2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

問題1選項

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣（即should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形）知C項“l(fā)eave”正確。

2.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

問題1選項

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項skip“跳躍、遺漏”；B選項soak“浸濕”；C選項retrieve“檢索、恢復(fù)”；D選項absorb“吸收、承受”，由題干可推測地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意為：這么多星期沒有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正確答案選D。

3.單選題

Ifindrecordsareoften（

）orbetterthananactualperformance.

問題1選項

A.asgoodas

B.asgood

C.good

D.goodas

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“orbetterthananactualperformance或比實際演出更好”的對應(yīng)知空格處指代“與實際演出一樣好”，由此知A項“asgoodas與……一樣好”正確。

4.單選題

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。本題考查詞義和詞形相近的單詞辨析。A選項translation“翻譯”，B選項transition“過渡、轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項transmission“傳遞、傳播”；D選項transaction“交易、事務(wù)”。根據(jù)題干that引導(dǎo)的從句的意思“人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去?！笨芍崭癫糠謫卧~意思為“傳播”，句意為：文化傳播表明人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去。因此正確答案選C。

5.單選題

IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.Inoticedthreecommentatorswhobroughtupthedelicatesubjectofthemostlymissingmales—GeorgeWill,GaiyBauer,andThomasBray,acolumnistfortheDetroitNews.Willnotedthat76percentofbirthstoLouisiana’sAfrican—Americansaretounmarriedwomen,andprobablymorethan80percentareinNewOrleans,sincethatistheusualestimateinotherinnercities.Willwrote:“Thattranslatesintoalargeandconstantlyrenewedcohortoflightlyparentedadolescentmales,andthattranslatesintochaos,inneighborhoodsandschools,comerainorcomeshine.”

Agooddealofhardevidenceshowsthatthisisso.Twodecadesofresearchproducedaconsensusamongsocialscientistsofbothleftandrightthatfamilystructurehasaseriousimpactonchildren,evenwhencontrollingforincome,race,andothervariables.Inotherwords,wearenottalkingaboutaproblemofracebutaboutaproblemoffamilyformationor,rather,thelackofit.Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.Theworstresultsarebynever-marriedwomen.

Inapolicybriefreleasedlastweek,theWashington-basedInstituteforMarriageandPublicPolicy,lookedat23recentstudiesdealingwithfamilystructureandyouthcrime.In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.Neighborhoodswithlotsofout-of-wedlockbirthshavelotsofcrime.Unfortunately,onestudysaidthatthemoresingle-parentfamiliestherewereinaneighborhood,themorecrimetherewasamongtwo-parentkidslivingaroundthem.Again,thesestudiesarecontrolledforrace.Adolescentsinsingle-parentfamilieswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohavepulledaknifeoragunonsomeoneinthepastyear.Thiswasaftercontrollingformanydemographicvariables,includingrace,gender,age,householdincome,andeducationallevelofparents.

Inalargesampleofstudentsin315classroomsin11cities,the“singlemostimportantvariable”inganginvolvementwasfoundtobefamilystructure.Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.AstudyofAmericanIndianfamiliesfoundthatlivinginatwo-parentfamilyreducedganginvolvementbymorethan50percent.

Anotherstudyconcludedthatout-of-wedlockchildbearinghadalargeeffectontherateofarrestsformurder,aneffectthat“seemstohavegottenstrongerovertime.”

“Adolescentsinmarried,two-biological-parentfamiliesgenerallyfarebetterthanchildreninanyofthefamilytypesexaminedhere.”onestudyreported.Theotherfamilytypesstudiedweresinglemother,cohabitingstepfather,andmarriedstepfatherfamilies.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Thebestresultsforchildrencomealmostcertainlyfrom（

）.

3.Thephrase“out-of-wedlockbirths”(Line4,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofchildren’sganginvolvement?

5.Whichisagoodfamilystructureforchildbearing?

問題1選項

A.GeorgeWillisworkingfortheDetroitNews.

B.LotsofblackwomenandchildrenwerekilledbyKatrina.

C.Unmarriedmalesoftenfeeleasilywiththeirchildren.

D.Lessthan20%birthstoNewOrleans’Americansaretomarriedwomen.

問題2選項

A.variousheavysocialpressures

B.theeconomystatusoftheirfamily

C.theircompletefamilyformation

D.theracewhichtheybelongto

問題3選項

A.homelesskids

B.two-parentkids

C.kidswithstep-father

D.kidswithnomarriedparents

問題4選項

A.Thereisonlyonethingthatinfluenceschildren’ganginvolvement.

B.ChildrenofAmericanIndianfamilieshaveahighlevelofganginvolvement.

C.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavealowerlevelofganginvolvement.

D.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavenoganginvolvement.

問題5選項

A.Atwo-biological-parentfamily.

B.Aout-of-wedlockfamily.

C.Asingle-motherfamily.

D.Amarriedstepfatherfamily.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.媒體花了一段時間才承認(rèn)卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的受害者大多是黑人。顯然，要提到大多數(shù)受害者是婦女和兒童，還需要更長的時間?！庇纱丝芍狟選項“很多黑人婦女和兒童被卡特里娜颶風(fēng)殺死”正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二、三、四句，句意為：經(jīng)過20年的研究，左右兩派社會科學(xué)家達成了一個共識，即家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對孩子有著嚴(yán)重的影響，即使在控制了收入、種族和其他變量的情況下也是如此。換句話說，我們討論的不是種族問題，而是家庭形成的問題，或者說是家庭缺乏的問題。對孩子來說，最好的結(jié)果——無論是學(xué)業(yè)成績、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財務(wù)和經(jīng)濟上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來的。由此可知家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對一個兒童的影響力是非常大的，因此選項C符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.在20項研究中，有19項發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對孩子有影響，來自不完整或單親家庭的孩子犯罪率更高。”可以推斷出D選項“有著未婚父母的小孩”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.換句話說，在家的父母數(shù)量越多，孩子加入幫會的可能性就越低”的對應(yīng)可推知C“雙親家庭的小孩參加幫會的可能性較低”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.對孩子來說，最好的結(jié)果——無論是學(xué)業(yè)成績、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財務(wù)和經(jīng)濟上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來的?！庇纱丝芍狝選項“有兩個親生父母的家庭”正確。

6.單選題

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

問題1選項

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。A選項inaidof“為了幫助”；B選項byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因為”；C選項inlightof“根據(jù)；鑒于”；D選項inrespectof“關(guān)于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做狀語，根據(jù)上下文可知byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因為”符合題意，句意為：去年，在政府的援助下，終于建立了一個同聲傳譯的展位。故答案選B。

7.單選題

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

問題2選項

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.?

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年級。我在學(xué)校的成績很糟糕，問題是，我還并不在意……我們每天晚上看電視。”可知選項D符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和媽媽住在底特律一個昏暗的多戶人家共同居住的房子里?！笨芍髡呒揖巢⒉缓?，故答案選B。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第二三段描述了作者的母親回到家關(guān)上電視要讓他們開始讀書，每周讀兩本并寫報告，家里沒書就開車送他們?nèi)D書館等等，由此可知母親是下定決心讓兒子們讀書，因此答案選B。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有兩個壞脾氣的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奧茲莫比爾汽車上，在去底特律公共圖書館的路上。”可知他們不情愿去圖書館，故答案選B。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.當(dāng)時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這段經(jīng)歷和看電視完全不同。在我的腦海里形成了一些圖像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻過一頁，一次又一次地回到他們身邊。”可知作者愛上讀書是因為書能給他全新的感受，讓他浮想聯(lián)翩，而不是因為他能反復(fù)地讀這些書，因此答案選B。

8.單選題

WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreetinvestmentbankerstounderwritethecompany’smassiveinitialpublicoffering,theylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsavetheusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.

TowinachunkoftheGooglebusiness,Goldman,thenation’spremierinvestmentbank,setfreeitsCEO:HankPaulson,topullsomestrings.PaulsonisoneofWallStreet’sbest“callmen”,whocanwaveaPalmPDAfullofconnectionswhenit’scrunchtimetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.

PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerr,oneofKleiner’stoppartners.Badmove,whenwordofPaulson’smisstepgotbacktoGoogle’stopexecutives,Goldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthetopoftheshortlist.“ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules,”saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.“Whentheyheardaboutthis,theywentape.”Noneofthepartiesinvolved—Google,GoldmanSachsorDoerr—wouldcomment.

Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.JohnMack,CSFB’sfamouslywell-connectedchiefexecutive,purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfearthathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayer,peoplewithknowledgeofthemattersay.Meanwhile,newrulesforWallStreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeeker,MorganStanley’stopInternetanalyst,fromplayingadirectrole,eventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherforyears.

Goldman,meanwhile,can’tblameitslossjustonPaulson.PeopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedtoGoogleabouttheGoldmanname,anddidn’tgenerateenoughideasabouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction.“TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,”saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimes,itreallydoespaytoplaybytherules.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

2.HankPaulson’snameismentionedtoshowthat（

）.

3.Thespeakerinthethirdparagraphthinksthat（

）.

4.JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth（

）.

5.GoldmanmightlearnalessonfromGoogle’sdealthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.GooglefollowedtherulesofWallStreet.

B.GoldmanSachsdisobeyedGoogle’srules.

C.GoldmanSachsfollowedGoogle’srules.

D.BigfirmsinWallStreetareafraidofGoogle.

問題2選項

A.heisafamousbankerinWallStreet

B.hefailedbyfollowingGoogle’srules

C.helostGoogle’sdealbyusinggamesmanship

D.helostGoogle’sdealtohisrivals

問題3選項

A.JohnDoerrwasthebestshotforPaulson

B.GoldmanwaswronginGoogle’sdeal

C.GooglemadeafussaboutPaulson’sact

D.Googlefollowedtherulesperfectly

問題4選項

A.behavedwithdeliberaterestraintormodesty

B.purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocess

C.workedtogetherwithDoerrforyears

D.tippedthescaletotheirrivals

問題5選項

A.theyshouldnotunleashitsCEOtopullsomestrings

B.theyshouldalwaysplaybytherules

C.Paulsonisnottherightpersontoleadthehank

D.it’svitaltohavegoodperceptioninmarketing

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段“Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.但是，考慮到如此巨額的發(fā)薪日——估計有1億美元用于處理股票發(fā)行的費用——你還指望所有的大公司都遵守谷歌規(guī)則嗎？當(dāng)然不是，問問高盛公司就知道了?！庇纱丝傻玫紹選項“高盛公司不服從谷歌的規(guī)定”符合題意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.但《新聞周刊》獲悉，保爾森試圖繞過谷歌的指令，與谷歌最大的投資者之一、實力強大的風(fēng)險投資公司凱鵬華盈接洽。這家公司是谷歌的早期支持者。這一舉動使高盛贏得主承銷席位的努力陷入了失敗，最終被瑞士信貸第一波士頓（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）取代。”由此可知保爾森雖然用了些手段，但是沒有贏得谷歌的生意，因此選項C正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“‘ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules’,saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.‘谷歌的人對這些規(guī)則是如此狂熱’，在其競爭對手華爾街公司工作的一名高管表示?！庇纱丝芍雀韫臼欠浅Ｖ匾暽虡I(yè)投標(biāo)的規(guī)則，并且十分遵守規(guī)則的。因此選項D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.瑞士信貸第一波士頓（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）這兩家贏家設(shè)法保持了低調(diào)?！焙汀皃urposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessfor…甚至是故意和招標(biāo)過程保持距離?！庇纱丝芍狝選項“有意克制或謙虛的行為舉止”是兩個人的共同之處，因此選A。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“‘TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,’saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.他們?nèi)狈I銷智慧對他們的傷害可能比保爾森更大?！庇纱丝芍獡碛袪I銷洞察力在競爭中是十分重要的因素，因此D選項“goodperceptioninmarketing良好的營銷感知能力”符合題意，因此選D。

9.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當(dāng)其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當(dāng)今環(huán)境中。”可推知作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機構(gòu)和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認(rèn)真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

10.單選題

Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.

問題1選項

A.talking

B.speaking

C.addressing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項talk“說，談話”；B選項speak“講話，發(fā)言”；C選項address“演講，致詞”；D選項discuss“討論”，四個選項意思相近，但是talk強調(diào)動作雙方溝通，speak側(cè)重單方的講話，address指在某活動或者工作中的發(fā)言，句意為：當(dāng)你作為高管向一群經(jīng)理演講時，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指導(dǎo)方針很有幫助。故選項C更符合題意。

11.單選題

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.

Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,moreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?

3.Theword“rudimentary”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould（

）.

5.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”(Lines1-2,Para.3)toindicatethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.

B.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.

C.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.

D.Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項

A.Theuseofinsufficientinsulation.

B.Inadequateunderstandingofphysics.

C.Thelackofanetworkforthedistributionofice.

D.Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars.

問題3選項

A.growing

B.necessary

C.undeveloped

D.uninteresting

問題4選項

A.stopairfromcirculating

B.allowicetomeltslowly

C.useblanketstoconserveice

D.completelypreventicefrommelting

問題5選項

A.Moore’sactionswerehonest

B.Moore’sfamilywasprosperous

C.Moore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessful

D.Moore’sfarmwasclosetotheWashingtonmarketeD.completelypreventicefrommelting

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章，第一段講了“冰盒”這個冰箱原始的名稱出現(xiàn)的時間，以及時間上的發(fā)展。第二段和第三段都是圍繞冰箱，也就是制冷的發(fā)展的各個方面來展開的。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀(jì)早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學(xué)的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學(xué)是至關(guān)重要的”和最后一句“Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.直到19世紀(jì)末，發(fā)明家才實現(xiàn)了高效冰箱所需的隔熱和流通的微妙平衡?！庇纱丝芍?，答案選B。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第二段第二句“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀(jì)早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學(xué)的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學(xué)是至關(guān)重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表語，主語是theknowl