定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解+含習(xí)題(含答案)

定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解+含習(xí)題(含答案)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解+含習(xí)題(含答案)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解+含習(xí)題(含答案)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解+含習(xí)題(含答案)日期：20xx年X月定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱(chēng)為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導(dǎo)，連接詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系代詞（which,that,as,whom,who,whose）或關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句⑴限定性定語(yǔ)從句起對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定、區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。（此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句前后沒(méi)有逗號(hào)）【eg】Thedressthatmymotherboughtformeisverybeautiful.我媽媽給我買(mǎi)的裙子很漂亮。⑵非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散，只對(duì)先行詞起說(shuō)明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達(dá)清楚。（此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）【eg】Yourwritings,whicheveryoneadmires,areverymarvelous.你的作品人人欣賞，實(shí)在是太了不起了。Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.莎士比亞是個(gè)偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。⑶某些情況下，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句既可以作限定性定語(yǔ)從句，又可以作為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，但二者含義有差別?！緀g】TherearetencarsherewhicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛中國(guó)制造的車(chē)。（這里可能還有其他的車(chē)）Therearetencarshere,whicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛車(chē)，它們都是中國(guó)制造的。（這里只有十輛車(chē)）⑷that和why一般不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其他引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。【eg】Myelderbrother,whoisanengineer,isworkingabroad.我的哥哥在國(guó)外工作，他是一個(gè)工程師。Lastyear,IvisitedQuanzhou,whichisabeautifulcityinFujianProvince.去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個(gè)漂亮的城市。關(guān)系代詞的使用指代對(duì)象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat賓格whom/thatwhich/thatthat所有格whosewhose/ofwhich⑴which和that指物which和that引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句表事物，可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)他們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that和which?？梢允÷浴！緀g】Wemustrespectthecustomherethathasexistedforhundredsofyears.我們必須尊重這里存在了數(shù)百年的習(xí)俗。（做主語(yǔ)）Thisisthebook(that/which)Iwanttobuy.這就是我想買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。（做buy的賓語(yǔ)）多數(shù)情況下，that和which可以通用。在下列幾種情況下，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that，不用或少用which。a先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或theonly,thevery,thelast等表絕對(duì)意義的詞作修飾語(yǔ)。【eg】Thisistheoldesttreethatexistsintheworld.這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹(shù)。Theonlything(that)heisinterestediniscollectingstamps.他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。b先行詞為不定代詞（anything,nothing,everything）或被little,few,much,any,no等修飾【eg】Allthesongs(that)hesangareverypopularhere.他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。Everythingthatshouldbedonehasbeendone..一切應(yīng)該做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。若先行詞是something，定語(yǔ)從句用that和which都可以。c先行詞既包括人又包括物【eg】Theytalkedofpeopleandthings(that)theyrememberedinEngland.他們談起了記憶中在英國(guó)的人和事。d當(dāng)句中已有wh–疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句而不用which。在下列幾種情況下，一般使用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句而不用that.a引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句【eg】China,whichisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,isplayinganimportantpartintheworldaffairs.中國(guó)是世界上第三大國(guó)家，它在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起著重要的作用。bthat和which在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。介詞放在句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that和which，也可省略。介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用which不能用that，且which不可省。【eg】Abottleopenerisatool(which/that)bottlesareopenedwith.=Abottleopenerisatoolwithwhichbottlesareopened.開(kāi)瓶器是一種用來(lái)開(kāi)啟瓶子的工具。c當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)?！緀g】Ihavereceivedtheinvitationtoyourweddingwhich,asIhavetoldyou,mademeveryglad.我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請(qǐng)柬。這個(gè)邀請(qǐng)，正如我所告訴你的，使我感到萬(wàn)分榮幸。d若先行詞是that，則用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。(thatwhich的結(jié)構(gòu)通常出現(xiàn)在諺語(yǔ)中)【eg】Thatwhichisevilissoonlearned.壞事易學(xué)。先行詞是way時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種形式:inwhich/that或不用引導(dǎo)詞?！緀g】Thewayhespeaksisunique.=Thewaythathespeaksisunique.=Thewayinwhichhespeaksisunique.他說(shuō)話(huà)的方式很奇特。⑵who,whom和that指人who和that在從句中既可做主語(yǔ)又可做賓語(yǔ)whom在從句中只可用做賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)who,whom和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。【eg】Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatistalkingwithJohnoverthere你認(rèn)識(shí)在那邊和John說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)女孩嗎Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.剛才和你說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)是我們的老師。who,whom,that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。介詞位于句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who,whom或that，也可省略。介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom不可省。