2022年考研考博-考博英語-廈門大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)85

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-廈門大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);antagonism對(duì)抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意：雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對(duì)抗對(duì)立和猜疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報(bào)告得出結(jié)論：招收女童入學(xué)可能是當(dāng)今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護(hù),避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識(shí)是我們老年時(shí)舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時(shí)不準(zhǔn)備,年老時(shí)就得不到它的庇護(hù)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Everydaytherearereportsof_______thathavebeencommittedagainstinnocentpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.behaviors

B.fixtures

C.subordinates

D.atrocities

【答案】D

【解析】behavior舉止,行為；fixture設(shè)備,固定裝置;subordinate下屬;atrocity暴行，殘暴。句意：每天都有關(guān)于對(duì)無辜人民實(shí)施暴行的報(bào)道。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不動(dòng)的,靜止的;stagnant停滯的,遲鈍的;briskness敏捷,活潑;sluggish行動(dòng)遲緩的。句意：上周，學(xué)校董事會(huì)主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT數(shù)學(xué)成績的提高，也哀嘆語文成績停滯不前。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

TheALSPACreportisthethirdinrecentyearstofindfeworno_______effectsfromconsumingmosttypesofseafoodduringpregnancy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.aggregate

C.antagonistic

D.animate

【答案】A

【解析】adverse不利的,敵對(duì)的;aggregate合計(jì)的,聚合的;antagonistic反對(duì)的,敵對(duì)的;animate有生命的。句意：ALSPAC的報(bào)告是近年來第三份發(fā)現(xiàn)孕期食用大多數(shù)品種的海鮮很少有或者幾乎沒有副作用的報(bào)告。

選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.寫作題

High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmail,telephoneandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Nowadaysnoonewoulddoubtthatelectroniccommunicationmediareachamuchbiggeraudienceataspeedthatpalesevenforerunnersafewdecadesago.However,whethersuchhighspeedmeansastelevisionande-mailhavehandicappedmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunicationhasbeencalledintodoubt.Infact,oneneedsnottogofartofindthatthesedoubtsaregroundless.

Farfrombeinganimpediment,highspeedelectronicmediastepupthecommunicationofmeaningfulandinsightfulideas.Inprevioustimes,mostofcommunicationwascarriedoutbymaildeliveredbypostmenhurryingincartspulledbyhorses.Thiswasundoubtedlyslowandfullofmistakesinaddressinganddelivery.Thingsbecameworseifweatherwasinclement.In19thcentury,greatwriters,suchasTolstoy,BalzacandMoiposson,spentmonthswaitingforimportantresponsesfromtheirpublishersandpeerfriends.However,whatisneedintheeraofe-mailisaclicktosendaninsightfulreview,abrilliantideaoranenlighteningpapertotheotherhemisphere.

Besides,itinvolvedprohibitivecostsofmoneyandtimetogetthoughtfulworks,whetheraplay,anovelormusicalcomposition,toalargeaudiencethatthegreatnessoftheworksoughttoreach.Bestsellersbyscintillatingnames,forexample,Dickens,Dumas,Hugo,hardlyapproachedthethresholdofamillion.TodayTVsandInternetcanplacenovels,dramaorthoughtsatthefocusofnationalattentionwithinminutes.Neverhasitbeenmoreconvenienttoconductthoughtfulandmeaningfulcommunicationwithhighspeedelectronicmediaastoday.

Notonlydohighspeedelectronicmediacontributemuchtoquicklycommunicatingthoughtfulandmeaningfulideasorworks,theyalsoenhancetheirproduction.TVsandInternetopenupnewfieldsofperceptionandbroadenourhorizon,bringingmyriadsofnewknowledgebeforeourinquiringminds.Withtherichnessandcompletenessofinformationavailable,wearemorereadytocomeupwithmeaningfulandholisticideassinceinsularityhampersperceptionandyieldsbigotry.What'smore,thevividnessofTVsandhighlyinteractivenatureofe-mailhelpdrawcloserthemindsofpeopleofdifferentskincolorsandnationalities,fosteringcuriosityandasenseofunity.Thisinturnpromotesthereadinesstoahigherstageofmeaningfulandin-depthcommunication.IntheHollywoodclassicYou'veGotMail,TomHanksandMegRyandemonstrateswhatanamazingaltitudecommunicationthroughemailcanreach.Meaningfulnessandinsightalwaysresultfromthesamethings—perceptionandloveoftruth,candorandtrust,andreadinesstoshareideasandskillinself-expression.Theeaseandrichnessofhighspeedelectronicmediaaddnewstrengthtothesethingsinbringingforthinsightsincommunication.

Admittedly,therearelotsoftrashadsandunwholesomecontentsinTVshowsande-mails,whichconstituterealthreatstomeaningfulcommunication.ButweshouldnotbalkatpromotingtheusageofemailorwatchingTVprograms.Weshouldseethetremendousjointeffortsbyemailserviceproviders,TVprogramproducersandlegislationtogetridoftrashinformationthatstandsinthewayofcustomerrightsandmeaningfulcommunication.ThehopeforacleanandclearspacebothinTVandcyberspaceisgrowingbigger.

Highspeedelectronicmediaareblessingformeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication,thoughtherearespotsthatmaymartheirperfection.Weshouldembracethemandhelpthemgrowwholesomely.

8.單選題

Despitemuchdiscussion,andeffortsbybothwomen'sandbusinessgroupstobreak"theglassceiling"down,theworld'sbiggestcompaniesarestillalmost_______runbymen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptionally

B.excessively

C.exclusively

D.exceedingly

【答案】C

【解析】exceptionally例外地,異常地;excessively過分地,極度;exclusively排外地,專有地;exceedingly非常地,極度地。句意：盡管女性和商業(yè)團(tuán)體為了打破“玻璃天花板”經(jīng)過多次討論并為此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然幾乎完全由男性經(jīng)營。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Inmostpeople'smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans…what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancementsofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccounttorthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmedonwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

2.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that（）.

3.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity（）.

5.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion"Doweneedgrowthforprosperity"is（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

B.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman'sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.positive

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)文章第一段第三句"Equallyaxiomatic,...,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation."同樣不言自明的是,對(duì)日益減少的自然資源施加越來越大的壓力必然導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落,特別是在伴隨人口增長的情況下。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文二三段的內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段提出問題：富裕國家的增長是否導(dǎo)致了第三世界國家的貧困,而不是進(jìn)步？如果不是這樣的話,那么又怎么解釋這些國家為什么在致力于增長的一個(gè)世紀(jì)之后,今天仍處于絕望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段給出了答案,這種增長并沒有給這些國家的人們帶來好處,而是讓外國投資者及少數(shù)本地合作者獲益。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對(duì)第三世界國家的人們并無好處,因?yàn)樗麄兊霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品是為了出口,礦產(chǎn)和其他資源被剝奪,而他們卻要背負(fù)沉重的外債,這只會(huì)讓國外投資者和少數(shù)本地人獲益。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的一二句"So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer."我們需要增長來實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎?采用零增長也可以保持社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,作者對(duì)增長持否定的態(tài)度,因?yàn)樵鲩L給第三世界國家以及環(huán)境帶來了種種危害,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學(xué)的功能

2.大學(xué)是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)

3.如何改進(jìn)

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

11.單選題

Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI'vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal_______,PresidentKennedyandDr.MartinLutherKingJr.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemblance

B.statues

C.icons

D.parable

【答案】C

【解析】resemblance相似之處;statue雕像;icon偶像,崇拜對(duì)象;parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我個(gè)人而言,我對(duì)他們?cè)噲D以一種非常具有誤導(dǎo)性的方式對(duì)待肯尼迪總統(tǒng)和馬丁?路德?金博士的事感到很憤怒,而我講過這兩個(gè)人是我的偶像。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.翻譯題

ManyadvocatesofauniversalhealthcaresystemintheUnitedStateslooktoCanadafortheirmodel.WhiletheCanadianhealthcaresystemhasmuchtorecommendit,there'sanothermodelthathasbeentoolongneglected.ThatisthehealthcaresysteminFrance.

