2022年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號100

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。amiable“和藹可親的,親切的”;obsolete“廢棄的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激進的,有進取心的”;harmonious“和諧的,和睦的”。句意:國際體育運動應(yīng)該在各國之間建立友好關(guān)系,但在現(xiàn)在的奧運會組織中,某種程度上鼓勵了激進的愛國主義。選項C符合語境。

2.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問題2選項

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問題3選項

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問題4選項

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問題5選項

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運,在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進入了一個有紀律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項D最恰當。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運的經(jīng)歷是在部隊服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項C也正確;所以本題選B。

3.單選題

Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob（）youremployergivesyoupermission.

問題1選項

A.unless

B.solongas

C.otherwise

D.whereas

【答案】A

【解析】連接詞的運用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否則,不然”;whereas“然而,鑒于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允許,否則你不能從事第二份工作。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問題1選項

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

5.單選題

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“l(fā)augh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

問題1選項

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

問題2選項

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

問題3選項

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

問題4選項

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”這些聲音來自于軟腭和喉嚨的其他柔軟結(jié)構(gòu)，是由流入和流出的空氣的振動反應(yīng)引起的。選項D符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”張開嘴睡覺的人鼾聲短促。選項C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，打鼾是一種無意識的行為，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知選項C錯誤；選項D在文中沒有提及。所以只有選項B正確。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者全文都是在客觀的描述人們打呼嚕的這個問題以及產(chǎn)生的原因和影響，沒有摻雜個人情緒，所以選項A正確。

6.單選題

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

問題1選項

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

問題2選項

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

問題3選項

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

問題4選項

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段前半部分的內(nèi)容可知，選項A，B，C均有提及，只有選項D沒有提及。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”當云層遮住太陽時，候鳥利用磁場辨別方向是非常有用的；否則它就只能著陸，等待太陽再次出來。也就是說，當天氣不好的時候，鳥就必須依靠磁場來飛行了。所以選項A符合原文。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去尋找食物的蜜蜂通過復(fù)雜的舞蹈向其他工蜂傳遞信息，不僅告訴它們食物有多遠，還告訴它們食物和太陽的相對位置。選項C符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它們的生物鐘告訴它們太陽將在哪里，它們也相應(yīng)地改變了方向。選項A符合原文。

7.單選題

Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.

問題1選項

A.workedout

B.gonethrough

C.fittedin

D.caughton

【答案】D

【解析】動詞短語含義辨析。workout“解決,算出,實現(xiàn)”;gothrough“檢查,通過”;fitin“適應(yīng),適合”;catchon“理解,變得流行”。句意:如果這本書不那么貴的話,可能會很流行。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

問題1選項

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:你在很多國家居住過，所以我想你應(yīng)該和剛到這里的人會有一些共鳴。只有選項D符合語境。

9.單選題

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

問題1選項

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介詞短語辨析。ontheverge“瀕臨,在…的邊緣”;onthespot“當場,在危險中”;ontheloose“散漫,放蕩”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自殺式爆炸事件發(fā)生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因為他們相信還有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗處。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

Ofallthewilddogs,noneismorecloselyrelatedtothe（）dogthantothewolf.

問題1選項

A.domesticated

B.barking

C.lazy

D.running

【答案】A

【解析】語境判斷。根據(jù)語境可以推斷，填空處應(yīng)該和wild意思相反，所以選項A最為恰當。句意：對于野狗來說，他們和狼的關(guān)系比家犬和狼的關(guān)系更為親密。

11.單選題

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

問題1選項

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。explicit“明確的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲從的”；internal“內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)在的”；immortal“不朽的，長生的”。句意：Mary沒有公開抨擊這項計劃，但是她反對的態(tài)度含蓄的體現(xiàn)在她沒有說任何支持它的話。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因為他的判斷一直都很可靠。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）doctoratebytheuniversity.

問題1選項

A.honorable

B.honorary

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。honorable“可敬的,光榮的”;honorary“榮譽的,名譽的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大學授予那位著名的發(fā)明者榮譽博士學位。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問題1選項

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。decompose“分解,腐爛”;denounce“譴責,告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;deduce“推斷,演繹出”。句意:炎熱地區(qū)的惡劣潮濕天氣會使植物迅速分解腐爛。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。incredible“難以置信的,驚人的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;incredulous“懷疑的,不輕信的”;indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的,中立的”。句意:他聽到這個意外的消息時很不相信,但我最終還是讓他相信了。選項C符合語境。

16.單選題

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

問題1選項

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指病后恢復(fù)健康；treat多指對傷口或者病情進行診斷，強調(diào)過程。所以選項C符合語境。

17.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

問題1選項

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問題2選項

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

問題3選項

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

問題4選項

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

問題5選項

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)造性科學產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)。由此可知，把不同的現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來是高度的創(chuàng)造性科學所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。選項D符合原文。

2.信息判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的末尾幾句可知，貝多芬并沒有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一個無與倫比的謀略家，他以驚人的獨創(chuàng)的方式，利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫那里繼承來的規(guī)則、形式和慣例。所以選項D符合原文。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇，盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性，但很少有聽眾或音樂學家會把它們列入偉大的音樂作品之中。也就是說不被普遍認為具有很高的審美價值，選項B與原文表述一致。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，將非凡的創(chuàng)造力超越既定限制的觀點應(yīng)用到藝術(shù)上是有誤導(dǎo)性的，盡管它可能適用于科學。由此推斷，作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的，選項A正確。

5.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)新科學產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)，選項C符合原文。

18.單選題

Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.inform

C.avail

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：我尊敬的導(dǎo)師White教授經(jīng)常提醒我要利用一切機會提高我的英語水平。選項C最為恰當，表示有益于，有助于。

19.單選題

Hisheart（）withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

問題1選項

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飄動”;flourish“繁榮,活躍,夸耀”;flush“發(fā)紅,使激動”;flutter“撲動,震顫”。句意:在等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)接見時,他激動得心怦怦直跳。選項D符合句意。

20.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。atthecostof以...為代價；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟保障,以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項C符合句意。

21.單選題

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

問題1選項

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”;definition“定義,解說”;constraint“約束,強制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生產(chǎn)商迫于法律的約束不得不把錢退還給客戶。選項C符合句意。

22.單選題

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

問題1選項

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。stalls貨攤；statures身高，身材；stalks莖稈；statutes法令。句意：成千上萬的人整個星期天上午都流連于出售從鞋子到模型火車等各種商品的小攤位。選項A符合句意。

23.單選題

AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis（）coveredbythickclouds.

問題1選項

A.closely

B.curiously

C.regularly

D.constantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。closely緊密地，嚴密地；curiously好奇地；regularly有規(guī)律地；constantly不斷地，時常地。句意：盡管金星是離地球最近的行星，但由于它時常被厚厚的云層所覆蓋，人們對它知之甚少。選項D符合句意。

24.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”;atease“安逸,舒適”;atrandom“隨便地,任意地”;atintervals“不時地,間斷地”。句意:討論時間太長,使人精疲力竭,我們不得不不時地停下來吃點點心。選項D符合句意。

25.單選題

Hehaslittletrouble（）thetiresofhiscar.

問題1選項

A.tofix

B.fix

C.fixing

D.withfixing

【答案】C

【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接動名詞,表示“在…方面有困難和麻煩”。選項C正確。

26.單選題

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

問題1選項

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我國，用辦公室電話打私人電話會受到嚴厲的批評。選項A符合句意。frowned皺眉，不滿。

27.單選題

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

問題1選項

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。consideration“考慮;報酬”;judgment“判斷,辨別力”;estimate“估計,判斷”。句意:這座建筑物的實際成本比我們原來的估計高得多。選項C符合句意。

28.單選題

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

問題1選項

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pretended“假裝”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“繼續(xù),重新開始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一個年輕女子一起來參加聚會,我猜想應(yīng)該是他的女朋友。選項B符合句意。

29.單選題

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

問題1選項

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危機，表示事態(tài)比較嚴重，所以用衰退來形容許多動物物種最為恰當。選項D正確。

30.單選題

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指為...預(yù)先采取措施,為…作好準備。句意:一個人必須為自己的老年提前做準備,存下足夠的錢以備老年之需。選項C正確。

31.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

問題1選項

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remedy補救，治療；reproach責備；revive使復(fù)興，使蘇醒；revenge報仇，雪恥。句意：西班牙隊雖然狀態(tài)不佳，但下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利向德國隊一雪前恥。選項D符合句意。

32.單選題

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural（）.

問題1選項

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“觀點，遠景”;aspect“方面，形勢”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我們用歷史理解、新理論和跨文化視角來看待我們未經(jīng)檢驗的世界觀。

根據(jù)句意可知，填空處是表示看待未經(jīng)檢驗的世界觀的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective強調(diào)主體,指人觀察或思考的角度;而aspect強調(diào)客體,指事物的某個方面。句中強調(diào)的是我們看待世界的跨文化角度，所以選項B更符合語境。

33.單選題

Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy.

Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupwho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancer?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctordenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake.Intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis,asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Liesalsodoharmstothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.

1.Doctorsthinkthatlyingtotheirpatientsis（）.

2.Mostpatientsthinkthatbeingtoldthetruthoftheirillnessmay（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors?

問題1選項

A.amedicaltradition

B.toharmtheirownintegrity

C.todefendmedicine

D.utteringthetruthfortruth’ssake

問題2選項

A.slowdownrecovery

B.leadtosuicideinsomecases

C.betoohardforthemtoaccept

D.helpdealwithillness

問題3選項

A.Doctorsareofteninadilemmaastotellthepatienthisrealconditionofhealth.

B.Doctors’reluctancetotellpatienttruthhasnorealsupportinreality.

C.Doctors’liesaredifferentfromthatoflawyersandgovernmentofficials.

D.Doctorsandpatientsholddifferentviewsabouttellingtruth.

問題4選項

A.realistic

B.praising

C.objective

D.appreciative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Oursisaprofession...asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”我們這個職業(yè)，傳統(tǒng)上恪守一個信條，這個信條超越了為真理而說真話的美德，那就是盡可能“不傷害他人”。由此可知，醫(yī)生認為對病人撒謊是一種醫(yī)學傳統(tǒng)。選項A符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，研究表明，與許多醫(yī)生的信念相反，絕大多數(shù)患者希望被告知真相，甚至是關(guān)于嚴重疾病的真相。真實的信息和人性化的傳達，有助于病人應(yīng)對疾病。選項D符合原文。

3.信息判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensive