2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)7

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Medievaltravelers'talesoffantasticcreatureswereoftenfascinatingbutnotalways（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.creditable

C.conceivable

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible意為“可信的，可靠的”通常指人物、言語、歷史、故事等的可信；creditable意為“值得稱贊的，帶來榮譽(yù)的，可信的”，通常指人的行為，表現(xiàn)或工作而言；conceivable意為“可想到的，可想像的”；credulous意為“輕信的，易受騙的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，tale表示“傳說，傳言”，因此選A。

句意：中世紀(jì)旅行者關(guān)于神奇生物的故事常常引人入勝，但并不總是可信的。

2.單選題

Theshowthatwewatchedwasso（

）thatwelaughedloudly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comical

B.laughable

C.animated

D.attractive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。comical意為“好笑的，滑稽的，有趣的”；laughable意為“可笑的，荒謬的，值得當(dāng)真的”，含有貶義；animated意為“活躍的，生氣勃勃的”；attractive意為“誘人的，吸引人的”。由welaughedloudly（我們大聲笑）可推測(cè)theshow（演出、節(jié)目）好笑，因此選A。

句意：我們看的表演太好笑了，我們大笑起來。

3.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成條件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平，而那些能關(guān)掉電源的老鼠去沒有受到影響）可知選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果這些動(dòng)物遇到了它們無法控制的情況，那么當(dāng)它們面對(duì)他們能夠控制的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，它們會(huì)表現(xiàn)出被動(dòng)的行為）可知選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛聯(lián)系起來，老鼠很快就學(xué)會(huì)了避免吃甜味劑）可知選D。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦如何改變免疫反應(yīng)的最開始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推測(cè)，他已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，足以殺死它們）可推測(cè)Ader’s的實(shí)驗(yàn)中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大腦改變了它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，因此選C

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了本文的主題stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（壓力似乎會(huì)影響低等動(dòng)物的免疫防御能力），然后舉例證明其觀點(diǎn)。第一段中Laudenslager的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：對(duì)事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系統(tǒng)的弱化，而不是由實(shí)驗(yàn)本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss認(rèn)為：被允許控制不愉快刺激的動(dòng)物不會(huì)產(chǎn)生睡眠障礙或典型的應(yīng)激大鼠的大腦化學(xué)變化；最后一段中Ader’s的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：他已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)是在一些特定條件下進(jìn)行的，因此可推斷動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)能被條件反射所削弱，因此選A。

4.單選題

Althoughsomepeopleadvocateterrorists,loveofpeaceisthe（

）feelingofmanypeopletoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominant

B.predominant

C.paramount

D.preeminent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。dominant意為“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，占支配地位的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威；predominant意為“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”，側(cè)重主要的，有優(yōu)勢(shì)的；paramount意為“最高的，至上的”；preeminent意為“卓越的，杰出的”。

句意：雖然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子，但熱愛和平是當(dāng)今很多人的主要態(tài)度。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

許多人質(zhì)疑跨國婚姻的穩(wěn)定性。這種質(zhì)疑讓我覺得疑惑，因?yàn)槿绻阃Ｏ聛硐胍幌朊绹碾x婚問題，你會(huì)想到大多數(shù)破裂的婚姻都是土生土長的美國人之間的。當(dāng)然，我并不認(rèn)為有任何統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可以表明，跨國婚姻比傳統(tǒng)婚姻更容易走向離婚。我對(duì)婚姻的不穩(wěn)定和婚姻中的國籍差異之間是否有任何有意義的關(guān)系是十分懷疑的。

在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對(duì)生活方式的感受會(huì)經(jīng)歷四個(gè)感知領(lǐng)域的細(xì)微變化。第一，是我們內(nèi)心對(duì)自己和他人的看法。第二，是我們?cè)谏畹母鞣N威脅面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知。最后，是我們對(duì)自己的精力和活力的直覺變化。這些都是朦朧的感覺，它們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，并影響著我們采取行動(dòng)前的各種決定。

這里有很多因素值得關(guān)注。當(dāng)主要的決策者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們談到蓬勃發(fā)展的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和自由貿(mào)易的好處時(shí)，他們往往忽視了那些失敗者。微軟和波音的首席執(zhí)行官都是贏家，他們將聯(lián)合擔(dān)任這次世界貿(mào)易組織西雅圖會(huì)議接待委員會(huì)的主席。但已經(jīng)形成的全球化形式增加了貧富國家之間的差距。