(1)AlthoughtheFrenchsystemfacesmanychallenges,theWorldHealthOrganizationrateditthebestintheworldin2001becauseofitsuniversalcoverage,responsivehealthcareproviders,patientandproviderfreedoms,andthehealthandlongevityofthecountry'spopulation.TheUnitedStatesranked37.

TheFrenchsystemisalsonotinexpensive.At$3,500percapitaitisoneofthemostcostlyinEurope,yetthatisstillfarlessthanthe$6,100perpersonintheUnitedStates.

(2)TheFrenchshareAmericans'distasteforrestrictionsonpatientchoiceandtheyinsistonautonomousprivatepractitionersratherthanaBritish-stylenationalhealthservice,whichtheFrenchdismissas"socializedmedicine".VirtuallyallphysiciansinFranceparticipateinthenation'spublichealthinsurance,SecuriteSociale.

Theirfreedomsofdiagnosisandtherapyareprotectedinwaysthatwouldmaketheirmanaged-care-controlledUScounterpartsenvious.However,theaverageAmericanphysicianearnsmorethanfivetimestheaverageUSwagewhiletheaverageFrenchphysicianmakesonlyabouttwotimestheaverageearningsofhisorhercompatriots.(3)ButthelowerincomeofFrenchphysiciansisallayedbytwofactors,Practiceliabilityisgreatlydiminishedbyatort-averselegalsystem,andmedicalschools,althoughextremelycompetitivetoenter,aretuition-free.Thus,Frenchphysiciansentertheircareers,withanydebtandpaymuchlowermalpracticeinsurancepremiums.

NordoFrance'sdoctorsfacethehighnonmedicalpersonnelpayrollexpensesthatburdenAmericanphysicians.SecuriteSocialehascreatedastandardizedandspeedysystemforphysicianbillingandpatientreimbursementusingelectronicfunds.

(4)It'snotuncommontovisitaFrenchmedicalofficeandseenononmedicalpersonnel.Whataconcept.Nobackofficearmyofbillingspecialistswhododailybattlewithinsurers'arcaneandconstantlychangingrulesofpayment.

NationalhealthinsuranceinFrancestandsupontwograndhistoricalbargains—thefirstwithdoctorsandasecondwithinsurers.

DoctorsonlyagreedtoparticipateincompulsoryhealthinsuranceiftheJawprotectedapatient'schoiceofpractitionerandguaranteedphysicians'resistancebypermittingthenation'salreadyexistinginsurerstoadministeritsnewhealthcarefunds.PrivatehealthinsurersarealsocentraltothesystemassupplementalinsurerswhocoverpatientexpensesthatarenotpaidforbySecuriteSociale.

Infact,inFrance,thesickeryouare,themorecoverage,care,andtreatmentyouget.Likeallhealthcaresystems,theFrenchconfrontongoingproblems.(5)TodayFrenchreformers'numberonepriorityistomovehealthinsurancefinancingawayfrompayrollandwageleviesbecausetheyhamperemployers'willingnesstohire.Instead,Franceisturningtowardbroadtaxesonearnedandunearnedincomealiketopayforhealthcare.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】（1）盡管法國的醫(yī)療保健制度面臨著很多的挑戰(zhàn)，但2001年世界衛(wèi)生組織仍將它排在第一位，原因是法國的醫(yī)療保健制度的覆蓋面最廣，擁有積極響應(yīng)的醫(yī)療保健提供者,醫(yī)患的自由性和國民健康、長壽。

（2）法國人和美國人一樣也不愿意在患者選擇上設(shè)限，并且他們堅(jiān)決主張自主的私營執(zhí)業(yè)者，而不是一種英國式的國民保健制度。法國人將這種國民保健制度視為“公費(fèi)醫(yī)療制度”，不予采納。

（3）但是兩方面的因素彌補(bǔ)了法國醫(yī)生的收入低的情形。反侵權(quán)法律制度大大減小了實(shí)踐責(zé)任。另外,盡管進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)院的競爭極其激烈，但其學(xué)費(fèi)是免費(fèi)的。因此，法國醫(yī)生就業(yè)時(shí)很少欠債，所付的醫(yī)療事故保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)非常少。

（4）參觀法國醫(yī)用辦公室看不到非醫(yī)學(xué)的職員是很平常的事情。也就是說在后端辦公的人員中，沒有大批的醫(yī)療賬單專家每天與保險(xiǎn)公司不斷改變的付款規(guī)則作戰(zhàn)。

（5）)如今法國改革者優(yōu)先考慮的事是不再從工資和工資稅上為健康保險(xiǎn)籌措資金，因?yàn)樗麄冎萍s了雇用者雇用員工的意愿。相反，法國的稅收主要是來自工薪收入和非工薪收入，并用這些稅收來支付健康保險(xiǎn)。

13.翻譯題

Scientistsaresearchingforwaystodestroynuclearweaponsinspace-tomakenuclearweaponspowerlessandnolongeruseful.Thishasbecomeknownas"StarWars".(1).SupportersoftheStarWardefensesystemhopethatthiswouldnotonlyprotectanationagainstanactualnuclearattack,butwouldbeenoughofathreattokeepanuclearwarfromeverhappening.

(2).OpponentsofStarWarsareworriedthatsuchasystemmightintroducenuclearweaponsintoouterspaceandmightnotcompletelyprotectthenationagainstattack.Somemissilesmight"leakthrough"theStarWarsdefenses.Orthecomputersthatrunthesystemmightnotworkproperly.Suchadefensesystem,theysay,mightalsobeusedtoattackothers.Anditmightnotstopthebuildupofground-basednuclearweapons.

Hopefully,anuclearwarwillneverbegin.But,insuchanevent,couldpeoplereallyprotectthemselves?SupportersofStarWarsbelievethatlaserweaponsarethekeytodefense.(3).Butcanlaserbeamsbedevelopedinsuchawaytodestroyattackingmissilesinspace?Lasersarenotnew.Theyhavebeenaroundforover25years.Theyinvolvethefollowingprocess:(4).Atomsofcertainsubstancesarestimulated,orexcited,byaburstofenergyfromoutside.Theexcitedatomsthenproducewavesoflight.Theselightwavestravelupanddownalaserrodandexcite,orstimulate,otheratoms.Whenaparticularenergylevelisreached,thelaserrodproducesastrong,narrowbeamofradiation.Mostlasersgiveoffvisiblelight,buttheycanbebuilttoproduceheatradiationorevenX-rayradiation.

Becauseoftheintensityandnarrownessoftheirbeams,laserscanbeputtothousandsofuses.Laserbeamshavebeenbouncedoffthemoon.Theycancutthroughdiamondorsteel.Theyareusedbydoctorsfordelicatesurgery-suchasrepairingdamagedeyes.Andlasersarealsousedasweapons.(5).Theycangiveartilleryanaccuracyassharpasthepointofapin.Theycanalso"blind"electronicsystemsinplanes,tanksandships.Thismeansthatthoseelectronicsystemscannolongereffectivelyfindanddestroytheirtargets.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.星球大戰(zhàn)防御系統(tǒng)的支持者希望這不僅能使一個(gè)國家免受真正的核攻擊,而且還足以形成一種威懾,使得核戰(zhàn)爭永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。

2.星球大戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃的反對(duì)者則擔(dān)心此系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)將核武器引進(jìn)外太空,而且可能也不能完全保護(hù)該國家免受核武器的攻擊。

