2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)21

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-安徽大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

If（）toheavypressure,castironwillcrack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjecting

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.havingsubjected

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句的主語(yǔ)省略。當(dāng)條件句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省略主語(yǔ)。主句里面的主語(yǔ)是castiron“鑄鐵”，條件句省略了主語(yǔ)castiron，壓力是由鑄鐵來(lái)承受的，因此應(yīng)該使用subject的過(guò)去分詞。句意：如果承受重大壓力，鑄鐵也會(huì)斷裂。完整版本應(yīng)是Ifit’ssubjectedtoheavypressure,castironwillcrack.因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

MariaChapmanwrotemany（）condemningslaveryatthattime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescriptions

B.directories

C.booklets

D.prototypes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prescriptions“處方；藥方”；B選項(xiàng)directories“目錄；名錄”；C選項(xiàng)booklets“小冊(cè)子”；D選項(xiàng)prototypes“原型；雛形”。句意：瑪麗亞?查普曼寫了許多……，譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞wrote“寫”，可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入與文章類有關(guān)的單詞，因此可以排除A，B，D選項(xiàng)。后面的condemningslaveryatthattime“譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度”做后置定語(yǔ)，可譯為寫了很多譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的奴隸制度的小冊(cè)子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV（）children’simaginations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯(cuò)；誤入某地”；B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱；使遲鈍”；C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅；感到羞愧”；D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合；使交融”。句意：人們會(huì)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”；后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱，使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。Only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。即需要將be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前，句中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞位置不變。句意：他只有在獲得相當(dāng)多的說(shuō)的能力之后，才學(xué)會(huì)讀和寫。AD選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有使用倒裝，可以排除，C選項(xiàng)倒裝后句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故選B。

5.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobile“可移動(dòng)的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)drifting“漂流的；飄動(dòng)的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動(dòng)著；C選項(xiàng)shifting“不斷移動(dòng)的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項(xiàng)rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)管理全國(guó)15所圖書館，其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動(dòng)圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)為mobilelibrary，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.Itisextremelyhardtosometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”

Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighborhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.

Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgoneintothestorewithmymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttookplace.

Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.

Themanagerheardthenoise,andcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit(罪人).Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.

41.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?

42.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?

43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

44.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

45.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor’s（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.About8yearsold

B.About18yearsold

C.About23yearsold

D.About15yearsold

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthor

B.Themanager

C.Awoman

D.Theauthor’smother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanager.

B.Theauthorwasseverelycriticizedbythemanager.

C.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartons.

D.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItIsHardertoAdmitOne’sMistake

B.IWasOncetheCulprit

C.IRememberanIncident

D.ACaseofMistakenIdentity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusation

B.admirationforthemanager’swillingnesstoadmitmistake

C.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartons

D.regretforthemistakehemadeinthestore

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】41.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.（我最近有一次經(jīng)歷，一個(gè)人向我承認(rèn)他在15年前犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）由本句開始作者開始談及15年前發(fā)生的一件事情。隨即我們看到第二段Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime.（我那時(shí)差不多8歲）作者的那段回憶發(fā)生在他8歲的時(shí)候，離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過(guò)了15年，由此可以推斷出作者現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在23歲左右。故選C，同理可排除ABD選項(xiàng)。

42.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第四段Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)順道經(jīng)過(guò)的女人，她的購(gòu)物車撞倒了一堆紙箱）由此可知，紙箱盒是這個(gè)女人推倒的。A選項(xiàng)“作者”，B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理”，C選項(xiàng)“女人”，D選項(xiàng)“作者的媽媽”，故選C。

43.推理判斷題。定位在第五段Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.（他嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了我并且想讓我賠付每一個(gè)碎了的雞蛋。）因?yàn)樽髡卟攀悄莻€(gè)被嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)的人。所以A選項(xiàng)“那個(gè)打翻一疊紙箱的女人受到經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“作者受到了經(jīng)理的嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”正確。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)女人不小心把一疊紙箱撞倒了”正確。原文中Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.（就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)順道經(jīng)過(guò)的女人，她的購(gòu)物車撞倒了一堆紙箱。）D選項(xiàng)“作者把它們擺放在了展柜上”根據(jù)原文Forsomereasons,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwenttowork.（出于某些原因，我決定由我將它們?cè)贁[放好，于是我開始了工作。）BCD選項(xiàng)全部正確，故選A。

