2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號27

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

問題1選項

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項brilliant表示“絕妙的；杰出的；聰穎的；明亮的”，B選項respective表示“分別的，各自的”，C選項conspicuous表示“顯著的，顯而易見的”，D選項remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我們鄰居把他們孩子的文憑框掛在客廳墻上顯眼的地方。因此，C選項conspicuous符合語境，故本題正確答案為C選項。

2.單選題

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof（）.

問題1選項

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項想crisis“危機；危險期”；B選項urgency“緊急；催促”；C選項emergency“緊急情況；突發(fā)事件”；D選項emergence“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；露頭”。句意：救護車必須有優(yōu)先權，因為它通常要處理一些……。救護車需要處理的是一些緊急情況或突發(fā)事件，C選項符合句意。

3.單選題

Mostofthestoriesabouthisprivatelifeareprobably（）.

問題1選項

A.apocalyptical

B.apocryphal

C.apocrine

D.apochromatic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項apocalyptical“天啟的，啟示論的”；B選項apocryphal“偽的；可疑的”；C選項apocrine“泌離的，頂漿分泌的”；D選項apochromatic“[光]復消色差的”。句意：有關他私生活的事可能大部分是虛構的。因此B項符合句意。

4.單選題

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

問題1選項

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“緊急的，緊迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最終的，決定性的”。根據(jù)preparation“準備”與potentialsetbacks“潛在的挫折”，可知選項A符合題意。句意：成功的人總會為潛在失敗做好充足的準備。

5.單選題

Youcanclaima（）onyourtax.

問題1選項

A.rebate

B.debate

C.abate

D.libate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項rebate“退還款；折扣；返還部分”；B選項debate“辯論；（正式的）討論”；C選項abate“減輕；減少”；D選項libate“喝酒。句意：你可以要求退回部分稅款。此處應填入一個名詞，故排除C項和D項，只有A項符合句意，故選A。

6.單選題

Thethievesdidn’tknowthattheyweredeceiveduntilthefakediamondturnedouttobe（）.

問題1選項

A.valuable

B.valueless

C.invaluable

D.priceless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項valuable“很重要的;寶貴的;”；B選項valueless“沒有價值的;不值錢的”；C選項invaluable“極有用的;極寶貴的”；D選項priceless“無價的;極珍貴的”。句意：直到最后發(fā)現(xiàn)那顆假鉆石毫無價值，竊賊才知道自己上當受騙了。根據(jù)關鍵詞“假鉆石”可知B符合句意。

7.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項hardly表示“幾乎不，簡直不，剛剛”，C選項merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項barely表示“僅僅，勉強，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要別人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應表示肯定。因此，只有A選項最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為A選項。

8.單選題

Wewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlya（）inthedistance.

問題1選項

A.point

B.jar

C.dot

D.stove

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項point“要點；得分”；B選項jar“罐；廣口瓶”；C選項dot“點，圓點；嫁妝”；D選項stove“火爐；窯”。句意：我們一直看著輪船，直到它變成遠處的一個圓點。根據(jù)前半句句意“我們一直看著輪船”以及until可知，C符合題意。

9.翻譯題

AsTechnologyGetsBetter,WillSocietyGetWorse?Imaginethattwopeoplearecarvingasix-footslabofwoodatthesametime.Oneisusingahand-chisel,theother,achainsaw.Ifyouareinterestedinthefutureofthatslab,whomwouldyouwatch?

Thischainsaw/chisellogichasledsometosuggestthattechnologicalevolutionismoreimportanttohumanity’snearfuturethanbiologicalevolution,nowadays,itisnotthebiologicalchiselbutthetechnologicalchainsawthatismostquicklyredefiningwhatitmeanstobehumanThedevicesweusechangethewaywelivemuchfasterthananycontestamonggenes.We’retheblockofwood,evenif,asIwroteinJanuary,sometimeswedon’tevenfullynoticethatwe’rechanging.

1.Assumingthatwereallyareevolvingaswewearorinhabitmoretechnologicalprosthetics—likeever-smarterphones,helpfulglasses,andbrainycars—here’sthebigquestion:Willthattypeofevolutiontakeusindesirabledirections,asweusuallyassumebiologicalevolutiondoes?