3.但是,能以這種方式把激光束發(fā)展到可以摧毀太空中的攻擊導(dǎo)彈嗎？

4.特定物質(zhì)的原子受到外界爆發(fā)的能量的刺激或激發(fā)。然后,這些被激發(fā)的原子就產(chǎn)生光波。

5.它們可以使大炮的誤差精確到大頭針針尖的大小。它們也可以使飛機(jī)、坦克和軍艦上的電子系統(tǒng)處于"失明"狀態(tài)。

14.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepanofEasternEurope_______Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pitched

B.imposed

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】pitched傾斜;投擲;imposed強(qiáng)加的;inserted插入;plunged投入,陷入。句意：1914年,東歐一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)發(fā)生的一件顯然無關(guān)緊要的事件使歐洲陷入了一場大戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe_______totouristspending?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】attributed把...歸于,歸屬;applied應(yīng)用,實(shí)施;contributed貢獻(xiàn),有助于...;attached附加,伴隨。句意：在旅游勝地或附近的商店的銷售額中,有多大比例可以歸因于游客的消費(fèi)?選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Itisironicthatthe_______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】original...cliches原始的,獨(dú)創(chuàng)的陳詞濫調(diào);banal...beliefs陳腐的信仰;dubious…h(huán)abits可疑的習(xí)慣;philosophical...questions哲學(xué)的問題。句意：具有諷刺意味的是,偉大思想家的獨(dú)到見解經(jīng)常被人提出,以至于成為陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Advanceinfoodpreservationgaveconsumersindevelopedcountriesaccessto_______allfoodsgrownindistantlands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensively

B.virtually

C.artificially

D.continually

【答案】C

【解析】extensively廣泛的；virtually事實(shí)上；artificially人為地；continually不斷地，頻繁地。句意：食品保存技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使發(fā)達(dá)國家的消費(fèi)者能夠人為地獲取不同產(chǎn)地的食品。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Beforestartingmyownbusiness,Ihadto_______myboss'speculiarworkingplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.playthedevilwith

B.playalongwith

C.playcheckmatewith

D.playthebearwith

【答案】B

【解析】playthedevilwith搞糟,使失敗;playalongwith參與;playcheckmatewith把……將死;使…一敗涂地;playthebearwith破壞。句意：在開始自己的事業(yè)之前,我必須參與老板獨(dú)特的工作計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意義的;prompt及時(shí)的,迅速的;vital至關(guān)重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于燒傷。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

20.單選題

PreliminaryfiguresshowBibbCounty'staxdigestisslightly_______withstateguidelines,whichcouldresultinafineofupto$100,000.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outforthecount

B.outandout

C.outofblast

D.outofwhack

【答案】D

【解析】outforthecount死的,毀了的;outandout徹底地;outofblast停工,停產(chǎn);outofwhack不一致;不正常。句意：初步數(shù)據(jù)顯示，比伯縣的《稅務(wù)摘要》與該州的指導(dǎo)方針略有出入，可能會(huì)被處以最高10萬美元的罰款。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費(fèi),慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強(qiáng)加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.單選題

Businessisimprovingbutmuchmorehardworkandcommonsensewillbe_______beforeanysubstantialprofitscanberealized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.calledfor

C.takenup

D.gonethrough

【答案】B

【解析】putupwith容忍;calledfor需要,要求;takenup拿起,占據(jù),開始從事;gonethrough經(jīng)歷。句意：生意正在好轉(zhuǎn),但要想獲得可觀的利潤,還需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常識(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

23.單選題

ThebureaudevelopsandimplementsUSforeigneconomicpolicyandtriesto_______America'seconomicinterestswithitsforeignpolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undertake

B.resolve

C.obey

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】undertake承擔(dān),保證;resolve決心;obey服從;reconcile使和解,使一致。句意：該局制定和實(shí)施美國的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,并努力使美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與其外交政策相協(xié)調(diào)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

24.單選題

GoingGreenAfterGray

VisantoMelina,R.D.,gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter."Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople."shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn'tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,"shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn'thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging—weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion—andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines.Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin."Thecrashfeltliketheflu,"shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu"disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimen