高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：構(gòu)詞法專題課件

Word-formation(構(gòu)詞法)英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:

1.派生(Derivation):

2.合成(Compounding):

3.轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion)①派生(Derivation):②合成(Compounding):③轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion):

通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個詞:e.g.happy--unhappy(加前綴)--happiness(加后綴)由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞:e.g.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類:e.g.water(n.)水--water(v.)澆水Derivation

invisible

disagreement

dishonesty

impossibility

non-conductor

international

illogical

replacement

disappearancemisunderstanding

enlargement

reconsideration

interaction

unexpected

unforgettable

unsuccessful

Rer-tele-bio-ex-over-trans-en-mis-re-sub-under-

betweenfarbiologyformer/outtoomuchacross/movemakewrongagainunderbelow

dis-non-il-in-im-un-notwrongtoomuchagainformer/outunderbetweenbelownotfarbiologymakeacross/move

Matchtheprefixwithitsmeaning.dis-non-re-il-sub-under-in-im-inter-tele-bio-ex-over-un-trans-en-mis-Studythemeaningofthewords:

internationaltelevisioninvisibleimpossibleillogicalirregulardisappearnonsenseunforgettable

replacemisunderstandenlargebiochemistrysubwayex-wifeundergroundoverworktransport

Thisdictionaryenablesyoutounder-standEnglishwords.

2.Thefencewasstrengthenedwithwire.

3.Heinformedusthenewsindirectly.hi-techshowcases展示breakthroughbioengineeringoutstandingenableindirectlystrengthen

前綴

例詞

a-構(gòu)成形容詞﹑副詞

asleep,abroad,alonedis-disappear,disagreeen-enlarge,enablein-(il-,im-,ir)invisible,illegalinter-international,inter-schoolmis-mistake,misunderstandre-return,remarrytele-telephone,telescopeun-;non-unfit,non-payment(否定)(使可能)(相互,之間)(重復(fù),再)(遠(yuǎn)程)(不)(誤)(不,非)

后綴

例詞名詞-er…..者Runner,swimmer-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地人musician,Russian-ist專業(yè)人員artist,pianist-ment性質(zhì),狀態(tài)government,movement-ness性質(zhì),狀態(tài)business,happiness-or….者visitor,professor-ion/-tion表示動作,過程,結(jié)果pollution,suggestion形容詞:-al;-an;-ern;-ful;-ble;-ish;-ive;-y;-less

表示具有…的性質(zhì),或與…有關(guān)e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,active,native,rainy,careless動詞:

-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成為)

e.g.simplify(簡化),satisfy,realize,organize副詞:-ly表示方式,程度:freely,badly,truly-ward(s)表示方向:towards,forward,outward

數(shù)詞:-teen十fourteen,eighteen-ty整十位數(shù)forty,fifty

-th序數(shù)詞fifth

Compounding1）合成名詞①名詞(代詞)+名詞

spaceship,she-wolf②名詞+動名詞

machine-building(機(jī)械制造)③名詞+及物動詞+er(or)pain-killer(止痛藥)④形容詞+名詞

highway⑤及物動詞+名詞

breakfast⑥動詞+副詞

turn-off⑵合成形容詞①形容詞(數(shù)詞)+名詞+edcold-blooded②名詞+名詞+ed potato-shaped③名詞(代詞)+分詞hand-made,self-educated④名詞(代詞)+形容詞color-blind⑤形容詞(數(shù)詞)+名詞/分詞left-hand,good-looking⑥副詞+分詞/形容詞hard-working,ever-greentree⑦動詞+副詞see-through⑧介詞+名詞downhill(3)合成動詞①副詞+動詞

ill-treat虐待②名詞(代詞)+動詞

mass-produce大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)③形容詞+動詞

safe-guard保衛(wèi)⑷.合成副詞①副詞+副詞 however②代詞+副詞 anywhere③副詞+名詞 downstairs④形容詞+名詞 anyway(無論如何)⑸.合成代詞some,any,no,可以與-thing,-one,-body合成代詞.

如:anybody,something,nowhereConversion轉(zhuǎn)化:

是由一詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類⑴動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞E.g.Wepaidavisittotheparkyesterday.注意:英語中常用give,take,have,make等詞構(gòu)成這一類詞組,表示一個動作.如:giveashout,giveakick,giveatalk…

takeaseat,takeabath;takearest…h(huán)aveaswim,haveasmoke,havearest…makeabet,makeadecision,makeapromise…(2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞e.g.Thehallcan

seat

twothousandpeople.Theyhavebooked

theirplaneticket.(3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞e.g.Thecarslowed

downtohalfitsspeed.Theroomgraduallyquieted

down.(4)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞e.g.Howlongistheline?(adj)HowlonghaveyoulivedinChina?(adv)

(5)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.(n.)Exercise2-ionconstruction connectionattraction actioncollection directionexpression inventionproduction protectionsuggestion impressioncelebration communicationeducation graduationpollution contribution-ationadmirationcombinationexaminationtransportationexplorationimaginationExercise3invisible

non-conductordisappearance

interactionmisunderstanding

unexpecteddishonesty

illogicalenlargement

unforgettable

impossibility

replacementreconsideration

unsuccessfulExercise4showcase=show+casebreakthrough=break+throughbioengineering=bio+engineeringoutstanding=out+standingenable=en+ablerestore=re+storeindirectly=indirect+lystrengthen=strength+enThatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.care

B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.dead C.died D.deathExtraexercises:3.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician4.Thethree-________chairisn'tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged5.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership6.Toeveryone's________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfied B.satisfactory(adj)C.satisfying D.satisfaction7.－Whatareyoudoinghere?

－Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.

－Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?A.600words;600-words

B.600-word;a600-wordsC.600words;a600-word

D.600words;a600-words8.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permit B.permissionC.permitting D.permittence9.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It'sofgreat________.A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable10.Y