Some,liketheWiredfounderKevinKelly,believethattheanswerisaresounding“yes”.Inhisbook“WhatTechnologyWants”.Kellywrites:2.“Technologywantswhatlifewants;Increasingefficiency;Increasingopportunity;Increasingemergence;Increasingcomplexity;Increasingdiversity;Increasingspecialization;Increasingubiquity;Increasingfreedom;Increasingmutualism;Increasingbeauty;Increasingsentience;Increasingstructure;Increasingevolvability.”

Wecantestthe“Increasing”theorybytakingaquicktripupnorth,toanisolatedareasouthoftheHudsonBay.HerelivetheOji-Cree,apeople,numberingaboutthirtythousand,whoinhabitacoldanddesolatelandroughlythesizeofGermany.Formuchofthetwentiethcentury,theOji-Creelivedatatechnologicallevelthatcanbedescribedasrelativelysimple.Asnomads,theylivedintentsduringthesummer,andincabinsduringthewinter.Snowshoes,dogsleds,andcanoeswerethemainmodesoftransportation,usedtotrackandkillfish,rabbits,andmooseforfood.AdoctorwhoworkedwiththeOji-Creeinthenineteen-fortieshasnotedtheabsenceofmentalbreakdownsorsubstanceabusewithinthepopulationobservingthat“thepeoplelivedarugged,rigorouslifewithplentyofexercise.”theOji-Creeinvariablyimpressedforeignerswiththeirvigorandstrength.Anothervisitor,inthenineteen-fifties,wroteoftheir“ingenuity,courage,andself-sacrifice,”nothingthat,intheNorth,“onlythosepreparedtofacehardshipandmakesacrificescouldsurvive.”

TheOji-CreehavebeenincontactwithEuropeansettlersforcenturies,butitwasonlyinthenineteen-sixties,whentrucksbeganmakingthetripnorth,thatnewertechnologiesliketheinternalcombustionengineandelectricityreallybegantoreachtheareas.TheOji-Creeeagerlyembracedthesenewtools.Inourlingo,wemightsaythattheywentthrougharapidevolution,advancingthroughhundredsofyearsoftechnologyinjustafewdecades.

Thegoodnewsisthat,nowadays,theOji-Creenolongerfacethethreatofwinterstarvation,whichregularlykilledpeopleinearliertimes.Theycanmoreeasilyimportandstorethefoodtheyneed,andtheyenjoypleasureslikesweetsandalcohol.Lifehasbecomemorecomfortable.Theconstantlaborofcanoeingorsnowshoeinghasbeeneliminatedbyoutboardenginesandsnowmobiles.Televisionmadeitnorthinthenineteen-eighties,andhasprovedenormouslypopular.

But,inthemain,theOji-Creestoryisnotahappyone.3.Sincethearrivalofnewtechnologies,thepopulationhassufferedamassiveincreaseinmorbidobesity,heartdisease,andType2diabetes.Socialproblemsarerampant;idleness,alcoholism,drugaddiction,andsuicidehavereachedsomeofthehighestlevelsonearth.Diabetes,inparticular,hasbecomesocommon(affectingfortypercentofthepopulation)thatresearcherthinkthatmanychildren,afterexposureinthewomb,arebornwithanincreasedpredispositiontothedisease.Childhoodobesityiswidespread,andten-year-oldssometimesappearmiddle-aged.Recently,theChiefofasmallOji-CreecommunityestimatedthathalfofhisadultpopulationwasaddictedtoOxyContinorotherpainkiller.

Technologyisnottheonlycauseofthesechanges,butscientistshavemadeclearthatitisadrivingfactor.Inprevioustimes,theOji-Creelifestylerequireddailyworkoutsthatrivaledthoseofaprofessionalathlete.“Intheearly20thcentury,”writesoneresearcher,"walkingupto100km/daywasnotuncommon.”Butthosedaysareover,replacedbymoderncomforts.Despitetheintroductionofmodernmedicine,thehealthoutcomesoftheOji-Creehavedeclinedinwaysthatwillnotbeeasytoreverse.TheOji-Creeareliterallybeingkilledbytechnologicaladvances.

TheOji-Creeareanunusualcase.Itcantakeasocietytimetoadjusttonewtechnologies,andthegrouphasalsosufferedothertraumas,likecolonizationandthedestructionofculturalcontinuity.Nonetheless,thestoryoffersanimportantwarningforthehumanrace.Theproblemwithtechnologicalevolutionisthatitisunderourcontroland,unfortunately,wedon’talwaysmakethebestdecisions.

4.Thisisalsotheprincipaldifferencebetweentechnologicalandbiologicalevolution.Biologicalevolutionisdrivenbysurvivalofthefittest,asadaptivetraitsarethosethatmakethesurvivalandreproductionofapopulationmorelikely.Itisn’tperfect,butatleast,inaroughway,itfavorsorganismswhoareadaptedtotheirenvironments.

Technologicalevolutionhasadifferentmotiveforce.Itisself-evolution,anditisthereforedrivenbywhatwewantasopposedtowhatisadaptive.Inamarketeconomy,itisevenmorecomplex:formostofus,ourtechnologicalidentitiesaredeterminedbywhatcompaniesdecidetosellbasedonwhattheybelievewe,asconsumers,willpayfor.Asaspecies,weoftenaren’tmuchdifferentfromtheOji-Cree.Comfort-seekingmissiles,wespendthemosttominimizepainandmaximizepleasure.Whenitcomestotechnologies,wemainlywanttomakethingseasy.Nottobebored.Oh,andmaybetolookabityounger.

Ourwill-to-comfort,combinedwithourtechnologicalpowers,createsastarkpossibility.Ifwe’renotcareful,ourtechnologicalevolutionwilltakeustowardnotasingularitybutasofalarity.That’safuturedefinednotbyanevolutiontowardsuperintelligencebutbytheabsenceofdiscomforts.

Thesofalarity(picturedmemorablyinthefilm“Wall-E”isnotinevitableeither.Buttheprospectofitmakesclearthat,asaspecies,weneedmechanismtokeephumanitynotrack.5.Thetechnologyindustry,whichdoessomuchtodefineus,hasadutytocatertoourmorecompleteselvesratherthanjustournarrowinterests.Ithasboththeopportunityandthemeanstoreachforsomethinghigher.And,asconsumers,weshouldrememberthatourcollectivedemandsdriveourdestinyasaspecies,anddefinetheposthumancondition.

【答案】1.假設當我們用更多的科技手段——比如越來越智能的手機，方便的眼鏡和智能汽車——來彌補自身不足時，我們確實也在進化，一個重大問題就出現(xiàn)了：這樣的進化能否像生物進化那樣，把我們帶向更加美好的未來？

2.科技想要的就是生活想要的：增進效率、機會、新事物，增強復雜性、增進多元化、增強專業(yè)度、增進普遍化、增強自由度、增強協(xié)作、增添美麗、增強感官能力、增強條理性、增強人的進步能力。

3.自新技術出現(xiàn)以后，這里的人們就飽受肥胖癥、心臟病和第二型糖尿病的折磨。社會問題也蔓延猖獗：失業(yè)率、嗜酒率、吸毒率以及自殺率飆升，有些甚至達到了世界最高水平。糖尿病變得尤其普遍(影響著40%的人口)，研究者們認為許多兒童由于在子宮中就受到影響，生來就有更嚴重的糖尿病傾向。

4.這也是技術與生物進化的主要區(qū)別，生物進化是以優(yōu)勝劣汰為驅動力的，因為適應性特征使生物種群生存和繁殖的可能性更大，它不是完美的，但至少在以一個大致的方式進行，它對適應環(huán)境的生物是有利的。

5.科技產業(yè)對我們來說非常重要，它有責任來滿足我們真正的自我，而非我們狹隘的嗜好。科技產業(yè)有機會也有能力取得更高的成就。另外，作為消費者的我們也應該牢記，我們的共同需求推動著我們作為人類物種的命運，決定著新一代人類的未來。

10.單選題

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

問題1選項

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項meal“一頓飯”；B選項banquet“宴會，盛宴”；C選項refreshment“飲料，小食”；D選項snack“點心，小吃”。句意：瑪麗和約翰正忙著為他們的婚宴找一家酒店。根據(jù)“wedding”可知這里應該選用一個比較正式的詞，故選B項，表示“婚宴”。

11.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項deficiency“缺陷，缺點”。D選項absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們怎么能完成這項工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話，難以完成這項工作”。因此D選項符合題意。

12.翻譯題

TheRealReasonMattDamonWasBroughtintoSaveAncientChina"Now,whataboutthatmovieabouttheGreatWallofChinastarringeveryone’sfavoriteChineseactorMattDamon?"

1.Itwasjustoneofaslewofcommentsonsocialmediainthepastfewweekslampooningahugeactionmoviethatisscheduledtohittheatersearlyin2017.“TheGreatWall”,aco-productionbetweenChinaandHollywood,isthemostexpensivefilmevershotentirelyinChina,costingmorethan$150million.ThemoviefeaturesMattDamon,WillemDafoeandaslateofpopularChineseactorsusingtheGreatWalltodefendhumanityfromamonsterattack.

Butsincethefilm’strailerwasreleased,journalistsandcommentatorsonsocialmediahavecriticizeditfor"whitewashing"—replacingrolesthatcouldorshouldbecastwithactorsofcolorwithwhiteactors.WhatisMattDamondoingsavingancientChina,anyway?Couldn’ttheChinesehandlethatonthemselves?

2.Thecriticsdefinitelyhaveapoint—thefilmindustryhasalongaridtroublinghistoryofminimizingactorsofcolors.Someintheindustryboycottedthe2016Oscars,afteronlywhiteactorsandactresseswerechosenforthetopfourcategoriesforthesecondyearinarow.Andmoviesincluding.“Dr.Strange”,“GhostintheShell"and“Aloha”haveallrecentlybeencriticizedforcastingwhiteactressesinoriginallyAsianroles,justthelatestepisodeinalonghistoryofwhitewashinginHollywood.

Yet,there’salsoanironythatmanyhavemissed.DespiteDamon’sprominentappearance,thenutsandboltsof"TheGreatWall”aremoreChinesethanperhapsanymajorco-productionbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinahasbeenbefore.WithinChina,themovieisbeinghailedasthefirstofitskindtobemadebyamajorChinesedirector,backedbyChinese-ownedHollywoodstudioandfeaturingChinesehistoricalthemes.Andifsuccessful,itcouldmarkastepforwardfortheinfluenceoftheChinesefilmindustryaroundtheworld.

"TheGreatWallisdefinitelyamongthebiggestbudgetco-productions,andit’sthefirstverylargebudgetoneinwhichthereisamajorChinesecreativeforcebehindit,”saysAnneKokas,asassistantprofessorofmediastudiesattheUniversityofVirginiaandtheauthoroftheforthcomingbook,“HollywoodmadeinChina.”“That’spartofthestorythat'sgettingleftout.”

3.Inrecentyears,Hollywoodhasbegunavidlycourtingmovie-goersinChina,theworld’sseconds-largestmarketthatcouldsurpasstheUnitedStatestobecomethelargestnextyear.TheChinesefilmindustryisalsoeagertodevelopfilmsthatappealtoitsownaudiencesthatcanalsosucceedoutsideitsborders.CreatingafilmthatcapturesaudiencesinbothChinaandtheUnitedStateshasbeenaHollyGrailfortheglobalfilmthisyear,thefirsttimeamajorAmericanproductioncompanyhascomeunderChineseControl.

ThefilmwaswrittenbyHollywoodscreenwriters,anditfeaturesWesternstarsDamon,DafoeandPedroPascal,apparentlyinabidtoattractaudiencesoutsideChina'sborders.ThereisanotherlessrecognizedwayinwhichtheheroismofDamon'scharacter,aEuropeanmercenary,whoultimatelyhelpstosaveChina,couldbeseenasproblematic.

4.DirectorZhangYimouspokeouttodefend"TheGreatWall”againstchargesofwhitewashinglatelastweek.“Inmanyways'TheGreatWall’istheoppositeofwhatisbeingsuggested.Forthefirsttime,afilmdeeplyrootedinChineseculture,withoneofthelargestChinesecastseverassembled,isbeingmadeattentpolescaleforaworldaudience.”Headded,"MattDamonisnotplayingarolethatwasoriginallyconceivedforaChineseactor."

Othershavepointedtoanobviousprofitmotiveinthechoice,sayingthatDamon'spresenceinthefilmislikelytobringinviewersaroundtheworldwhowouldn’tordinarilywatchafilmsetinancientChina.Inaddition,thestrategyofputtingawhiteHollywoodactoratthehelmofamovietobroadenitsreachcanfailtoo,asConstanceWupointedout.That'strueforChinesefilmsaswell:ChinesestudioshavepaidmillionsofdollarstostarsincludingChristianBale,AdrienBrodyandJohnCusacktoappearinmostlyChinesefilmsthatultimatelyhadlittlesuccessinWesternmarkets.

5.InsideChina,theconversationsurroundingthefilmhasbeenverydifferent.MostChinesehavecheeredit,seeingZhangYimou’sinabig-budgetHollywoodfilmandtheprominenceoftheGreatWallasforcesthatcouldadvanceChina’sculturalinfluenceabroad.AndnowwhatLegendaryEntertainmentisownedbyChinesecompanyDalianWanda,thoseintheindustryarewatchingeagerlytoseewhetherChina’sinfluenceinHollywoodandtheglobalfilmmarketwillgrow.

If“TheGreatWall”isaboxofficefit,itcouldserveasamodelforfutureChina-U.S.co-production.Ifitflops,itwilllikelyleavetheindustryfurtherconfusedabouthowtocreatefilmthatappealstobothChineseandinternationalaudiences-andwhethersuchataskcanreliablybedone.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這只是過去幾周在社交媒體上對一部定于2017年初上映的大型動作電影進行嘲諷的眾多評論之一。由中國和好萊塢聯(lián)合制作的《長城》是有史以來完全在中國拍攝的最昂貴的電影，耗資超過1.5億美元。

2.【參考譯文】影評人有自己的道理——電影業(yè)有一個長期令人不安的慣例，那就是一直在減少演員的膚色。一些業(yè)內人士抵制了2016年的奧斯卡頒獎典禮，因為只有白人男女演員連續(xù)兩年進入前四名。

3.【參考譯文】近年來，好萊塢已經開始在中國熱切地吸引電影觀眾。中國是世界第二大市場，明年可能會超過美國成為最大的市場。中國電影業(yè)也渴望開發(fā)出既能吸引本國觀眾，又能在海外取得成功的電影。

4.【參考譯文】上周晚些時候，導演張藝謀直言不諱地為《長城》辯護，駁斥了“粉飾”的指控?！皬暮芏喾矫鎭碇v，《長城》與人們的想法正好相反。一部擁有有史以來最大規(guī)模的中國演員陣容并且深深植根于中國文化的電影，正以大片的制作標準面向全球觀眾，這還是第一次?！?/p>

5.【參考譯文】在中國國內，圍繞這部電影的討論非常不同。大多數(shù)中國人為之歡呼，他們將張藝謀在好萊塢大制作電影中的表現(xiàn)以及《長城》的突出地位都視為可能提升中國文化在海外影響的力量。

13.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問題1選項

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關”；recognize表示“承認，認可”，常與as構成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認為，被當作”，有時也與with構成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識別出，被承認”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認，被認可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因為他們曾經在同所大學中學習過，所以彼此很熟悉。此時since引導原因狀語從句，因此，只有C項最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

14.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項substantial“大量的；實質的”；D選項potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠，以減少潛在的危險。所選之詞應修飾hazards(危險)，而且其意應為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險。故選D。

15.單選題

BydrinkingtoomuchCoke,herteethwereruinedandshehadtowearasetof（）teethatthirty.

問題1選項

A.supernatural

B.superficial

C.artificial

D.superstitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。supernatural“超自然的，神奇的，不可思議的”；superficial“表面的，膚淺的”；artificial“人造的，仿造的，虛偽的”；superstitious“迷信的”。根據(jù)關鍵詞ruined可知他的牙已經毀壞了，因此需要戴假牙，選項C符合題意。句意：由于喝了太多可樂，她的牙齒被毀壞了，不得不三十歲就戴上了假牙。

16.單選題

AftertheBostonMarathonbombings,theprocessbywhichbreakingnewsandinformationaregeneratedanddisseminatedlookedmoreraggedandexposedthanever:CNNstumbled,theNewYorkPostpaintedatargetonahigh-schooltrackathlete;Redditlaunchedafailedhuntforthebombers;andthenameofSunilTripathi,amissingBrownstudent,trendedonTwitterforallthewrongreasons.

Theissue,inpart,isvelocity:newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow,andfeweventsofthepastseveralyearshavecapturedAmerica’sattentionliketheBostonbombings.Everynewbitofinformationwasinstantly,indiscriminatelysuckedintothemediavacuum.Ifthereisamediumofthismoment,itisTwitter.

Twitter'sintrinsic,relentlessdrivingofthenewmakesitthequintessentialmediumofbreakingnews,particularlycombinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease.Byclicking"retweet,’youcanre-broadcastatweetfromsomebodytoallofyourfollowers.Atweet,andtheinformationitcontains,cangoviralinseconds.Socanmisinformation,ascountlesscelebritieskilledbyTwittercanattest.AndthemechanicsofTwitterofferonlyawkwardpartialsolutionstothatproblem.TheWiredwriterMatHonan,likemanyothers,re-blastedatweetreferringtoSunilTripathias"Suspect#2"intheBostonbombings.Thatinformationwasgravelywrong,but,asHonandescribes,therewaslittlehecoulddotopreventitfromself-perpetuating.

Deeplydisturbedbythisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation,HonanproposesthatTwittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted.Theoriginaltweetwouldremainintactwithinthecorrectedtweet,soitwouldnotsimplyvanishintoahole;therewouldbeaccountability.ThisimpulsetoregulatetheinformationeconomyofTwitterandensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable.ButitwouldruinTwitterasweknowit.

ForallofthewaysinwhichTwitterhasevolvedsinceitscreation,in2006,whenitwasknownas“twttr,”whathasnotchangedishowprofoundlyTwitterreliesonnowness.Nownessisnotsimplynewness,orthenew:thequestionTwitterusedtoaskofuserswhentheywenttocomposeatweet,“What’shappening?”isadirectinquiryaboutthestateofnow.Twitter’sintensefocusonimmediacyhasmanifestedinmanysmallways—forinstance,userscanonlyseetheirthreethousandmostrecenttweets(andtheserviceonlyrecentlyaddedtheabilityforuserstodownloadtheirentireTwitterarchiveandconductsearchesoftweetsfromthepast).But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat'snew,itiswhatthealgorithmsthinkisbest.

Twitterasamediumissointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive—it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast,eitherbyretweetingorfavoritingthem.MyfriendandIdidthattoeachotheryesterday,retweetingaseriesofstufffromseveralmonthsago;theyarrivedinmyfeedandhers,rippedawayfromanysenseofcontext.Itfeltembarrassing.(Thisworks,thoughslightlylesspowerfully,onothersocialnetworksthatutilizestreamsandemphasizethepresent.)

Oneofthewayswe'relearningtodealwiththetrade-offsinherenttoreal-timestreamsisaburgeoningself-awarenessoftheirpotentialtospreadmisinformationinhalfaheartbeat.Amechanismthatpurportstomakethatstreammoreaccurate—eventhoughacorrectionsbuttonwouldnotfullypreventbadinformationfromspreading—wouldlullustowardamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewofthatstream.AsNickKallen,aformersystemsengineeratTwitter,writes,"We'redealingwithanewmedium.Ithassomeaspectsofconversation,andsomeofbroadcast,someaspectsoflivetelevision,andsomeof(anedited)newspaper.Butitisnoneofthesethingsallatthesametime."

Twitterisnow,allthetime.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribetheessenceofTwitteraccordingtothetext?

2.Honan'spropositiononTwitterindicatesthat（）

3.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenTwitterandFacebookaccordingtothetext?

4.Whydoestheauthorsay"it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast”？

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesauthor’sopinion?

問題1選項

A.Findingfriendsandestablishingrelationship.

B.Spreadingnewsrelentlessintheeasiestway.

C.Makingrumorandtruthtrendedinitstimeline.

D.Communicatingbetweenfollowersandhosts.

問題2選項

A.misinformationcanbewellsolvedunderthemechanicsofTwitter.

B.abettercorrectionmechanismmustbeappliedtopreventtheinformationonTwittergoingviral.

C.littlecanusersdonowtopreventrumorsonTwitterfromself-perpetuating.

D.Twitterisinefficientinprovidingbreakingnewsinformation.

問題3選項

A.TwittershowsaunfilteredstreamforuserswhileFacebookshowsacuratedone.

B.TwitterandFacebookareusingdifferentalgorithmstofiltercontents.

C.TwitterprovidesnewsfeedswhileFacebookshowsthebestinformation.

D.TwitteroffersonlypartialsolutionsonmisinformationwhileFacebookhasabetteralgorithmtosolvetheproblem.

問題4選項

A.Becausethecontentsareretweetedorfavoritedbyhisfriends.

B.BecauseTwitteremphasizethepresentthatcontentnotofthenowisdisruptive.

C.Becausetheinformationexchangedcomesfromseveralmonthsago.

D.Becauseitworksonothersocialnetworksaswell.

問題5選項

A.Wearegettingamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewbyusingTwitter.

B.WeshouldbeawareofthepotentialofTwittertospreadmisinformation.

C.Twitterreliesonnewnesswhichequalstothestateofnow.

D.Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismforuserstoedittweetstheyhaveposted.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。第二段指出“newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow”，現(xiàn)在信息的傳播速度之快超過往。第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease”，結合它驚人的傳播新聞的能力……。由此可知B項“以最簡單的方式不間斷地傳播新聞”正確。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。文章多處提到Honan對于Twitter的提議。第四段指出：...thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation，沒有能力糾正病毒性錯誤信息。...Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted，Twitter應該有一個修正機制，允許用戶在發(fā)布推文后編輯和轉發(fā)。...ensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable，確保數(shù)據(jù)和新聞盡可能的正確且可以理解。因此，B項“應設立糾錯程序，以防止通過推特網傳播病毒信息”正確。

第3題:3.事實細節(jié)題。第五段指出“But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat’snew”，但是，最重要的是，當用戶登錄Twitter時，他們看到的是原創(chuàng)的、未經處理的信息流，最新鮮的內容放在首頁頭條。相比之下，F(xiàn)acebook提供給用戶的是經過加工處理的東西，而且放在首頁的頭條也不是最新信息。因此，A項“推特網向用戶提供的是未經處理的信息流，臉譜網提供的則是經過加工處理的東西”正確。

第4題:4.事實細節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段第一句提到：Twitter十分專注于當下，非當下的內容則是破壞性的（sointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive）。因此，B項正確。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。文章多處能體現(xiàn)作者的觀點態(tài)度。如第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease（結合它驚人的傳播新聞的能力）”。第四段指出“…thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation（沒有能力糾正病毒性錯誤信息）”。第五段指出“Twitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop（在推特網上，看到的是原創(chuàng)的、未經處理的信息流，最新鮮的內容放在首頁頭條）”。由此可以看出，C項“推特網注重新奇與時效性”正確。

17.單選題

Themagicianpicked（）severalfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。byaccident“偶然，意外地”；onoccasion“有時，偶爾”；atrandom“隨便地，隨機地，任意地”；onaverage“平均，普通”。魔術師應該是隨機地挑選幾位觀眾來幫助他完成表演。選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicm