2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)69

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根據(jù)目前公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚力張力理論，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及這一種理論，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高樹(shù)的樹(shù)頂，也不是被推到樹(shù)頂，那么我們會(huì)問(wèn)：它是怎么到樹(shù)頂?shù)?）”，由此可知全文是圍繞水是怎么被送到樹(shù)頂描寫(xiě)的。A選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力對(duì)樹(shù)葉有什么影響？”；B選項(xiàng)“死細(xì)胞什么時(shí)候會(huì)損害植物生長(zhǎng)？”；C選項(xiàng)“水是如何到達(dá)樹(shù)頂?shù)?？”；D選項(xiàng)“為什么根壓弱？”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的壓力還不足以把水推到高大的樹(shù)頂。此外，針葉樹(shù)是最高的樹(shù)木之一，它們的根系壓力非常低。）”，由此可知來(lái)自樹(shù)根的壓力不足以使水分運(yùn)輸?shù)綐?shù)頂，這其中肯定還有其他運(yùn)輸渠道存在。A選項(xiàng)“一些很高的樹(shù)的根壓很弱”；B選項(xiàng)“根系壓力在冬季下降”；C選項(xiàng)“植物的根死后還能存活”；D選項(xiàng)“植物根中的水與莖中的水是不相連的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第一句話“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大氣壓可以支撐一個(gè)高達(dá)10米的水柱。）”，由此可知該篇文章支持大氣壓把水吸引到高高的樹(shù)頂。A選項(xiàng)“水被推到樹(shù)頂”；B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞起到泵的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸引到高高的樹(shù)頂”；D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變了他們關(guān)于水在植物中移動(dòng)的理論”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物頂部水分蒸發(fā)的結(jié)果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸發(fā)使然。A選項(xiàng)“濕度”；B選項(xiàng)“植物的生長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)“根壓”；D選項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clivose

B.demode

C.abrim

D.xenial

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的；老式的”；C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿著的”；D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的，但在八十年代肯定是過(guò)時(shí)了。passe“已過(guò)盛年的；過(guò)時(shí)的；凋謝的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。supportfrom“來(lái)自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“來(lái)自主要議員的支持”；atkeymoment“在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)formulation，permitted“制訂，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)闡述；表達(dá)方式；制劑，配方”，“被允許的，可能的”；B選項(xiàng)correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽視的；被忽略的”；C選項(xiàng)detection，useful“偵查，探測(cè)；發(fā)覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺(jué)”，“有用的，有益的；有幫助的”；D選項(xiàng)accumulation，agreeable“積聚，累積；堆積物”，“令人愉快的；適合的；和藹可親的”。句意：在科學(xué)研究中，報(bào)告支持的證據(jù)比不可信的假設(shè)更令人滿意，但事實(shí)上，錯(cuò)誤的積累比可能真理的建立更容易令人滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句用法。題干屬于陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句的反義疑問(wèn)句。一般有兩種情況：當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句“主語(yǔ)+從句”時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致，如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the？；當(dāng)陳述部分為Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分通常與從句保持一致，如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?題干陳述部分為Idon’tbelieve(that)...從句部分為youaregoingtohave...，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstructed“阻塞，妨礙，遮住”；B選項(xiàng)quipped“嘲弄，譏諷”；C選項(xiàng)grunge“（僅為名詞）蹩腳貨，乏味的東西，難看的東西”；D選項(xiàng)wrecked“破壞，毀滅，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毀船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那樣，把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓，這可能不是完全誠(chéng)實(shí)的，但它確實(shí)有相當(dāng)大的好處，讓奧巴馬擺脫了競(jìng)選時(shí)被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無(wú)能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓，妨礙”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.

Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.

Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.

Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.

Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.

Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.

Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pickingtechniques

B.Thedateofthepicking

C.Olivevarieties

D.Accesstowater

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Carefulwatering

B.Replanting

C.Killingparasites

D.Feeding

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Killstheolivetrees.

B.Thefruitwon’tmature.

C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.

D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.

B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.

C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.

D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.

B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.

C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.

D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第七句話“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.（除了基本等級(jí)外，不同國(guó)家或地區(qū)的橄欖油也有所不同，原因在于所種植的橄欖的種類(lèi)、收獲方法、收獲時(shí)間和壓榨技術(shù)。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“采摘技術(shù)”；B選項(xiàng)“收獲時(shí)間”；C選項(xiàng)“橄欖的品種”都會(huì)影響橄欖油的特性，只有D選項(xiàng)“供水”不會(huì)影響，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第一句話“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.（為了獲得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量，橄欖樹(shù)必須得到適當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理，護(hù)理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和滅蟲(chóng)。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“小心灌溉”；C選項(xiàng)“滅蟲(chóng)”；D選項(xiàng)“喂養(yǎng)”都是橄欖樹(shù)護(hù)理的一部分，只有B選項(xiàng)“再植”不是，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段的第六句話“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.（該地點(diǎn)必須不受?chē)?yán)冬霜凍的影響，因?yàn)樵?5°F以下的溫度下，橄欖樹(shù)會(huì)受到損害，而一段時(shí)間的嚴(yán)寒天氣可能會(huì)毀掉一個(gè)好收成的機(jī)會(huì)。）”，由此可推斷出霜凍會(huì)殺死橄欖樹(shù)。B選項(xiàng)“水果不會(huì)成熟”；C選項(xiàng)“水果產(chǎn)量不夠”；D選項(xiàng)“所生產(chǎn)的橄欖體積較小”都是附帶提及，只有A選項(xiàng)“殺死橄欖樹(shù)”才是主要的危險(xiǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.（這是非常重要的，因?yàn)槊刻斓霓D(zhuǎn)換將采摘和按壓之間的時(shí)間減少到最小。）”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.（如果用加熱和/或化學(xué)方法生產(chǎn)橄欖油，或者時(shí)間間隔太長(zhǎng)，就不能稱之為初榨或特級(jí)初榨橄欖油。）”，由此可知除了采摘和壓榨時(shí)間考究外，還有熱量和化學(xué)過(guò)程需要注意。A選項(xiàng)“提取過(guò)程的溫度”；B選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)和瓶子之間的時(shí)間間隔”；C選項(xiàng)“用哪種方式壓榨”都會(huì)影響“特級(jí)初榨”橄欖油認(rèn)證，只有D選項(xiàng)“在提取過(guò)程中用水”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“橄欖樹(shù)不需要定期供水來(lái)生存”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章第二段就提到了橄欖樹(shù)需要定期灌溉；B選項(xiàng)“除橄欖油外，沒(méi)有其他食用油含有多酚”文章沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“橄欖壓榨前的損壞會(huì)影響油的味道”說(shuō)法正確，文中第三段有說(shuō)到橄欖受到損害后會(huì)呈酸性；D選項(xiàng)“許多生產(chǎn)商在第一次壓榨后提取了更多的油來(lái)生產(chǎn)初榨油”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中第四段說(shuō)到“Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.（一些單一的地產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)商只收集最初壓榨產(chǎn)生的油，而許多其他生產(chǎn)商使用額外的步驟來(lái)提取更多的油。）”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Packagingworkersseemtogofasterwhentheygettheir（）windafteracupofcoffee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.second

