2022年考研考博-考博英語-新疆大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號58

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-新疆大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JamesCook,（）,alsodiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.

問題1選項

A.byexploringtheSouthSeahereachedAustralia

B.exploredtheSouthSeaandreachingAustralia

C.whoexploredtheSouthSeaandreachedAustralia

D.exploredtheSouthSeathenreachedAustralia

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句。C選項做定語從句修飾主語JamesCook，定語從句中的謂語explored和reached由and并列，時態(tài)語態(tài)一致，整個句子代入到題干中無語法錯誤。句意：詹姆斯庫克探索了南海并到達了澳大利亞，他也發(fā)現(xiàn)了夏威夷群島。A選項中hereachedAustralia是一個完整句子，代入到題干中，整個句子出現(xiàn)多個主語和謂語，并且沒有適當?shù)倪B詞或引導詞，因此A錯誤；B選項中and后的動詞是reaching而and之前的動詞是explored，and并列的兩個動詞之間的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不一致，因此錯誤；D選項表達的邏輯關系不正確。因此C選項符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay,“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsatweekend.

Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.

【答案】【參考譯文】

還需要指出的是，有理性的、勤勞的、有用的人們可分為兩類：第一類人，工作就是工作，享樂就是享樂；第二類人，其工作和享樂是合二為一的。兩類人中，前一類是大多數(shù)。這一類人的辛勤自有回報：在辦公室或工廠里度過的漫長的工作時間不僅解決他們的生計問題，而且使他們能痛快地享受哪怕是最簡單平常的樂趣。但是命運厚愛的孩子卻是第二類人。他們的生活自然而和諧，對他們來說，工作時間從來就不會顯得太長。每一天都是節(jié)，而當平常人的節(jié)日來臨時，他們就覺得不自在，覺得那是對自己正痛快地過著的節(jié)日的干擾。不過無論對哪一類人來說，換個角度來看問題，換個氛圍生活，換個方向努力，倒是至關重要。

3.不定項選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

問題2選項

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

問題3選項

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

問題4選項

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

問題5選項

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

問題6選項

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

問題7選項

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

問題8選項

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項的意思是：A：描述熱點如何影響火山的滅絕；B：描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成；C：解釋如何估計死火山熔巖流的年齡；D：描述熱點并解釋它們如何影響和記錄板塊的運動；E：描述太平洋島鏈的形成和方向。本文介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點，并且詳細解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運動的：除了作為參照系外，熱點顯然還影響著推動板塊橫穿全球的地球物理過程。因此D項正確。

24.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：只能在島嶼附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：離地球表面更近；D：可以沿著板塊的邊緣找到；E：熔巖中有更多的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（與大多數(shù)火山不同的是，熱點很少出現(xiàn)在構成地殼的大陸板塊和海洋板塊的邊界上；大多數(shù)熱點位于板塊內部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層。熱點與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，這些熔巖比那些來自板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬）。由此可知，E項“熔巖中有更多的堿金屬”正確。

25.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：大陸的輪廓；B：海洋熱點尺寸；C：兩個熱點同時移動；D：海底裂縫的模式；E：幾個大洋中部島鏈的構造。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經過熱點時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點涌出，太平洋板塊大致經過熱點從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結構）。由此可知太平洋板塊明顯的運動軌跡的證據(jù)是由幾個大洋中部島鏈的構造提供的，故選E項，其余選項并不符合題意。

26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：熱點是活躍的；B：大陸板塊移動了；C：大陸破裂迫在眉睫；D：“熱點”移動得非?？?；E：火山含有大量的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止的最有力的證據(jù)是，在一些熱點地區(qū)，幾個時代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序排列的），而該句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠離它而漂移）。因此，B項“大陸板塊移動了”是正確選項。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：這三個群島正在向東移動；B：三個島鏈上的所有島嶼都停止了移動；C：這三個島鏈是同一板塊運動的結果；D：夏威夷群島正以相對較快的速度從其他兩個島鏈中撤退；E：南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺鏈越來越靠近，而夏威夷群島則保持不變。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經過熱點時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點涌出，太平洋板塊大致經過熱點從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結構）。因此，C項“這三個島鏈是同一板塊運動的結果”正確，其余選項均不符合原文所述。

