2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

問題1選項

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項insearchof“尋找”；B選項inpursuitof“追求”；C選項inviewof“鑒于，由于”；D選項inlightof“根據(jù)”。句意：有許多人認(rèn)為，為追求政治目的而使用武力永遠(yuǎn)是不正當(dāng)?shù)摹８鶕?jù)句意可知B選項正確。

2.單選題

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

問題1選項

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A選項mayproperly“適當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項hadbetter“最好”；C選項shouldsurely“應(yīng)該”；D選項mayprobably“也許可能”。句意：過度熱衷于限制食物，節(jié)食者很可能會無意中暴飲暴食，你最好還是忘記禁食的想法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞mayaswell“最好”，得知B為正確答案。

3.翻譯題

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母語，以及語言多樣性，對個體的身份認(rèn)同至關(guān)重要。作為創(chuàng)造力的來源和文化表達(dá)的工具，它們對社會的健康也很重要。重要的是，語言是發(fā)展和增長的因素。我們知道母語教育對學(xué)習(xí)成果的重要性。母語教學(xué)是消除歧視和接觸邊緣人口的有力途徑。語言作為知識的源泉，也是提高發(fā)展可持續(xù)性、更和諧地管理我們與環(huán)境和變革的關(guān)系的起點(diǎn)。

4.單選題

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

問題1選項

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成”；B選項occur“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在”；C選項emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”；D選項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”。句意：可以證明，組織不僅看起來是均勻的，而且實際上是均勻的，因為如果組織被切成兩半，每一半將調(diào)節(jié)以產(chǎn)生與整體相同的圖案。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞giveriseto“造成；引起；導(dǎo)致”，得知A為正確答案。

5.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項resemble“類似”；B選項share“共用”；C選項contrast“對比；對照；顯出明顯的差異”；D選項differ“不同”。句意：人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，動物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動物和人類有許多共同的特征，由此可知B選項正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項“what”以及B選項“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語從句，故排除A，B選項。選項D“ones”只能作為代詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，故排除。因此選項C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項assumed“假設(shè)；（承擔(dān)）責(zé)任”；B選項guessed“猜想”；C選項justified“調(diào)整；證明……正當(dāng)”；D選項reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對動物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，可推測此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論，B選項guess指的是毫無根據(jù)僅憑個人主觀臆斷，可排除，由此可知A選項正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項animal’s“動物，動物世界；牲畜”；B選項humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C選項humanity“人道；仁慈；人文學(xué)科”；D選項human“人類”。中文翻譯為：我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無二的人類，判斷出此處D選項正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bond“紐帶”；B選項ties“結(jié)”；C選項affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項joint“關(guān)節(jié)；接縫”。句意：松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項simulated“模擬的；模仿的；仿造的”；B選項located“處于，位于；坐落的”；C選項situated“位于……的；處于……境遇的”；D選項detected“檢測到的”。根據(jù)下文，themothercanfindherchild（媽媽能找到她的孩子）。可知B選項正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項Inthisway“這樣；用這種方法”；B選項Thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；C選項Becauseofthis“因為這個”；D選項Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開時，他們會發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識別的聲音”的這種方式，可推測A選項正確。

8.考查動詞詞義。A選項supply“供給，提供；補(bǔ)充”；B選項help“幫助”；C選項get“使得；獲得；受到；變成”；D選項serve“招待，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D選項“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的，A選項“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實的，可知A選項正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項Conversely“相反地”；B選項Likely“很可能；或許”；C選項Likewise“同樣地；也”；D選項Comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語），可知C項正確。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項altered“改變，改動，修改”；B選項modified“修改；更改”；C選項revised“修改；校訂；復(fù)習(xí)”；D選項adapted“使適應(yīng)，改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便與嬰兒交流），B選項modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化，常含“緩和”的意味，可排除，D選項adapted（適應(yīng)，改編）符合題意，D選項正確。

6.單選題

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項transaction“交易；事務(wù)；辦理；會報，學(xué)報”；B選項stimulation“刺激；激勵，鼓舞”；C選項transition“過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物]轉(zhuǎn)換；變調(diào)”；D選項solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板總是親自處理重要事務(wù)。A選項正確。

7.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項dissipated“消散；浪費(fèi)”；B選項indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項took“拿；取；接受”。句意：我們經(jīng)常……我們的精力在瑣碎的工作上。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測我們經(jīng)常會浪費(fèi)我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結(jié)合此處語境，選項A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項clockwise“順時針方向地”；B選項otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

問題1選項

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting?