6.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃，掃視，匆匆一看”；B選項(xiàng)glimpse“瞥見”；C選項(xiàng)glare“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)gleamed“閃爍；隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意：這本小說包括對(duì)19世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥，絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”，是glance的結(jié)果?！皌akeaglanceat...”（看一看）的結(jié)果便是“getaglimpseof...”（瞥見了），此句中，小說提到的是19世紀(jì)的鄉(xiāng)村生活，是結(jié)果不是看一看的動(dòng)作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstances

B.environment

C.surroundings

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。circumstance意為“環(huán)境，境遇”，往往指人力無法控制、駕馭的事件和事態(tài)的總和；environment意為“環(huán)境，外界”,指對(duì)人的成長、情感、觀念、倫理、道德、品行等產(chǎn)生影響的環(huán)境;surrounding意為“環(huán)境，周圍的事物”，偏重于生活、居住的周圍環(huán)境；space意為“(可利用的)空地，空間”。

句意：很快就清楚了，室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師最重要的基本關(guān)注點(diǎn)是某一特定空間的功能。

8.單選題

Shetriedtogetacopyofthe（

）,sothatshecouldcookthedishherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.menu

B.prescription

C.recipe

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。menu意為“菜單”；prescription意為“處方，藥方”；recipe意為“食譜”；instruction意為“操作指南，指示，命令”。由后半句shecouldcookthedishherself（她可以自己做飯）可知選C。

句意：她試著要一份食譜，這樣她就可以自己做飯了。

9.單選題

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.（許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們覺得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood（根據(jù)JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》，幾乎每種食物都含有蛋白質(zhì)）可知C選項(xiàng)“蛋白質(zhì)幾乎可以在每種食物中找到”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;（美國80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麥用于飼養(yǎng)牲畜。單是世界上的牛就消耗了足夠的食物，足以滿足87億人的熱量需求。美國一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知飼養(yǎng)牲畜需要消耗大量的食物與水，如果人們減少食肉，那么所需種植食物的土地資源和水資源會(huì)減少，將有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)，因此選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.（吃動(dòng)物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者對(duì)吃肉持反對(duì)態(tài)度，因此選B。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出減少食肉對(duì)環(huán)境和道德都是有益的；第二段介紹了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系統(tǒng)弱；第三段介紹了飼養(yǎng)牲畜消耗了大量的食物與水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就會(huì)增大；第三段介紹了許多人成為素食者是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得吃動(dòng)物是不道德的；最后一段總結(jié)概括消耗更少的肉有益于動(dòng)物的健康、人們的健康以及世界的健康。因此A選項(xiàng)“少食肉的好處”符合題意。1

10.翻譯題

3.正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對(duì)于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。

【答案】【參考譯文】

3.Weliveinanascendingscalewhenwelivehappily,onethingleadingtoanotherinanendlessseries.Thereisalwaysanewhorizonforonward-lookingmen,andalthoughwedwellonasmallplanet,immersedinpettybusinessandnotenduringbeyondabriefperiodofyears,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.

11.單選題

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，從屬于；常遭受……；有……傾向的”。A選項(xiàng)despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顧；B選項(xiàng)evil的常用搭配有speakevilof說壞話；誹謗/doevil作惡；為非作歹；干壞事；造孽；D選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，地表，堅(jiān)硬外殼”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本產(chǎn)品（）更換，恕不另行通知。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)更符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Oneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofinthebed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pedestrians

B.peculiarities

C.pedagogues

D.punctures

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。eccentricity意為“古怪行為，怪癖”；pedestrian意為“行人，步行者”；peculiarity意為“怪異的性質(zhì)(或習(xí)慣)，怪癖”；pedagogue意為“教師，好為人師的人”；puncture意為“小孔，扎孔”。

句意：他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。

13.單選題

Englandbecameunifiedlateinthe15thcentury.OnBosworthField,in1485,HenryTudorputanendtothecivilstrifeoftheWarsoftheRosesandcrownedhimselfHenryVII.Forcefullybringingrecalcitrantnoblestoheel,hestrengthenedhisauthority.Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies,andrestrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol,whohadmonopolizedtrade.ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.But,beforethelatterleftSpain,theSpanishmonarchsexperiencedachangeofheartandsupportedthevoyagethatwastogiveSpainanempire.