44.主旨大意題。文章第一句Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個(gè)人的一個(gè)品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。）本文開始講到了能夠積極地承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤是令人值得欽佩的品質(zhì)。接下來(lái)就主要講述了作者15年前因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)誤會(huì)而被批評(píng)的故事。A選項(xiàng)“很難承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤”，只是一小部分的陳述，不夠全面。B選項(xiàng)“我曾是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?，以偏概全。C選項(xiàng)“我記得那次的小插曲”定位在最后一句EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒(méi)有。）所以C不正確。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)被誤解的事例”，是對(duì)全文的一個(gè)總的概括，由這個(gè)事例具體展開，闡述愿意承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。故選D。

45.推理判斷題。文章的第一段第一句，作者就有指出Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.（令大多數(shù)人欽佩另一個(gè)人的一個(gè)品質(zhì)就是愿意承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤。）EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.（盡管我很快就把這件事忘得一干二凈，但經(jīng)理顯然沒(méi)有。）隔了15年，那位經(jīng)理再見(jiàn)到作者的時(shí)候還愿意承認(rèn)自己過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤，由此也能夠了解到作者對(duì)他的這種行為是欽佩的，B選項(xiàng)“贊賞經(jīng)理愿意承認(rèn)犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)經(jīng)理的錯(cuò)誤指責(zé)感到憤怒”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)撞倒一堆紙箱的女人表示憤慨”，AC選項(xiàng)在文中并未體現(xiàn)，屬于主觀猜測(cè)。D選項(xiàng)“為他在店里犯下的錯(cuò)誤而后悔”，由第一題可知，是經(jīng)理主動(dòng)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，作者并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。故選B。

7.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.

Thereallycriticalimplicationofthediscoverystilllieswiththedoorthatgeneticistshaveopenedontheenvironmentalinfluencesofourbehavior,ourpersonalitiesandourhealth,andforthecriticalblowitstrikestheideaofbiologicaldeterminism.

41.Forthepastdecade,thepublichaswitnessedarisingepidemicoftalesofdiscoveriesofgenesthatdisposehumanitytohomosexuality,toalcoholism,topoliticalpersuasion,torunningability,andtoartistictaste.

Butevenbeforeyesterday’srevelationsbyVenter,scientistshadstoppedbelievinginthegaygene.Yetbeliefinitsexistencestillpersistsamongthepublic.42.Theassaultonbiologicaldeterminismthatgeneticistshavenowtriggeredwillbetimely,andhumannatureisalotmorecomplexandintriguingthandeterministshavegivenitcreditfor.

IthasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableforindividualsparticularlyintheUnitedStatestoblameactionsandcrimesontheinfluenceoftheirgenes.SeveralUSdefendantsaccusedofviolentcrimeshavearguedthattheywereinnocentvictimsoftheirgenes.43.Inotherwords,geneticpredestinationcouldsoonhavebeenusedtoexcusemurderorrobbery—ifithadnotbeenforthisdiscoverythatwelackthegenestothusdisposeus!

KevinDaviesistheauthorof“TheSequence”,astoryofthehumangenomerace.Hesaid.44.“Therehasbeenarecentstudyonperfectpitch,theabilitytoknowtheabsolutepitchofamusicalnote,thatstronglysuggeststhatisacquiredthroughtheinheritanceofasinglegene.”“Thatmaysoundlikeaclear-cutpieceofbiologicaldeterminism.However,thereisacrucialcorollaryyouhavetobeexposedtoearlymusicaltrainingfortheabilitytomaterialize.Inotherwords,eveninseeminglysimpleinheritedabilities,nurturehasaroletoplay.”

AndthenthereisthecasequotedbyVenter.Taketheexampleofcolon(結(jié)腸)cancer.Peoplesaythereisagenethatpredisposesustothedisease.Andcertainlyitrunsinfamilies.45.However,itisonlythecolonwherewefindallsortsoftoxinsandbacteriathatprovidetheharshcircumstancesthatfinallycausethatgenetobreakdownandforcancertospread.

Inshort,itisnotacoloncancergenebutagenethataffectsourabilitytorespondtotheenvironment.Andthatiswhathumannatureisallabout.

【答案】41.近十年來(lái)，有關(guān)基因發(fā)現(xiàn)的傳聞漫天飛。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)稱，基因與人的同性戀傾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、藝術(shù)鑒賞力等都息息相關(guān)。

42.遺傳學(xué)家現(xiàn)在對(duì)生物決定論的攻擊是及時(shí)的，而且人類的本性遠(yuǎn)比決定論者想象的更加復(fù)雜和迷人。

43.換句話說(shuō)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少基因的數(shù)量可以用來(lái)證明基因不能夠控制我們的行為，某些人便會(huì)利用基因決定論來(lái)洗刷他們謀殺和搶劫的罪名。

44.最近有一項(xiàng)關(guān)于音調(diào)辨別能力的研究，即判斷音符絕對(duì)音高的能力。該研究結(jié)果明顯表明完美音高是通過(guò)單純基因遺傳獲得的。

45.但只有在結(jié)腸部位，才能夠找到構(gòu)成病變環(huán)境的各種毒素和細(xì)菌，它們會(huì)導(dǎo)致該基因最終損壞，致使癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散。

8.翻譯題

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中國(guó)文化推崇集體主義，崇尚共有，融合；西方文化崇尚個(gè)體。體現(xiàn)在吃飯的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中國(guó)人實(shí)行合餐制，用餐的人在一個(gè)盤中取食，用筷子可以限制個(gè)別人大量取食。如此一來(lái)，既保留了集體主義的形態(tài)，個(gè)人利益又不會(huì)受太大影響。西方人就簡(jiǎn)單一些，每個(gè)人吃自己盤里的食物，吃法也沒(méi)有什么嚴(yán)格限制。

9.單選題

“JimmywantstostayupandwatchanoldmovieonTV.”“Teno’clockis（）foraboyofhisagetostayup.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoolatehour

B.toolateanhour

C.verymuchlateanhour

D.asolatehour

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。toolateforsb.todosth是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做什么事太晚了”。句意：吉米想要熬夜看電視上的一部老電影。十點(diǎn)鐘對(duì)他這個(gè)年齡的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)太晚了。其中anhour是Teno’clock的定語(yǔ)，不可將其分開，用來(lái)修飾10點(diǎn)鐘這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段。同理可排除AD。C選項(xiàng)中的verymuch不能用來(lái)修飾late。選B。

10.單選題

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望。句意：我寧愿你坐火車去，因?yàn)槲覠o(wú)法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機(jī)的想法。動(dòng)詞go的一般過(guò)去式為went，故選A。

11.翻譯題

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人類——神秘的巨人12.單選題

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance—’’Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlSherries;“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（）.

38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare（）.

39.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apioneerofeducationreform

B.Anopponentofintellectualism

C.Ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.Anadvocateofregularschooling

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】36.推理判斷題。定位到第一段Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.（現(xiàn)今天的美國(guó)人并不是很重視智力。我們的英雄是運(yùn)動(dòng)員、藝人和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。）Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueKnowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我們的學(xué)校也是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是為了獲取知識(shí)而追求學(xué)問(wèn)的。）由此可推論出美國(guó)的父母是希望他們的孩子能夠?qū)W習(xí)到一些實(shí)用的教育的。因此C選項(xiàng)“未來(lái)職業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際能力”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)世界的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)”，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)智力追求的自信”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均與實(shí)用教育無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

37.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的第一句Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.（現(xiàn)今天的美國(guó)人并不是重視智力。）和第二段的第一句Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識(shí)更重要的社會(huì)中）由此可推論出美國(guó)是不重視智力的，實(shí)用性遠(yuǎn)大于一切。因此A選項(xiàng)“低估智力”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“傾向于理智主義”錯(cuò)誤，第二段就說(shuō)到了美國(guó)看重實(shí)用性，會(huì)更傾向于實(shí)用主義。C選項(xiàng)“支持學(xué)校改革”在文中并未提及，可排除，D選項(xiàng)“壓抑天生的智慧”，定位到原文Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（實(shí)用性、常識(shí)和天生的智慧被認(rèn)為是比你從書本中學(xué)到的任何東西都更高貴的品質(zhì)。）由此可知，美國(guó)對(duì)于天生的智慧是認(rèn)可的，不可能會(huì)進(jìn)行壓制。因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在文章的第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual;”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（學(xué)校一直處于實(shí)踐比知識(shí)更重要的社會(huì)中，教育作家黛安?拉維奇說(shuō)。）Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無(wú)法抵消。）可以知道Ravitch對(duì)美國(guó)學(xué)校低估智力崇尚實(shí)用是不贊成的。而文章的第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛(ài)默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)約束了孩子的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來(lái)時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┱f(shuō)明Emerson對(duì)學(xué)校的教育是不看好的，會(huì)更傾向于學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)用性。由此可知這兩人的對(duì)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的。因此D選項(xiàng)“相反的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“完全一樣的”，B選項(xiàng)“類似的”，C選項(xiàng)“互補(bǔ)的”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

39.推理判斷題。定位到原文RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”（拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛(ài)默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的背誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來(lái)時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不知道?！保┯纱丝梢訣merson對(duì)智慧的培養(yǎng)是不贊同的。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)理智主義的反對(duì)者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“一位教育改革的先驅(qū)”，C選項(xiàng)“一位贊成智力的學(xué)者”，D選項(xiàng)“一位常規(guī)教學(xué)的倡導(dǎo)者”，A，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符題意，可排除。故選B。

40.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章第二段Ravitch’slatestbook…tracestherootsofintellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（拉維奇的最新著作，追溯了學(xué)校知性主義的根源，其結(jié)論是美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)追求的厭惡根本無(wú)法抵消。）和第三段的段首句Buttheycouldandshouldbe.（但它們可以也應(yīng)該抵消的。）說(shuō)明作者是贊成Ravitch的觀點(diǎn)的，認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該要能夠抵消美國(guó)人對(duì)才學(xué)的厭惡，也即是說(shuō)作者是看重智力的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“智力是要追求的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“智力僅次于智慧”，B選項(xiàng)“智力是從常識(shí)演變而來(lái)的”，D選項(xiàng)“智力是構(gòu)成權(quán)力的基礎(chǔ)”均與題意不符，故選C。

13.單選題

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該每天睡兩次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在這個(gè)世界的一部分地方，我們傾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（對(duì)于那些認(rèn)真收聽(tīng)女王演講的人，霍姆醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，在臉上噴點(diǎn)涼風(fēng)或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否則，就打個(gè)盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英國(guó)人實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法克服睡意后，才會(huì)進(jìn)行的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)“喜歡午飯后小睡一會(huì)兒”不符合題意，可排除。同理可排除D選項(xiàng)“喜歡一天睡兩次”，B選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)小睡”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)覺(jué)得困”，原文中說(shuō)到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽(yáng)光下休息來(lái)保存能量是一樣的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B。

27.客觀事實(shí)題。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽(yáng)光下休息來(lái)保存能量是一樣的道理。）由此可知會(huì)在炎熱午后陽(yáng)光下休息的是灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物。因此A選項(xiàng)“所有在灌木叢里的動(dòng)物”，符合題意，正確。B選項(xiàng)“同一種原始程序的殘余”這是對(duì)灌木叢里所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在午后陽(yáng)光下休息的解釋。C選項(xiàng)“同樣的原始程序”，D選項(xiàng)“世界上所有的動(dòng)物”。B，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故選A。

28.推理判斷題。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）可以推論出午后飲酒會(huì)讓人更加容易犯困。A選項(xiàng)“午餐后酒精效果不強(qiáng)”，表述錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“午餐時(shí)間喝一品脫啤酒相當(dāng)于晚上喝一夸脫啤酒，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致下午犯困”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)間更警覺(jué)”與題意無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在午餐時(shí)間飲酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.（出于這個(gè)原因，大多數(shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒，并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全駕駛的指南。）午餐后喝酒并不違法，只是超過(guò)合法的血液酒精含量行駛會(huì)不安全，干擾項(xiàng)可排除。故選B。

29.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”（但這應(yīng)該不到15分鐘。否則，睡意真的就到來(lái)了，當(dāng)你醒來(lái)時(shí)會(huì)感到非常昏昏欲睡，比你剛開始更困。）由此可以推出當(dāng)一個(gè)人午休時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過(guò)15分鐘后，會(huì)更疲憊，睡意更濃。因此C選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)覺(jué)得更困”符合題意，正確。A選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)精神煥發(fā)”，B選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)被喚醒”，D選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)小憩一下”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。定位在文中第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）第八段第一句Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtime…（正因?yàn)槿绱耍蠖鄶?shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒）。由此可推論出午餐時(shí)間是不能喝酒的，由此可以排除C選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谖绮蜁r(shí)間喝完酒后仍然可以開車”。A選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后是不允許開車的”，不允許開車的飲酒量是午餐后的一品脫與晚餐后的一夸脫。同理可推論出晚餐喝了一夸脫酒后是不允許開車的。故A選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。同理可排除B選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后開車仍是被允許的”。D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)”，按照句意我們推理出了晚上喝酒量達(dá)到一夸脫也是不允許開車的，可排除。故選A。

14.翻譯題

ArecentadvertisementforGoogleChromeshowedaseriesofimportanteventsinachild’slife,eachonebelongingtoadifferentparttheInternet—thefirststepsonYouTube;birthdaye-mails;Facebookphotosofteenageparties.Themessagewasclear:alifecannowbefullyexpressedthroughtheInternet.

This,ofcourse,hasasignificanteffectonhowwerememberthings.Online,majoreventsandexperiencescanbereadabout—andwithvideo,watched—againandagain.ComputersandtheInternet,ratherthanofferingsomethingnew,combineallourtechnologicalmeansofartificialmemory—text,soundandimage—tocreateasynthesisthatcanrecallmemoriesmoreintenselythananythingbefore.

【答案】谷歌瀏覽器的最新廣告展示了一個(gè)孩子生活中的一系列重大事件，每件事都關(guān)乎互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方方面面——YouTube上，孩子學(xué)會(huì)走路后邁出第一步的視頻；郵件中的電子生日賀卡，F(xiàn)acebook上年輕人聚會(huì)的照片。這一切所傳達(dá)出的信息顯而易見(jiàn)：生活完全可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全部展現(xiàn)。

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這對(duì)我們的記憶方式產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。重要的事件與經(jīng)歷都能在網(wǎng)上以圖文或視頻的形式反復(fù)看到。電腦與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并非提供給我們新鮮的事物，而是融合了文字、聲音、圖像等人工記憶的所有技術(shù)手段，共同創(chuàng)造出一種前所未有的，更加強(qiáng)烈地喚起我們記憶的綜合體。

15.單選題

TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyinternationalorganizationdealingwiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethattradeflowsassmoothly,predictablyandfreelyaspossible.

Theresultisassurance.Consumersandproducersknowthattheycanenjoysecuresuppliesandgreaterchoiceofthefinishedproducts,components,rawmaterialsandservicesthattheyuse.Producersandexportersknowthatforeignmarketswillremainopentothem.Theresultisalsoamoreprosperous,peacefulandaccountableeconomicworld.DecisionsintheWTOaretypicallytakenbyconsensusamongallmembercountriesandtheyareapprovedbymembers’parliaments.TradefrictionischanneledintotheWTO’sdisputesettlementprocesswherethefocusisoninterpretingagreementsandcommitments,andhowtoensurethatcountries’tradepoliciesconformwiththem.Thatway,theriskofspitesspillingoverintopoliticalormilitaryconflictisreduced.Byloweringtradebarriers,theWTO’ssystemalsobreaksdownotherbarriersbetweenpeoplesandnations.

Attheheartofthesystem-knownasthemultilateral(多邊的)tradingsystem-ar