（注意與2/⑴/③/b類(lèi)比）【eg】Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.=Themanwithwhomyouhavejusttalkedisourteacher.剛才和你說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。⑶whose指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，表示所屬關(guān)系。“whose+名詞”=“名詞+ofwhich”二者意思相同，可互換?！緀g】Lookatthehousewhosewindowsareround.=Lookatthehousethewindowsofwhichareround.看那座窗戶(hù)是圓形的房子。⑷as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句先行詞有such或thesame修飾，或者在as/so…as的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用as做關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。【eg】Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.我想買(mǎi)一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語(yǔ)。當(dāng)thesame修飾先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用as也可用that。區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。as既可以表示“同一個(gè)”又可以表示“同類(lèi)”?！緀g】ThisisthesamebookthatIhavelost.這就是我丟失的那本書(shū)。ThisisthesamebookasIhavelost.這本書(shū)和我丟失的那本一模一樣。as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾的是前面的整個(gè)句子。which也有這種用法,兩者在大部分情況下可互換?！緀g】Shehasjustcried,as/whichIcouldseefromherswolleneyes.她剛剛哭過(guò)，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.眾所周知，中國(guó)是世界上第三大繁榮國(guó)家。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句和引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：awhich從句只能放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。【eg】MarkTwain,asweallknow,isagreatwriter.眾所周知，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的作家。b當(dāng)主句是否定句時(shí)，as不能用which來(lái)替換。as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義?！緀g】Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的那樣是昆蟲(chóng)。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的使用關(guān)系副詞where,when,why在從句中分別做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。他們經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+which”來(lái)替代⑴when可替換為on/at/in/during+which,在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。【eg】Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmet.我還記得我們初次見(jiàn)面的那一天。Doyoustillrememberthesummervacationwhen/duringwhichwevisitedalotofplacesinBeijing你還記得我們?cè)诒本┯斡[了很多地方的那個(gè)暑假嗎⑵where可替換為at/in/to+which，在定語(yǔ)從句中跟在表地點(diǎn)的名詞后面做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。【eg】Thatistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtostudy.那就是我過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的學(xué)校。Thinkofaplacewhere/towhichwecangoforaswim.想一個(gè)我們可以去游泳的地方。⑶why可替換為forwhich，引導(dǎo)先行詞為reason的定語(yǔ)從句，表示原因。【eg】Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.這就是他遲到的原因。⑷關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可用that替換，也可省略?！緀g】Sheisalwaysbusyworkingfromthetime(when/that)shegetsupinthemorningtillthetime(when/that)shegoestobed.她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺(jué)，她都在工作。Thatistheplace(where/that)Iwentbefore.那就是我們從前去過(guò)的地方。Doyouknowthereason(why/that)heleftthecompany你知道他離開(kāi)公司的原因嗎例題1、（）Thefloodoverflowedtheriverbanks,______frequentlyhappenedinthatarea.AasitBwhichCitDsuch2、（）Thisisthebestnovel______wehavereadinrecentyears.AwhichBthatCasDso3、（）All______isalargesumofmoney.AwhatisneededBthatisneededCthethingneededDfortheirneeds4、（）Readthetextasecondtimeandyouwillprobablyknowwhattheprinciple______ahovercraftworks.AisonthatBhasonwhichCisonwhichDonwhich5、（）Theway______hegiveshisperformancesisappreciatedbyhisfans.WhichofthefollowingsiswrongA/BwhichCinwhichDthat6、（）Myassistant,______carefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoingtheexperiment,didnotgetsatisfactoryresults.AwhothoughtBevenwhoCwhohadDwhohaving7、（）Inthedarkstreets,therewasnotasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.AthatBwhoCfromwhomDtowhom8、（）Theneighbourhoodfactory,______workersareallwomen,turnsouttoysoffinequality.AthereBwhichCwhoseDwhen9、（）Heissuchanoutstandingleader______islovedbythepeoplethroughoutthecountry.AasBthatCwhichDwho10、（）Thecanopeneriseasytohandle,______isshowninthepicture.AasitBasCthatDsince11、（）Everythingwasquiteallright______oneday______shegotintotrouble.Anotuntil;whenBuntil;beforeCnotuntil;beforeDuntil;when12、（）Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.AwhichBwhereCthereDwhat13、（）Theplanewasdelayed,______wasthattheweatherwasterrible.AthereasonwhyBthereasonforitCthereasonofitDthereasonforwhich14、（）Donotletthechildwhois______swiminrivers.AnotoldenoughBtooyoungtoCnotoldenoughtoDyoungenoughto15、（）Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint______,achangeisneeded,otherwiseyouwillfail.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich鞏固練習(xí)1、（）Isthisuniversity______theypaidavisittolastmonthAwhichBwhereCtheoneDwhichyou2、（）Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthevillage.A/BwhenCwhatDhow3、（）______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.AWhichBAsCThatDIt4、（）Iwaslateforschoolthismorningbecauseofthetrafficjam______Iwascaught.AwhichBwhereCinwhichDwhen5、（）Haseverything______canbedone______doneA/;/B/;beenCthat;beenDthat;be6、（）Canyoufindmesomething______AtoopenthetinBthatIcanopenthetinCIcanopenthetinwithDbywhichtoopenthetin7、（）Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything______itcomesincontact.AwhereBwithwhichCthatDassoonas8、（）Thesizeoftheaudience,______wehadexpected,waswellover500.AwhomBthatCwhoDas9、（）TheshopassistantIspoke______nothing.Atosay