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項short-term“短期的”；B選項acute“嚴(yán)重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項long-lasting“持久的；長期的，持續(xù)時間長的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會擾亂一個人的生活，導(dǎo)致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問題。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長期的；習(xí)慣性的”，得知D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項“描述統(tǒng)計和推理統(tǒng)計的缺點(diǎn)”不符合題意。B選項“推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)”跟選項B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類。因此C選項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響?？芍狝選項“different”（不同的）正確。B選項“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計學(xué)有一個“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機(jī)構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計學(xué)這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型?？梢缘弥狟選項“height”沒有提及，所以B選項正確。選項A“Gender”（性別），選項C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計該群體的特征。則B選項“預(yù)測整個人口的特征”正確。

11.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問題2選項

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問題3選項

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問題4選項

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問題5選項

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個方面，也可排除。D選項“福利國家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動都會影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項“真誠地；真正地”，B選項“真正地”，C選項“幾乎”，D選項“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動都會影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過于絕對，可排除A、B選項，D選項與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實。在法國，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國家在美國和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會保障、失業(yè)保險、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國社會的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投?！?、D選項“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項“福利國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對市場分配資源和收入以使社會滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因為它是最新的”，理解錯誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實?？赏茰y，英國對于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過，可排除A選項。B選項“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國際貿(mào)易。因此C選項正確。D選項“美國政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項為正確答案。

12.翻譯題

Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthatlifecouldthinkout;fortheworldofman'slifeis,forthemostpart,buttheworldofhisthoughts.Thusthebestbooksaretreasuriesofgoodwords,thegoldenthoughts,which,rememberedandcherished,becomeourconstantcompanionsandcomforters.“Theyareneveralone,”saidSirPhilipSidney,“thatareaccompaniedbynoblethoughts.”

Thegoodandtruethoughtmayintimesoftemptationbeasanangleofmercypurifyingandguardingthesoul.Italsoenshrinesthegermsofaction,forgoodwordsalmostalwaysinspiretogoodworks.

【答案】好書常如最精美的寶器，珍藏著人生的思想的精華；因為人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的書是金玉良言和崇高思想的寶庫，這些良言和思想若銘記于心并多加珍視，就會成為我們忠實的伴侶和永恒的慰藉。菲利普?西德尼爵士說過：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤獨(dú)?！?/p>

在我們受到誘惑的時候，美好真實的思想可以作為一種仁慈的視角，凈化和保護(hù)我們的靈魂。這同樣孕育著行為的萌芽，因為金玉良言總能激勵善行。

13.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項conscious“意識到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價的物品”；D選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對這個研究項目的價值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項正確。

14.單選題

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

問題1選項

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項sank“沉陷”；B選項sent“送，寄出”；C選項erupted“爆發(fā)；長出”；D選項shook“搖動”。句意：火山發(fā)出警告說它很快就會爆發(fā)：9月23日，它的地表下發(fā)生了小地震。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C選項，A選項sank（沉陷）也與地震不匹配，因此得知D選項正確。

15.單選題

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”

Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!

ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.

Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.

ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.

Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.

Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.

Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?

3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?

4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項

A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatement

B.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudy

C.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperience

D.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess

問題2選項

A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccess

B.Reunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies

C.Classreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness

D.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities

問題3選項

A.Thevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunion

B.Thespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoys

C.Sharedexperiencebeyondthecampus

D.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus

問題4選項

A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovel

B.presenttheauthor’scounterargument

C.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargument

D.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions

問題5選項

A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStates

B.Reasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunions

C.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditions

D.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻譯為：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇諾發(fā)現(xiàn)，作為高中生，參加者比那些選擇不參加的同學(xué)更受歡迎，更常被視為有吸引力，更多地參與課外活動?？梢缘弥狟選項“表明參與者往往在高中學(xué)習(xí)中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由A選項“美國的班級聚會通常是炫耀自己最近成功的機(jī)會。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻譯為：當(dāng)然，也有一些人回來向他們以前的同學(xué)展示他們做得多么好；還有一些人喜歡觀察他們同學(xué)身上發(fā)生的變化（當(dāng)然，他們自己并不總是這樣）。但大多數(shù)參加班級聚會的人都是為了重溫年輕時的美好時光。因此可知A選項錯誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻譯為：決定參加校友聚會的校友們都有一個共同的身份，這個身份基于他們在一起度過的大學(xué)生時代。出于這個原因，那些以某種方式建立了共同紐帶的大學(xué)——例如，因為它們規(guī)模相對較小或特別有聲望——往往會吸引大量校友參加聚會?？芍狟

選項“他們大學(xué)享有的特殊地位”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻譯為：在她的小說《美國風(fēng)格的重聚》中，羅娜?賈菲暗示，一次班級聚會“不僅僅是一次感傷的旅程。這也是一種回答隱藏在我們所有人內(nèi)心深處的問題的方式。他們比我做得好嗎?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻譯為：賈菲的觀察也許放錯了地方，但并不是完全沒有意義。判斷出C選項“作為作者論證的前奏?！闭_。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文判斷出答案為A選項“美國校友聚會的歷史視角”，D選項“校友聚會及其對社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。”屬于文章第四段、第五段內(nèi)容，B選項“受歡迎和出席校友聚會的原因?！睂儆谖恼碌诙?、第三段的內(nèi)容，C選項“校友聚會和美國大學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。”屬于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的內(nèi)容。

16.單選題

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

問題1選項

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B選項fierce“兇猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C選項fatal“致命的；重大的；毀滅性的；命中注定的”；D選項mortal“凡人的；致死的；終有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我們必須認(rèn)識到，所有生物都是終有一死的。故選D。

17.單選題

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

問題1