B.third

C.sixth

D.seventh

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)second“（num.）第二；居第二位的；另外的；（adj.）第二的；另外的；次要的；（n.）秒；瞬間；第二名；二等品；（v.）支持，附議；臨時(shí)調(diào)派”；B選項(xiàng)third“（num.）第三；三分之一；（n.）三分之一；三等學(xué)位；（adj.）第三的；三分之一的”；C選項(xiàng)sixth“（n.）第六；（比賽或競(jìng)賽的）第六名；六分之一；六年級(jí)；六度音程；六度音；（adj.）（與the連用）第六的，第六個(gè)的；六分之一的”；D選項(xiàng)seventh“（num.）第七；（n.）七分之一；（比賽或競(jìng)賽的）第七名；第七（用來(lái)引出第七個(gè)要點(diǎn)或原因）；（音樂(lè)）七度音程，七度和弦；（adj.）第七的；七分之一的；（adv.）居第七位地；第七點(diǎn)（用來(lái)引出第七個(gè)要點(diǎn)或原因）”。根據(jù)固定搭配getone’ssecondwind“再度恢復(fù)精力和力量”可知該題選second。getthewindupsomeone“使受到驚嚇，使擔(dān)心害怕”。句意：包裝工人在喝了一杯咖啡后恢復(fù)了體力，工作速度變快了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)chair“椅子；講座；主席位；大學(xué)教授的職位”；B選項(xiàng)pole“桿；極點(diǎn)；電極”；C選項(xiàng)soap“肥皂；將肥皂涂在……上；對(duì)……拍馬屁”；D選項(xiàng)floor“地板，地面；樓層；基底；議員席”。poleposition指的是方程式賽車(chē)中的“竿位”，即決賽中排在第一位出發(fā)的選手。“竿位”由決賽前排位賽中成績(jī)最好的車(chē)手獲得。此外，poleposition還可表示“跑道內(nèi)圈；有利位置”。句意：這家德國(guó)公司在激素研究方面保持著有利地位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

AnemergencyrightsissuebyHBOSwasaflop:only8.3%oftheBritishbank’ssharesweretakenupbyinvestors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfeasance

B.washout

C.flame

D.optima

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misfeasance“過(guò)失；行為失檢；不當(dāng)行為”；B選項(xiàng)washout“沖刷；失敗者”；C選項(xiàng)flame“火焰；熱情；光輝”；D選項(xiàng)optima“最合適條件；最佳狀態(tài)”。句意：蘇格蘭哈里法克斯銀行（HBOS）的一次緊急配股發(fā)行失敗了：投資者只認(rèn)購(gòu)了這家英國(guó)銀行8.3%的股份。flop“徹底失敗，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的動(dòng)作”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一個(gè)令人發(fā)指的建議，政府應(yīng)為考古學(xué)提供資金，并減少非法挖掘的數(shù)量。）”。A選項(xiàng)“博物館文物陳列的替代品”；B選項(xiàng)“在有益于考古行業(yè)的同時(shí)遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“區(qū)分有科學(xué)價(jià)值和沒(méi)有科學(xué)價(jià)值的文物的方法”；D選項(xiàng)“政府對(duì)考古遺址的管制”。聯(lián)系全文可知B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)整理這些發(fā)現(xiàn)；結(jié)果，它們?cè)僖舱也坏搅?，變得像從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)一樣難以接近。）”。A選項(xiàng)“博物館官員很少允許學(xué)者接觸這些文物”；

B選項(xiàng)“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空間用于存儲(chǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)“在發(fā)掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物往往彼此分離”；D選項(xiàng)“這類(lèi)工件通常保持未編目狀態(tài)，因此一旦放入存儲(chǔ)中就無(wú)法定位”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建議，科學(xué)的考古考察和政府當(dāng)局在公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)上出售發(fā)掘出來(lái)的文物。這種銷(xiāo)售將為挖掘和保存考古遺址以及公布結(jié)果提供大量資金。）”。A選項(xiàng)“潛在購(gòu)買(mǎi)者更愿意購(gòu)買(mǎi)經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)證的文物”；B選項(xiàng)“非法挖掘文物的價(jià)格會(huì)上漲”；C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)可以用來(lái)追蹤出售的文物”；D選項(xiàng)“出售經(jīng)過(guò)鑒定的文物所得的錢(qián)可以用來(lái)調(diào)查和起訴非法挖掘者”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但對(duì)這種秘密產(chǎn)品的需求將大大減少。）”由此可知復(fù)制的工件會(huì)供過(guò)于求，于是這些工件會(huì)大量涌現(xiàn)，最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)這些暢銷(xiāo)品的需求下降。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型發(fā)掘中，考古學(xué)家最近在一個(gè)院子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了2000個(gè)幾乎無(wú)法辨認(rèn)的小陶罐。）”，由此可推斷出塞浦路斯可能會(huì)成為復(fù)制品的主要市場(chǎng)來(lái)源。A選項(xiàng)“非法挖掘最終將完全停止”說(shuō)法太過(guò)絕對(duì)化，文章并未提到完全終止。B選項(xiàng)“考古學(xué)家將能夠比現(xiàn)在更頻繁地公布他們的發(fā)掘成果”，如果復(fù)制工件合法化，考古學(xué)家會(huì)更愿意公開(kāi)他們的挖掘成果。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately（）andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)independent“獨(dú)立的；單獨(dú)的；無(wú)黨派的；不受約束的”；B選項(xiàng)proprietary“專(zhuān)賣(mài)的，專(zhuān)營(yíng)的；所有的，所有權(quán)的”；C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的，社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的，牢固的；穩(wěn)重的，沉穩(wěn)的；持久的”。句意：對(duì)于禁獵區(qū)的猴子而言，最重要的一點(diǎn)是它們是一個(gè)群體；這之所以如此，是因?yàn)殪`長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物具有一種根深蒂固的群居習(xí)性，均圍繞著對(duì)方而營(yíng)造其生活。

13.單選題

Ittakesall（）tomakeaworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoples

B.colors

C.functions

D.sorts

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)peoples“人；人類(lèi)；民族；公民”；B選項(xiàng)colors“彩色；顏料；臉色”；C選項(xiàng)functions“功能；智能；函數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sorts“種類(lèi)；程度；品質(zhì)；把……分類(lèi)，整理；區(qū)分；挑選”。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.是一句諺語(yǔ)，意為“一種米養(yǎng)百種人”，表示世界是形形色色的人所組成的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theproposedchangeinthefederalestatetax,inthedealworkedoutwithPresidentObamaandCongressionalRepublicans,hasramificationsfortheCaliforniaestatetax.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outcome

B.projections

C.recommendations

D.prospects

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)outcome“結(jié)果，結(jié)局；成果”；B選項(xiàng)projections“投射；規(guī)劃；突出；發(fā)射；推測(cè)”；C選項(xiàng)recommendations“推薦；建議；推薦信”；D選項(xiàng)prospects“前景；預(yù)期；潛在顧客；遠(yuǎn)景展望”。句意：根據(jù)與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和國(guó)會(huì)共和黨人達(dá)成的協(xié)議，聯(lián)邦遺產(chǎn)稅的擬議修改對(duì)加州遺產(chǎn)稅有影響。ramifications“衍生物；分支，分叉；支流；（衍生的）結(jié)果、影響”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plan“計(jì)劃，平面圖”；B選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書(shū)，辨別力”；C選項(xiàng)stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)，知道，認(rèn)識(shí)，學(xué)科”。句意：這場(chǎng)危機(jī)將考驗(yàn)首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測(cè)；考試”；D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長(zhǎng)的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Shedidn’t（）matters;shejusttoldhimhewasuseless.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.worsen

B.complicate

C.decide

D.mince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)worsen“更壞的；更差的；更糟，更壞”；B選項(xiàng)complicate“使復(fù)雜化；使惡化；使卷入”；C選項(xiàng)decide“決定；解決；判決；決定，下決心”；D選項(xiàng)mince“切碎；矯揉造作地說(shuō)；裝腔作勢(shì)；碎步走”。句意：她沒(méi)有把事情復(fù)雜化；她只是說(shuō)他沒(méi)用。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lett