2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)56

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.寫作題

Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Youmustwritelogicallyandshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youmaymakeuseofanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldhaveyourowntitleandwriteatleast200words.

【答案】略。

2.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個(gè)方面，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“福利國家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項(xiàng)“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“真誠地；真正地”，B選項(xiàng)“真正地”，C選項(xiàng)“幾乎”，D選項(xiàng)“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過于絕對，可排除A、B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。在法國，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動(dòng)。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國家在美國和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會(huì)保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項(xiàng)“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項(xiàng)“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投?！薄選項(xiàng)“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“福利國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對市場分配資源和收入以使社會(huì)滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因?yàn)樗亲钚碌摹保斫忮e(cuò)誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)?？赏茰y，英國對于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項(xiàng)“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國際貿(mào)易。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“美國政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.單選題

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hindrance“障礙；妨礙；妨害；阻礙物”；B選項(xiàng)synthesis“綜合，[化學(xué)]合成；綜合體”；C選項(xiàng)system“制度，體制；系統(tǒng)；方法”；D選項(xiàng)symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可識(shí)別模式的癥狀或體征”。句意：這是一個(gè)典型的無聊家庭主婦綜合癥——整天無所事事，只喝酒和購物。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞syndrome“[臨床]綜合癥狀；并發(fā)癥狀；校驗(yàn)子；并發(fā)位”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對抗；對峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interms

B.inthelongrun

C.inview

D.invain

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)interms“明確地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B選項(xiàng)inthelongrun“長遠(yuǎn)；終究”；C選項(xiàng)inview“在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的；作為目標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)invain“徒然；無效”。句意：當(dāng)新政黨成立時(shí)，國會(huì)代表們焦急地等待來自莫斯科的賀電。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

6.單選題

We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sitdown

B.putdown

C.comedown

D.getdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)sitdown“坐下；扎營”；B選項(xiàng)putdown“著陸；羞辱；放下；寫下；付定金；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動(dòng)、叛亂）”；C選項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落；流傳下來；倒塌；落魄，失勢”；D選項(xiàng)getdown“下來；吞下；使沮喪”。句意：我們最好在談生意之前先討論一下形勢。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

7.單選題

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)philosophical“哲學(xué)的（等于philosophic）；冷靜的”；B選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項(xiàng)literal“文字的；逐字的；無夸張的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的；有病的；殘疾的”。句意：算命的人擅長說一些模棱兩可的話，比如“你的悲傷會(huì)變的”。根據(jù)句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)volumes“體積，容量”；B選項(xiàng)rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C選項(xiàng)dimensions“規(guī)模，大小”；D選項(xiàng)outputs“輸出”。句意：在2月份結(jié)賬期結(jié)束巧克力公司保持穩(wěn)定的銷售……，并增加了4.7%的利潤。salesvolumes為固定搭配，譯為銷售量，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)leisure“空閑”；B選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”；C選項(xiàng)industry“產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰”。句意：天氣悶熱的熱帶地區(qū)鼓勵(lì)……生活。根據(jù)句意，可以推測天氣悶熱，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)一種懶散生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫作題

Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.

【答案】略

12.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻譯為：其中一個(gè)是大腦左側(cè)控制語言的細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的。然而，在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項(xiàng)，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（細(xì)胞不在一條線上）可排除B選項(xiàng)，因此可判斷D選項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。

2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來自大腦的未知區(qū)域。”在文中并沒有提及，因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的?！痹谖闹械谖宥巍癏ebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯：他認(rèn)為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說，很可能那里的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個(gè)電線交叉的電子裝置?？赏茰y，大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的?！痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯：毫無疑問，所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思，可排除。D選項(xiàng)Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的?！笨啥ㄎ坏轿闹械谖宥巍癉octorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯：Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的。因此，D選項(xiàng)也是直接來自原文，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻譯：科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒有外在的跡象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯：你不能看著一個(gè)孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個(gè)常見問題），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯：大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項(xiàng)不符，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語言的左腦細(xì)胞是灰色的，而這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的?？赏茰y學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯：達(dá)菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗(yàn)了他的技術(shù)。達(dá)菲博士

說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會(huì)損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題不僅限于左腦”，達(dá)菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”，因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題是由左腦造成的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“研究可能對大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“研究兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”，C選項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”，D選項(xiàng)“探討左腦在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達(dá)菲博士說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會(huì)損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會(huì)損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。”，由此可推測接下來的研究會(huì)探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“信用，信譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)weakness“弱點(diǎn)；軟弱；嗜好”；C選項(xiàng)correctness“正確性”；D選項(xiàng)uncertainty“猶豫；不確定的事物；不確定度”。句意：許多著名的科學(xué)家對這一假設(shè)的正確性提出了質(zhì)疑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞questionedthe…oftheassumption（對假設(shè)提出質(zhì)疑），結(jié)合句意，得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

將模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性評價(jià)合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評價(jià)，進(jìn)而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)解，是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。論文運(yùn)用模糊綜合評判與比較的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0為軟件平臺(tái)，建立了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助的設(shè)計(jì)方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。提供了對產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方案定量評價(jià)和擇優(yōu)、將結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

15.單選題

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成”；B選項(xiàng)occur“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在”；C選項(xiàng)emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”；D選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”。句意：可以證明，組織不僅看起來是均勻的，而且實(shí)際上是均勻的，因?yàn)槿绻M織被切成兩半，每一半將調(diào)節(jié)以產(chǎn)生與整體相同的圖案。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞giveriseto“造成；引起；導(dǎo)致”，得知A為正確答案。

16.單選題

TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.

Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.

ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.

Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.

CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?

Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.

1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.

2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.

3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.

4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.

5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparadisewithoutautocraticruling

B.aplaceofperfecthappiness

C.alandofmarvelouschances

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anelegantandplainhouse

B.anolddead-endstreet

C.anoldhauntedmansion

D.anabandonedandlifelessplanet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunction

B.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrand

C.historyestablishesabrandforitscountry

D.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpolitically

B.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmerica

C.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmerica

D.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.simileandmetaphor

B.parallelism

C.echo-question

D.description

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.”中文翻譯為：幾十年來，世界上有數(shù)十億人在可怕的環(huán)境中餓著肚子睡覺，經(jīng)常夢想著美國的自由和自由，他們把美國比作一塊偉大的土地，一個(gè)天堂和一個(gè)最終的目的地。以及第三段“Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.”中文翻譯為：不受限制，允許以非凡的自由發(fā)表偉大的言論，在人類歷史上沒有任何其他國家能夠在如此大的規(guī)模上匹敵。故判斷出答案選D。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristinebutknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitionsandunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個(gè)美國國家的家園似乎開始像那座古老的宅邸，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的街道盡頭，那里出現(xiàn)了鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象。可知，A項(xiàng)正確，譯為“一所雅致樸素的房子”。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第一段“Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)際上，國家不可能在如此簡單的過去過程中就打上烙印，因?yàn)閲业臍v史和文化互動(dòng)以及可出口的特性已經(jīng)在幾十年甚至幾百年的時(shí)間里打上烙印?？芍?，C項(xiàng)正確，譯為“歷史為國家樹立了品牌”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由C選項(xiàng)“美國有許多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第三段中“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個(gè)美國民族的家園似乎開始像那座古舊的豪宅，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的盡頭，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象?？芍颂幨且粋€(gè)比喻，故C選項(xiàng)不正確，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。A.simileandmetaphor“明喻和暗喻”；B.parallelism“平行；類似，對應(yīng)”；C.echo-question“反問”；D.description“說明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推測出A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Sometimesithasbeenarguedthattheevolutionwas___andmorerecentlystillithasbeenarguedthatnoevolutionineitherdirectiontookplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheotherhand

B.theotherwayround

C.onthegrounds

D.theotherwayabout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)ontheotherhand“另一方面”；B選項(xiàng)theotherwayround“相反”；C選項(xiàng)onthegrounds“是基于事實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)theotherwayabout“相反地，以相反方式”。句意：有時(shí)人們爭論說進(jìn)化是基于事實(shí)的，而最近人們還爭論說沒有朝任何一個(gè)方向發(fā)生進(jìn)化。結(jié)合句意判斷出C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

SusanTellertraveledandlecturedthroughoutthecountryto___educationandprofessionalskillssothatwomencouldenterthepublicworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocate

B.acquire

C.proclaim

D.prosecute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)advocate“提倡，擁護(hù)；為……辯護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得；取得；學(xué)到；捕獲”；C選項(xiàng)proclaim“宣告，公布；聲明；表明；贊揚(yáng)”；D選項(xiàng)prosecute“檢舉；貫徹；從事；依法進(jìn)行；起訴；告發(fā)；做檢察官”。句意：蘇珊?泰勒在全國各地旅行和演講，宣揚(yáng)教育和專業(yè)技能，使婦女能夠進(jìn)入公共世界。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項(xiàng)immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.announced

B.followed

C.denied

D.proclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)announced“宣布；宣稱”；B選項(xiàng)followed“跟著；聽從；繼承”；C選項(xiàng)denied“拒絕；拒簽”；D選項(xiàng)proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德國修道士馬丁?路德挑戰(zhàn)了某些天主教教義，宣布放棄對教皇的服從。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞challenged“挑戰(zhàn)”，可排除選項(xiàng)B，C選項(xiàng)不符合題意，也可排除。A選項(xiàng)雖有“宣布”的意思，但不夠正式，根據(jù)句意，推測馬丁?路德的宣布內(nèi)容應(yīng)更為正式，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?Manyhistorians,1tothinkofEurope2thecenteroftheworld,datethewarfrom1September1939whenGermanyattackedPolanD.Thisisnotan3thatwouldsatisfytheAbyssiniansortheChineseforwhomthewarbeganearlier.ItwouldnotsatisfytheRussiansandAmericansforwhomthewarbeganlater.In4casethisEuropeanwar5endedinJune1940withGermany6theentireContinentwestofRussiA.Ifaformaldeclarationofwar7thestartingpoint,theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou.ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan8oftheKiangsiSoviet.Ifwewait9thewarwasbeingfoughtineverycontinentexceptthetwoAmericas,thedate10be1942oreven1944.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concede

B.conceal

C.conditioned

D.considered

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.to

C.with

D.in

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.answer

B.advice

C.affection

D.assertion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.any

B.both

C.either

D.neither

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.finally

B.eventually

C.ultimately

D.virtually

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.dominated

B.dominating

C.beingdominated

D.havingbeendominated

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.symbolizes

B.marks

C.implies

D.remarks

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.withthetitle

B.withthestatus

C.inthename

D.indesignation

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.if

B.since

C.after

D.until

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.would

B.should

C.must

D.may

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)；退讓；給予，容許；讓步”；B選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；C選項(xiàng)conditioned“決定；使適應(yīng)；使健康；以……為條件”；D選項(xiàng)considered“考慮；認(rèn)為；考慮到；細(xì)想”。根據(jù)上下文判斷出此處表達(dá)“認(rèn)為”，故D項(xiàng)最符合。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“thecenteroftheworld”可知此處想表達(dá)的是“認(rèn)為歐洲是世界的中心”,故as最為準(zhǔn)確。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?”這個(gè)問句，可以判斷出此處答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)answer“回答”。B選項(xiàng)advice“建議”；C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項(xiàng)assertion“斷言，聲明；主張，要求；堅(jiān)持；認(rèn)定”。

4.考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)inanycase“不管怎樣；總之；在任何情況下”；B選項(xiàng)inbothcase“在兩種情況下”；C選項(xiàng)ineithercase“不論發(fā)生何種情況”；D選項(xiàng)inneithercase“在兩種情況下都不”。根據(jù)語境和句意，可知A為正確答案。

5.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)finally表達(dá)經(jīng)過一長段時(shí)間（通常是指經(jīng)歷了困難和滯遲），表示“終于……”；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最終”含有時(shí)間因素，表示目前還未發(fā)生，但終將發(fā)生；C選項(xiàng)ultimately“最終”除了包含時(shí)間因素外，還有狀態(tài)順序，表示最基本因素；D選項(xiàng)virtually“事實(shí)上，幾乎；實(shí)質(zhì)上”。根據(jù)下文“endedinJune1940”及詞義判斷出答案為A。

6.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。dominate意為控制，結(jié)合上文ended的時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去，可知A為正確答案。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)symbolize“象征；用符號(hào)表現(xiàn)；采用象征；使用符號(hào)；作為……的象征”；B選項(xiàng)mark“標(biāo)志；做標(biāo)記于；打分?jǐn)?shù)”；C選項(xiàng)imply“意味；暗示；隱含”；D選項(xiàng)remark“評論；覺察”。根據(jù)下文“theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou”可知空格處應(yīng)為“象征、代表”，因此A最合適。

8.考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)withthetitleof“標(biāo)題為”；B選項(xiàng)withthestatusof“以……的地位”；C選項(xiàng)inthenameof“以……的名義”；D選項(xiàng)indesignationof“指定”。theKiangsiSoviet意為“中華蘇維埃共和國”，根據(jù)上下文“ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan28oftheKian