydateLackofevidenceregardingtheinitialstagesofricecultivationinthetzeRecentdiscoveriespertainingtothehistoricalgeographicrangeofrice'swildNewinformationregardingthedatesofveryearlydomesticricefromSoutheastNewtheoriespertainingtohowhunter-gatherersdevelopedriceagricultureinEast3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthe“southern-originThetheoryisbasedonanunconventionalunderstandingofhowhunter-gatherersdevelopedriceagriculture.Thetheoryfailstotakeintoaccounttheapparentfactthatevidenceforthestageofricecultivationinthenorthismissing.Thetheorywasdevelopedprimarilyinresponsetoa1984surveyofwildrice'sgeographicReassessmentofthedatesofsomearchaeologicalevidencehasunderminedsupportfortheEvidenceofsophisticatedrice-farmingsocietiesinthetzeregionprovidessupportforthetheory.TheColorThepublicationofTheColorPurpletransformedAliceWalkerfromanindu-bitablyseriousblackwriterwhosefictionbelongedtoatraditionofgritty,ifoccasionally"magical,"realismintoapopularnovelist,withalltheperquisitesanddrawbacksattendantonthatposition.UnlikeeitherTheThirdLifeofGrangeCopland(1970)orMeridian(1976),TheColorPurplegainedimme-diateandwidespreublicacceptance,winningboththePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardfor1982-83.Atthesametime,however,itgeneratedimmediateandwidespreadcriticaluneaseoverwhatappearedtobemanifestflawsinitscomposition.RobertTowers,writingintheNewYorkReviewofBooks,concludedthatontheevidenceofTheColorPurple"AliceWalkerstillhasalottolearnaboutplottingandstructuringwhatisclearlyintendedtobearealisticnovel."Hisopinionwassharedbymanyreviewers,whopointedoutvariouslythatinthelastthirdofthebookthenarrator-protagonistCelieandherfriendsarepropelledtowardafairytalehappyendingwithmorevelocitythancredibility;thatthelettersfromNettie,withtheirdisconcertinglyliteratedepictionsoflifeinanAfricanvillage,intrudeintothemiddleofthemainactionwithlittleapparentmotivationorwarrant;andthatthedeviceoftheletterstoGodisespeciallyunrealisticinasmuchasitforegoestheconcretizingdetailsthattraditionallyhavegiventheepistolatoryformitspeculiarverisimilitude:thesecretwriting-place,thecache,therusestoenablepostingletters,andespeciallythelettersreceivedinreturn.Inthepast,onlymencould eactorsinsomesocieties.IntheancientGreeceandRomeandthemedievalworld,itwasconsidereddisgracefulforawomantogoonthestage,andthisbeliefpersisteduntilthe17thcentury,wheninVeniceitwasbroken.InthetimeofWilliamShakespeare,women'srolesweregenerallyplayedbymenorboys.Whenaneighteen-yearPuritanprohibitionofdramawasliftedaftertheEnglishRestorationof1660,womenbegantoappearonstageinEngland.MargaretHughesiscreditedbysomeasthe professionalactressontheEnglishstage.ThisprohibitionendedduringthereignofCharlesIIinpartduetothefactthatheenjoyedwatchingactressesonstage.Theoccurrenceofthetermactresswasin1700accordingtotheOEDandisascribedtoDryden.InJapan,men(onnagata)tookoverthefemalerolesinkabukitheatrewhenwomenwerebannedfromperformingonstageduringtheEdoperiod.Thisconventionhascontinuedtothepresent.However,someformsofChinesedramahavewomenplayingalltheroles.Inmoderntimes,womensometimesplaytherolesofprepubescentboys.ThestageroleofPeterPan,forexample,istraditionallyplayedbyawoman,asaremostprincipalboysinBritishpantomime.Operahasseveral"breechesroles"traditionallysungbywomen,usuallymezzo-sopranos.ExamplesareHanselinH?nselundGre ,CherubinoinTheMarriageofFigaroandOctavianinDerRosenkavalier.Womeninmalerolesare moninfilmwiththenotableexceptionsofthefi YearofLivingDangerouslyandI'mNotThere.IntheformerfilmLindaHuntplayedthepivotalroleofBillyKwan,forwhichshereceivedtheAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActress.InthelatterfilmCateBlanchettportrayedJudeQuinn,arepresentationofBobDylaninthesixties,forwhichshewasnominatedfortheAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActress.Womenplayingmeninlivetheatreisparticularlycommoninpresentationsofolderplays,suchasthoseofShakespeare,thathavelargenumbersofmalecharactersinroleswheretdernolongermattersinmoderntimes.Havinganactordressastheoppositesexforcomiceffectisalsoalong-standingtraditionincomictheatreandfilm.MostofShakespeare'scomediesincludeinstancesofovertHappenedontheWaytotheForumstarsJackGilforddressingasayoungbride.TonyCurtisandJackLemmonfamouslyposedaswomentoesc gangstersintheBillyWilderfilmSomeLikeItHot.Cross-dressingforcomiceffectwasafrequentlyuseddeviceinmostofthethirtyCarryOnfi .DustinHoffmanandRobinWilliamshaveeachappearedinahitcomedyfilm(TootsieandMrs.Doubtfire,respectively)inwhichtheyplayedmostscenesdressedasaOccasionally,theissueisfurthercomplicated,forexample,byawomanplayingawomanactingasamanpretendingtobeawoman,likeJulieAndrewsinVictor/Victoria, PaltrowinShakespeareinLove.InIt'sPat:TheMovie,filmwatchersneverlearntderoftheandrogynousmaincharactersPatandChris(playedbyJuliaSweeneyandDaveFoley).Afewrolesinmodernfi ,playsandmusicalsareplayedbyamemberoftheoppositesex(ratherthanacharactercross-dressing),suchasthecharacterEdnaTurnbladinHairspray—playedbyDivineintheoriginalfilm,HarveyFiersteinintheBroadwaymusical,andJohnTravoltainthe2007moviemusical.LindaHuntwonanAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActressforplayingBillyKwaninTheYearofLivingDangerously.FelicityHuffmanwasnominatedforanAcademyAwardforBestActressforplayingBreeOsbourne(aRecentdiscoveriesinNewWorldarchaeologyalongwithnewscientificmethodsforyzingdatahaveledtonewideasregardingtheoriginofthepeoplesoftheAmericasandtheirtimeofThetraditionaltheoryheldthattheAmericanscrossedthelandbridgefromSiberiatoAlaskaaround11,500yearsagoandfollowedan"ice-freecorridor"betweentwolargeCanadianicesheets(theLaurentideandCordilleran)toreachunglaciatedlandstothesouth. inhabitants,whosearchaeologicalsitesarescatteredacrossNorthandSouthAmerica,werecalledtheClovispeople,namedafterthetowninNewMexicowheretheirflutedspearpointsusedforhuntingmammothwere foundin1932.ThereisnowconvincingevidenceofhumanhabitationsitesthatdateearlierthantheCloviscultureincludingsiteslocatedinSouthAmerica.MonteVerde,awell-studiedsi alongarivernearsoutherncentralChile,dates12,500yearsago.Thissitecontainstheburiedremnantsofdwellings,stonetoolsincludinglargebifacialprojectilepoints,andpmedicinalandedibleplants.Howdidpeoplemanagetosettlethisfarsouthatsuchanearlydate?Acoastalmigrationrouteisnowgainingmoreacceptance,ratherthantheolderviewofsmallbandsmovingonfootacrossthemiddleofthelandbridgebetweenSiberiaandAlaskaandintothecontinents.EmergingevidencesuggeststhatpeoplewithboatsmovedalongthePacificcoastintoAlaskaandnorthwesternCanadaandeventuallysouthtoPeruandChileby12,500yearsago—andperhapsmuchearlier.ArchaeologicalevidenceinAustralia,Melanesia,andJapanindicateboatswereinuseasfarbackas25,000to40,000yearsago.Searouteswouldhaveprovidedabundantfoodresourcesandeasierandfastermovementthanlandroutes.Manycoastalareaswereunglaciatedatthistime,providingopportunitiesforlandfallalongtheway.SeveralearlysitesalongthecoastofCanada,California,Peru,Ecuador,andChiledatebetween10,000and12,000yearsago.Manypotentialcoastalsitesarenowsubmerged,makinginvestigationdifficult.IngestionoffoodcontainingsporesofthepathogenAscosphaeraapiscausesafatalfungaldiseaseknownaschalkbroodinhoneybeelarvae.However,larvaemustbechilledtoabout30°C(normal btemperatureis33-36°C)forthediseasetodevelop.Accordingly,chalkbroodismostcommoninspringandinsmallcolonies.Arecentstudyrevealedthathoneybeesresponsibleforhive-temperaturemaintenancepurposelyraisedthehives’temperaturewhencolonieswereinoculatedwithA.apisthis“fever,”orup-regulationoftemperature,occurredbeforeanylarvaedied,suggestingthattheresponseispreventativeandthateitherhoneybeeworkersdetecttheinfectionbeforesymptomsarevisibleorlarvaecommunicatetheingestionofthepathogen.Temperaturereturnedtonormalbyofthestudy,suggestingthatincreasedtemperatureisnotoptimalwhenbroodsarenotinfected,aswellasthatthefeverdoesnotresultmerelyfromnormalcolonygrowth(i.e.,anincreaseinthenumberofworkersavailablefortemperaturemaintenance).TheprimarypurposeofthepassageisdiscussthefindingsandimplicationsofaparticularillustrateaprocessthatformerlyhadbeenoutlinethemethodsusedtoinvestigateaprovideevidencetosupportacontroversialcontrastalternativeinterpretationsofcertainAccordingtothepassage,researchersconcludedthatfeverinhoneybeecoloniesispreventativebecausetheirstudyshowedthatsuchfever(A)doesnotoccurwhenhivetemperaturesarewithinnormal(B)sadultbeesfromcontractingchalkbrood(C)occurspriortothedeathofany(D)ismorelikelytooccurinspringthanin(E)doesnothaveaneffectonuninfectedThepassageimpliesthatifhivetemperaturehadnotreturnedtonormalbyofthestudyinquestion,aprobableconclusionoftheresearcherswouldhavebeenthatup-regulationoftemperatureisapreventativemeasureagainsthoneybeesareincapableofpurposelyraisinghiveA.apiscannotbecompleyeradicatedthroughup-regulationoftemperaturehoneybeelarvaehaveamechanismtoalertadulthoneybeestothepresenceofA.honeybeelarvaemaybenefitfromincreasedhivetemperatureevenwhenthereisnoA.apispresentAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofchalkbroodinfectionamonghoneybeelarvae？Larvaeinsmallcoloniesaremorelikelytopasstheinfectiontoadulthoneybeesthanarelarvaeinlargeones.Infectionwithchalkbroodinduceslarvaetoraisetheirhive’sTheinfectionismorelikelytoaffectlarvaeinwinterthaninLarvaefailtodevelopsymptomsofthediseasewhentheirbrood–combtemperatureremainswithinthenormalrange.Infectedlarvaeexhibitvisiblesymptomsofdiseaseforasignificanttimebefore十TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstateernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers’immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt’srulinginDredScottv.SandfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswiththeauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectiontothefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson’sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsanizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetfortheeightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublic modationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv.BoardofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.TwodoctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourtduringthisperiodextendedtheamendment’sreach.,theCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployeda“classification,”meaningdiscriminationagainstagroupongroundsthatcouldbeconstruedracial.ThisdoctrinehasbroadenedtheapplicationoftheFourteenthAmendmenttoother,nonracialformsofdiscrimination,forwhilesomejusticeshaverefusedtofindanylegislativeclassificationotherthanracetobeconstitutionallydisfavored,mosthavebeenreceptivetoargumentsthatatleastsomenonracialdiscriminations,sexualdiscriminationinparticular,are“”anddeservethisheightenedscrutinybythecourts.Second,theCourtrelaxedthestateactionlimitationontheFourteenthAmendment,bringingnewformsofprivateconductwithintheamendment’sreach.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaoftheBypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalOnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedtheclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityoftheFourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitInterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.ThepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasallowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthinfluencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofprovideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedprohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActofshifttostateernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesTheauthor’spositionregardingtheintentoftheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwouldbemostseriouslyunderminedifwhichofthefollowingweretrue?TheframershadanticipatedstateactionlimitationsastheyaredescribedintheTheframershadmerelysoughttopreventdiscriminatoryactsbyfederalTheframerswereconcernedthattheCivilRightsActof1866wouldbeoverturnedbytheSupremeCourt.Theframerswereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadTheframersbelievedthatracialaswellasnon-racialformsofdiscriminationwereAccordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwithdetailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalclosingaloopholethatcouldbeusedtodenyindividualstherighttosueforenforcementoftheircivilrightsassertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscriminationgrantingstateernmentsbroaderdiscretionininterpretingtheCivilRightsActofTheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedCongress’authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeentheframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv.Boardoftheframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroupsmoststateernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens’civilitsessentialelementshadnotbeenimplicitintheThirteenthAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccurayindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?CivilRightsActofDredScottv.VetobyI,II,III,I,IV,II,I,IV,III,II,I,IV,III,II,I,Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthesecondofthetwodoctrinesreferredtoinlines39-41ofthepassage?ItcausedsomejusticestorulethatalltypesofdiscriminationareprohibitedbytheItshiftedthefocusoftheSupremeCourtfromracialtononracialItnarrowedtheconcernoftheSupremeCourttolegislationthatemployedaItcausedlegislatorswhowerewritingnewlegislationtorejectlanguagethatcouldbeconstruedaspermittingracialdiscrimination.ItmadeitmoredifficultforcommercialbusinessestopracticeracialMayaTounderstandtheancientMayanpeoplewholivedintheareathatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmericaandtheecologicaldifficultiestheyfaced,onemustconsidertheirenvironment,whichwethinkofas“jungle"or'tropicalrainforest."Thisviewisinaccurate,andthereasonprovestobeimportant.Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainforestsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropicalforest."Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.Ifonefocusesonthewetmonths,onecallstheMayahomelanda"seasonaltropicalforest";ifonefocusesonthedrymonths,onecouldinsteaddescribeitasa"seasonaldesert.”FromnorthtosouthintheYucatanPeninsula,wheretheMayalived,rainfallrangesfrom18to100inches(457to2,540millimeters)peryear,andthesoils ethicker,sothatthesouthernpeninsulawasagriculturallymoreproductiveandsupporteddenserpopulations.ButrainfallintheMayahomelandisunpredictablyvariablebetweenyears;somerecentyearshavehadthreeorfourtimesmorerainthanotheryears.Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.AlthoughsouthemMayaareasreceivedmorerainfallthannorthernareas,problemsofwaterwereparadoxicallymoresevereinthewetsouth.WhilethatmadethingshardforancientMayalivinginthesouth,ithasalsomadethingshardformodemarchaeologistswhohavedifficultyunderstandingwhyancientdroughtscausedbiggerproblems