Meanwhile,HenryVIInevergaveuphishopeofobtainingforEnglandashareoftherichEasterntrade.BritishmerchantsestablishedatradelinkwithIcelandabout1490.AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.AnItalian-bornnavigator,CabothadlivedinEnglandsince1484.Asayouth,hehadvisitedtheEast,andwhenhearrivedinLondonhehadalreadydecidedthatanall-waterroutecouldbefoundtothetradingcentersthere.HemayhavemadeafewtripstoIcelandbeforetheKingcommissionedhistrans-Atlanticvoyage.

InMayof1497,CabotleftBristolwithacrewof18and,afteravoyageof52daysacrosstheNorthAtlantic,landedonCapeBretonIslandandtookpossessionofthelandforHenryVII.Fromthere,heexploredseveralislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceandinAugustreturnedtoEnglandandthepraiseofHenryVII,whograntedhimnewletters-patent.WhenCabotsailedagain,in1498,hehadperhaps5or6ships,whosecrewstotaledsome300men.TheKingpersonallyfinancedasubstantialportionoftheexpedition'scost.Onhissecondvoyage,CabotprobablyexploredtheNorthAmericancoastfromNewfoundlandsouthtotheDelawareorChesapeakeBays.

HavingfailedtofindtheshoresofCathay(China)orCipango(Japan),theEnglishturnedintheoppositedirection.HenryⅦ’sson,HenryⅧ——betterknownforhismartialinvolvementandhisbreakwiththePope——enthusiasticallybegantobuild“afleetthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseen.”JohnCabot’sson,Sebastian,becamearenownednavigator.AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.HealsohelpedfoundthecompanyofMerchant-Adventurers,predecessoroftheMuscovyCompany,andbecameitspresidentforlife.

Thus,fornearlyacentury,England'sinterestwasdivertedfromtheNewWorldandherenergieswereconcentratedonthedevelopmentofacommercialempireandamerchantfleetthatbecamesecondtononeinEurope.ButJohnCabothadgivenEnglandaclaimtothenorthernshoresoftheNewWorld,andinthecourseoftimethe"seadogs"andotherEnglishmarinersweretobreathenewlifeintoit.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesColumbuschieflyto

（

）.

4.AccordingtothePassage,SebastianCabotandChristopherColumbus（

）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatHenryⅦ'sinterestinnavigationwaschiefly

（

）.

6.AccordingtothepassageHenryⅦ'spoliciesincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

8.Forthepurposesofthispassage,theendofthewarsoftheRoseswasimportantchieflybecause

（

）.

9.Forthepurposesofthispassage,JohnCabot'sprincipalimportanceisthathe

（

）.

10.Accordingtothepassage,theinitialvoyagesofChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotweremotivatedchieflybyadesire（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recounttheCabots'contributionstoEngland'scommercialdevelopment.

B.demonstratethefar-sightednessoftheTudormonarchs.

C.explainEngland'searlyinvolvementwiththeNewWorld.

D.analyzethelate15thcenturycompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.HenryⅦfollowedhisfather'spolicyofrapidexplorationoftheNewWorld.

B.England'ssuperiormerchantfleetwasestablishedbeforeherinitialvoyagestotheNewWorld.

C.HenryⅧ’sfamerestsmainlyonhisestablishmentofacommercialempire.

D.SebastianCabotestablishedasea-landroutetoMoscowduringHenryVIII'sreign.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.EmphasizethecompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain

B.illustratedthedisloyaltyofSpanishnavigators

C.demonstratethatEnglandtrailedherchiefrivalsinexploration

D.illustrateHenryⅦ'sinterestinpromotingcommerce

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.competedwitheachothertofindnewroutestotheNewWorld

B.discoveredcontinents

C.establishedtradingcompanies

D.workedforSpanishmonarchs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.military

C.political

D.educational

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.financingofforeign-bornvoyagers

B.useofforceinsubduingEnglishnobles

C.encouragementofforeignmerchantsinEngland

D.formationoftradingcompanies

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Someearlyvoyagerswerewillingtoservewhateverkingwouldfinancetheirexpeditions.

B.HenryVIIwishedtoreachtheNewWorldbeforeSpaindid.

C.Mostearlyvoyagerswerenotwellcompensatedfortheirdiscoveries.

D.EnglishmonarchswerequicktorecognizetheimportanceofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.itestablishedtheTudordynastyinEngland

B.itbroughtabenevolentkingtotheEnglishthrone

C.itunitedEngland,Scotland,andWales

D.theensuingpeaceallowedcommercialdevelopment

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.establishedEngland'sclaimintheNewWorld

B.openednewcommercialroutestotheEast

C.gaveEnglandnavalsupremacyinEurope

D.provedthatall-waterroutestomajortradingcentersexisted

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.tofindaroutetoAsia

B.forpersonalgain

C.todiscovernewlands

D.toincreasetheirmonarchs'empires

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了亨利七世統(tǒng)治英格蘭期間當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景環(huán)境以及他注重商業(yè)發(fā)展、鼓勵(lì)海外貿(mào)易。亨利七世原本答應(yīng)支持哥倫布的航海計(jì)劃，但最終由西班牙君主資助；第二段介紹亨利七世授權(quán)約翰?卡伯特及其兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲以及約翰?卡伯特的簡(jiǎn)介；第三段介紹了約翰?卡伯特的航行為英國發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的土地；第四段介紹了亨利八世和約翰?卡伯特的兒子的成就；最后一段介紹英國將注意力從發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展為商業(yè)帝國。因此本文的主旨為約翰?卡伯特為英國航海及商業(yè)作出的貢獻(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)“講述卡伯特對(duì)英國商業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國，開啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知D選項(xiàng)“在亨利八世統(tǒng)治期間，塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特建立了一條通往莫斯科的海陸航線”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies...HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上。他鼓勵(lì)英國商人從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易，支持貿(mào)易公司的成立……亨利七世同意為這次航行提供資金，并敦促哥倫布立即來到英國）可知D選項(xiàng)“證明亨利七世對(duì)促進(jìn)商業(yè)貿(mào)易發(fā)展興趣”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國，開啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特以前也為西班牙君主服務(wù)，因此選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上）可知作者認(rèn)為亨利七世對(duì)航海的興趣主要是商業(yè)方面的，因此選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的restrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol（限制外國商人在倫敦和布里斯托爾的活動(dòng)）可知C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)在英國的外國商人”符合題意。

7.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國，當(dāng)沒有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國王的支持時(shí)，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國）可知A選項(xiàng)“早期的一些航行家愿意服務(wù)于任何給他們資助的國王”符合題意。

8.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.（近一個(gè)世紀(jì)來，這個(gè)國家首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了政府的穩(wěn)定和保持了相當(dāng)程度的和平與繁榮）可知D選項(xiàng)“隨之而來的和平使商業(yè)發(fā)展得以實(shí)現(xiàn)”符合題意。

9.推理判斷題。B選項(xiàng)“開辟通往東方的新商業(yè)路線”與C選項(xiàng)“賦予英國海軍在歐洲的霸主地位”在文章中沒有提及到，故排除。A選項(xiàng)“確立了英國在新大陸的主權(quán)”與D選項(xiàng)“證明通往主要貿(mào)易中心的水路是存在的”都屬于JohnCabot的貢獻(xiàn)，但其最重要的貢獻(xiàn)是D選項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國，當(dāng)沒有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國王的支持時(shí)，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國）和第二段中的AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.（1496年3月5日，在哥倫布航海的消息的鼓舞下，亨利七世授予“深愛的約翰?卡伯特”和他的三個(gè)兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲）可知ChristopherColumbus和JohnCabot最初航行的目的是到達(dá)亞洲，因此選A。

14.翻譯題

當(dāng)今世界正處在大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整時(shí)期。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，國際金融危機(jī)影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn)，氣候變化、能源資源、公共衛(wèi)生安全等全球性問題突出，國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題此起彼伏。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)，需要世界各國人民加強(qiáng)合作、同舟共濟(jì)。

中國改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的顯著成就，人民生活繼續(xù)改善，社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。中國積極參加應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融危機(jī)、氣候變化等問題的國際合作，擴(kuò)大同世界各國交流合作，為世界和平與發(fā)展做出了新的貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】【參考譯文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

15.單選題

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the（

）judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的，寬恕的，溫和的”；impartial意為“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意為“一絲不茍的，認(rèn)真的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough（即使，縱然）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的，因此選A。

句意：即使他有罪，仁慈的法官也沒有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

16.翻譯題

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.Evenwithineachnatio