28.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：熱點比大陸和海洋板塊移動得更快，原文并未提及；B：熱點是大陸板塊年齡的可靠指標，原文并未提及；C：熱點是僅在大陸板塊內部發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山活動區(qū)，第一段指出：mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface（大多數(shù)熱點位于板塊內部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層），原文只是說“大多數(shù)”，因此C項錯誤；D：太平洋熱點的排列與太平洋島嶼的排列是平行的，原文并未提及；E：非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經構成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點斷裂。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞mutability可定位至最后一段最后一句：sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability（因此，熱點活動可能會提出一種理論來解釋它們的可變性），前面作者指出：Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates…（在某些情況下，大陸板塊可能會沿著一些裂縫完全斷裂，這樣熱點就會引發(fā)新的海洋的形成，因此，就像早先的理論解釋了大陸板塊的流動性一樣），因此E選項“非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經構成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點斷裂”能夠最好證明作者觀點：熱點活動可以解釋大陸板塊的可變性。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：在板塊的邊界永遠不會發(fā)現(xiàn)熱點；B：當板塊移動到一個熱點上時，只有死火山仍然存在；C：并不是所有熱點的熔巖流模式都是一樣的；D：熱點的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到決定性的證明；E：島嶼不斷變化的形狀使得確定熱點的位置變得困難。題干問的是作者認為熱點可以用來重建大陸板塊運動的論點被以下哪一項駁斥了？根據(jù)題干可定位至第三段：HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily（然而，板塊相對于地球內部的相對運動并不容易確定）.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠離它而漂移）.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止不動的最有力證據(jù)是，在一些熱點地區(qū)，不同年代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序分散開來的）.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso（當然，從熱點火山的軌跡重建板塊運動假設熱點是不動的，或者幾乎是不動的）。由此可知，熱點的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到決定性的證明，故選D項。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：戲劇的；B：陳舊的；C：深奧難懂的；D：客觀的；E：人道的。題干問的是作者的行文風格，本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點，并且詳細解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運動的。因此作者行文的風格可以用“客觀”來形容，故選D。

4.不定項選擇題

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperamentdiscoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentitin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.

Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbyper-moderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshighpoweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartier-Bresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraaninstrumentof“fastseeing.”Cartier-Bresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.

Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpas—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywide-spreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas（）.

2.Theauthor’sisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollowingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.rapidlychanging

B.cyclicallyrecurring

C.steadilygrowing

D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs

問題2選項

A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography

B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking

C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury

D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork

問題3選項

A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures

B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth

C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury

D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology

問題4選項

A.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer

B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct

C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer

D.extentofthepowerthateachrequiresofthephotographer’sequipment

問題5選項

A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocaptureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.

B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspend,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.

C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycannotforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.

D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞twoideals定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.（因此，拍照兩個理想總是被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)和擁護），可知B選項“周期性重復出現(xiàn)”符合題意；A，D選項“快速變化”“對照片的觀眾來說不重要”在文章內沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs...（無論攝影是一種與繪畫同等的個人表現(xiàn)形式，它的獨創(chuàng)性都不可避免地與機器的力量聯(lián)系在一起。這些力量的穩(wěn)步增長，使許多照片的非凡的信息性和想象力的形式美成為可能）可知穩(wěn)步增長的是機器的力量，由此可以排除C選項“穩(wěn)步增長”；因此B選項符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.（也就是說，攝影有兩個相反的理想：第一，攝影是關于世界的，攝影師只是一個無足輕重的觀察者；第二，攝影是一種無畏、求索主體性的工具，攝影者是一切）提出了攝影有兩個相反的影響這個觀點，接下來幾段都圍繞這兩個觀點展開，因此B選項“分析攝影理想對攝影的影響”是作者關心的內容；A選項“為當代攝影建立新的技術標準”和C選項“追溯20世紀照相機技術的發(fā)展”在原文中未提及；D選項“描述攝影師的個人氣質如何反映在他們的作品中”只是原文中片面的內容，用來支撐作者所提出的攝影有兩個相反的影響這個觀點，排除。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)關鍵詞HaroldEdgerton可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句話itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine（它的獨創(chuàng)性都不可避免地與機器的力量聯(lián)系在一起）可以得知D選項正確，由文章最后一段第一句Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.（這種對攝影手段的矛盾心理決定了品味的趨勢）可以得知A選項“對攝影手段有節(jié)制的矛盾心理是如何產生杰出的照片的”錯誤，文章提及了矛盾心理會影響品味的趨勢但并沒有提到是如何因此產生杰出照片；和B選項“從19世紀到20世紀，照片的內容是如何變化的”以及C選項“20世紀高速攝影的普及”在原文中都沒提到；D選項“攝影創(chuàng)意與技術的關系”，因此D選項符合題意。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.（也就是說，攝影有兩個對立的理想：第一，攝影是關于世界的，攝影者只是一個無足輕重的觀察者；但在第二種情況下，攝影是無畏的、探索的主體性的工具，而攝影師就是一切。），可知A選項“每個人定義攝影師角色的方式”正確；B選項“強調每個地方對最終產品的情感影響”，C選項“每個人對攝影師的技術知識要求的程度”以及D選項“每個人對攝影師設備的要求的力量的程度”在原文中未提到，錯誤；因此A選項符合題意。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。倒數(shù)一二段都在提及技術的發(fā)展給攝影師帶來的思考和改變，人們對未來（越來越快的視覺）的狂熱，與對回歸更純粹的過去的渴望交替出現(xiàn)，因此C選項“然而，對技術知識的拒絕決不可能是完全的，攝影也不可能在任何時間里假裝它沒有武器”最有可能出現(xiàn)在下一段；A選項“由于攝影師對時間的高度意識，他們總是試圖捕捉那些稍縱即逝的事件和行為”在前文沒有大篇幅的提起，所以不可能馬上開始在文章的下一段；由倒數(shù)第一段Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpas—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywide-spreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.（隨著時間的推移，人們對未來（越來越快的視覺）的狂熱，與對回歸更純粹的過去的渴望交替出現(xiàn)——那時的圖像具有手工制作的質量。這種對攝影事業(yè)某些原始狀態(tài)的懷舊情緒目前正在廣泛傳播，它是當今對達蓋爾銀版照相法和被遺忘的19世紀省級攝影師作品的熱情的基礎。）可以得知對未來的崇拜和對回歸過去的渴望是交替出現(xiàn)，B選項“因此，對未來的崇拜，對機器和消費的崇拜，盡管一些攝影師的努力相反，卻牢固地建立起來”錯誤；D選項“然而，拒絕復雜設備所涉及的榮譽問題對照片的觀看者來說沒有意義”在原文中沒有提及。因此C選項符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最難忘的是燕園的小路。

無論從哪個校門走進來，大大小小筆直或者蜿蜒的路，都會把你引到湛藍清澈的未名湖畔。碧綠的垂柳和橙黃的小路鑲嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛滿了佳釀的酒杯，送到你面前，盡你領略它的慷慨與盛情。只要你在湖邊小路上眺望—會兒，一種寧靜的美就會流進心中。

常常是黃昏或者夜晚。丟了一天的疲倦和紛擾，我漫步在未名湖邊的小路上。明滅閃爍的路燈撒下朦朦朧朧的光暈，如霧似雨。搖曳的樹影和輕輕的晚風，送來花的清香。間或有數(shù)點草蟲的鳴叫，一縷縷年輕人的笑語和歌聲，飄到小路上來，與湖面上倒映的燈火，暗藍的樹影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一鉤淡淡的新月，輝映成有聲有色的圖景。真像是一首詩，一首寫不盡讀不完的詩。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

6.單選題

Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidly（）itisclosertothesun.

問題1選項

A.when

B.or

C.than

D.wherever

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項when“當……時候”；B選項or“或者”；C選項than“比”；D選項wherever“無論在哪里”。句意：當?shù)厍螂x太陽較近時，它的公轉速度稍快一些。故A項符合句意。

7.不定項選擇題

ThisisWPCSuePorter’sthirdyearasamemberofAvonandSomerset’staskforce,aspecialized“hit-squad”providingsupportforhercolleagues.Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.Fromdisarmingaknifeattackertobringingroundthevictimofacarcrashsheisexpectedtoperformaswellastheboys.

Her119malecolleaguesinthesquadwoulddoubtlessrecognizethatthewords“taskforce”areusuallyassociatedwithmales.Totrytoremedythistheunitwasrenamed“supportteam”onJanuary1.Porter,26,isoneofthreewomenworkinginit.“I’mnotouttoprovesomethingbecauseI’mawoman.I’mouttobeme.Theycan’texpectanymorefrommeandiftheydothey’regoingtobedisappointed,”shesays.

Porterislessthan5ft5intallandweighsaboutninestone.Inafightshesayshercolleagueswouldprobablyfeelbetterwitha6ftwell-builtmanbehindthem.“IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.”Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.

Portersaystheviolenceisthere,nomatterwhatsexyouare.“Beingawomanmakeslittledifference.Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.Butsometimesacoupleofmenwillreactbettertoawomantellingthemtocalmdown:theyseeabigmanasagoodopportunitytofight.”

AtthestationPorterbooksinherstrugglingprisoner.Hehasnohomeaddressandisunemployed.Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.“I’llseeyouincourt,”heshoutsasheisdraggedtoacell.

Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.Itis3:30amandthereisstillthepaperworktodo.Theteamwillreassembleat7:30pmtoprepareforArsenalfanscomingintoasleepyYeovilforanFAcupmatch.Itcouldbeabusynight.

6.Whatdoes“taxing”,inthethirdline,mean?

7.Whydidn’tthemenonthesquadaskhertodrive?

8.Whatdowelearnaboutthepeopleinprotestsandriots?

9.Whydidsomepeoplesaysheshouldn’tbeonthehit-squad?

10.Howdidtheprisonerreacttoherarrestinghim?

11.Howdidshefeelaboutherprisoner?

12.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthisarticle?

問題1選項

A.easy

B.difficult

C.terrible

D.satisfactory

問題2選項

A.Theyrespectedher.

B.Shewasn’tagooddriver.

C.Shehadtostaywiththevan.

D.Theywereafraidsomeonewouldhurther.

問題3選項

A.Theyalwaysthrowthingsatthepolice.

B.Theyrarelythrowthingsatthepolice.

C.Theysometimesthrowthingsatthepolice.

D.Theyneverthrowthingsatthepolice.

問題4選項

A.Theywantedtoexplainhowtheyfelt.

B.Theythoughtthatmenusuallyreactedbetter.

C.Theyfeltguilty.

D.Theywereinnocent.

問題5選項

A.Hedraggedhertoacell.

B.Heaskedhertoreadhimhisrights.

C.Hetriedtoinsulther.

D.Hecalmeddown.

問題6選項

A.Shewasfrightenedofhim.

B.Shewasconfusedaboutherfeelings.

C