2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗長(zhǎng)的”；B選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的；次要的”；C選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的；通用的”；D選項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細(xì)的”。句意：只是因?yàn)槲沂撬南聦?，我的老板就認(rèn)為，他可以在對(duì)我沒(méi)有表示任何尊敬的情況下把我差來(lái)差去。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項(xiàng)修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項(xiàng)指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬，從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

3.單選題

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raconteur“健談?wù)?；擅長(zhǎng)講故事的人”；B，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：大家都知道這位演講者的確是一位健談?wù)撸赃@個(gè)節(jié)目有很多人參加。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanrobotsdonow?

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.devices

B.experts

C.programs

D.creatures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.canfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.canrespondindependentlytoachangingworld

C.canhavealittlecommonsense

D.caninteractwithhumanbeingsverbally

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.Dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.Improvefactoryenvironments.

D.Cultivatehumancreativity.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

D.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Humaningenuity可以定位到原文首段“Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.”中文翻譯為：從人類智慧出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，人們一直都在設(shè)計(jì)更加巧妙的工具來(lái)處理危險(xiǎn)的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是顯然骯臟的工作。因此C選項(xiàng)“針對(duì)困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作發(fā)明工具”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:device“裝置”；B:expert“專家”；C:program“程序”；D:creature“生物”。

根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“…whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.”中文翻譯為：他們的普遍存在已節(jié)省了很多人類勞動(dòng)，以及gizmo意為“小裝置”可推斷出A項(xiàng)“裝置”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”中文翻譯為：我們不能給予機(jī)器人足夠的常識(shí)來(lái)讓其可靠地與一個(gè)不斷變化的世界進(jìn)行互動(dòng)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“能獨(dú)自對(duì)一個(gè)變化的世界做出反應(yīng)”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror.”中文翻譯為：雖然我們知曉如何告訴一個(gè)機(jī)器人去處理一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤，可以判斷B項(xiàng)“在人類的介入下處理一些錯(cuò)誤”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一段“Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.”中文翻譯為：但是，人的大腦能夠掃視一個(gè)快速變化的場(chǎng)景，然后立刻忽視98%的不相干的物體，隨后立即聚焦于在蜿蜒的森林道路旁的一只猴子，或一大群人中一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也不能達(dá)到那種能力，并且神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們?nèi)绾巫龅竭@點(diǎn)。可知答案為D“在聚焦于相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)不及人類大腦”。

5.單選題

Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatly（1）livingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthat（2）recentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthem（3）bothinternalandforeigninvestment.Itmaytakeadecadeformanydevelopingcountriestoimprovetransportation,powersupplies,andother（4）.Yetasingle（5）fiberwitha（6）oflessthanhalfa/an（7）cancarrymoreinformationthanalargecablemadeofcopperwires.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumofmoney（8）theirtelecommunicationsnetworkstoallowthemtocompete,（9）thetransferofinformation,withdevelopedcountries.Howfastthesenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.

Chinaismakingoneoftheboldestleaps（10）carefullyweighingcostsandchoosing（11）technologies.Overthenextdecade,itplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.（12）China’sbackwardnessisanadvantage,becausetheexpansionoccurs（13）newtechnologiesarebecomingcheaperthancopperwiresystems.Bytheendof1995,eachofChina’s（14）capitalsexceptforTibetwillhavedigital（15）andotherlatestwirelesstransmissionsystem.Thismeansthatmajorcitiesaregettingthebasic（16）tobecomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway,allowingpeopleto（17）ontothemostadvancedservicesavailable.

Telecommunicationsisalsoakey（18）Shanghai’sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Toofferpeakperformanceinprovidingtheelectronicdataandpaperlesstrading,Shanghaiplanstobeaselectronicallyadvanced（19）theCityofNewYork.

Someexpertsfear（20）thatsomedevelopingcountriesaretryingtodo（21）toosoon.Vietnam,（22）particular,（23）beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype,isdeterminedtocontributemoremoneytothemostexpensive,newesttechnologiestokeep（24）withanyoneinAsia.

Thailandisalsoturningtowireless,asawaytoallowThaistomakebetteruseofallthetimetheyspend（25）intraffic.Mobilephoneshavebecomethe（26）amongbusinesspeople,whocanremainincontactdespitethetrafficjams.

Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardto（27）.And（28）themistakesthey’llmake,they’llpersist—（29）onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans（30）theinformationsuperhighway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boast

B.bloom

C.boom

D.boost

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.are

C.for

D.by

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.inform

C.promote

D.promulgate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.utensils

C.utilities

D.structures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.optical

B.slender

C.synthetic

D.moral

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.length

B.diameter

C.weight

D.volume

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.millimeter

B.centimeter

C.yard

D.inch

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.at

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.inrespectof

D.regardof

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.forward

B.by

C.ahead

D.for

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.at

C.by

D.between

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.Inaway

B.Inmemory

C.Inprospect

D.Meantime

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.like

C.justlike

D.justas

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.remote

B.renowned

C.provincial

D.affluent

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.transfer

B.switches

C.high-capacity

D.license

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.aspect

B.perspective

C.phase

D.infrastructure

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.log

C.grasp

D.take

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.point

D.question

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.than

C.like

D.as

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.instead

C.consequently

D.therefore

問(wèn)題21選項(xiàng)

A.muchmore

B.toomany

C.toomuch

D.much

問(wèn)題22選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.with

問(wèn)題23選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.therefore

C.while

D.however

問(wèn)題24選項(xiàng)

A.pace

B.step

C.rate

D.gait

問(wèn)題25選項(xiàng)

A.fixed

B.stuck

C.retained

D.bound

問(wèn)題26選項(xiàng)

A.model

B.passion

C.wrath

D.rage

問(wèn)題27選項(xiàng)

A.resist

B.stop

C.recover

D.catch

問(wèn)題28選項(xiàng)

A.nowthat

B.inspite

C.despiteof

D.despite

問(wèn)題29選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.while

C.sothat

D.bythen

問(wèn)題30選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.with

C.for

D.by

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

第21題:C

第22題:A

第23題:C

第24題:A

第25題:B

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:D

第29題:C

第30題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)boast“自吹自擂說(shuō)；以有……而自豪”；B選項(xiàng)bloom“使開(kāi)花；使茂盛”；C選項(xiàng)boom“使興旺；發(fā)出隆隆聲”；D選項(xiàng)boost“促進(jìn)；增加；提高”。選項(xiàng)后“l(fā)ivingstandards”中文翻譯為：生活水平。故D項(xiàng)最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。由untilrecently“直到最近”可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小”；B選項(xiàng)inform“通知；告訴”；C選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)；提升；推銷”；D選項(xiàng)promulgate“公布；傳播；發(fā)表”。聯(lián)系上文“acquiringup-to-datetelecommunications”中文翻譯為：獲取最新的通訊，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)means“手段；方法”；B選項(xiàng)utensils“餐具；炊具”；C選項(xiàng)utilities“公用設(shè)施”；D選項(xiàng)structures“結(jié)構(gòu)；［建］構(gòu)筑物”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，以及上文transportation，powersupplies，譯為“交通、電力供應(yīng)”可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文fiber，中文大意為：纖維，因此判斷選A，與后文構(gòu)成opticalfiber“光纖”。

6.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)length“長(zhǎng)度”；B選項(xiàng)diameter“直徑”；C選項(xiàng)weight“重量”；D選項(xiàng)volume“體積”。聯(lián)系上文“opticalfiber”意為：光纖，可知表示的為光纖的直徑，B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)millimeter“毫米”；B選項(xiàng)centimeter“厘米”；C選項(xiàng)yard“碼；院子”；D選項(xiàng)inch“英寸”。由前文“光纖的直徑”，可知A最合適。

8.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文telecommunicationsnetworks“通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)”可知選B。

9.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inrespectof“在……方面”，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)forward“向前地”；B選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”；C選項(xiàng)ahead“向前地；領(lǐng)先地”；D選項(xiàng)for“為了；因?yàn)椤?。結(jié)合下文carefullyweighingcosts“仔細(xì)地權(quán)衡成本”可知該空格處應(yīng)表示通過(guò)。因此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文“choosing選擇”與“technologies技術(shù)”。判斷出正確答案為D“在……之間”。

12.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inaway“在某種程度上”，故答案為A。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)since“自……以來(lái)；自……”；B選項(xiàng)like“像；如同”；C選項(xiàng)justlike“就像，正如”；D選項(xiàng)justas“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”。結(jié)合上文theexpansionoccurs“這個(gè)擴(kuò)張發(fā)生”，故選D。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的；疏遠(yuǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)renowned“著名的；有聲望的”；C選項(xiàng)provincial“省的”；D選項(xiàng)affluent“富裕的；豐富的；流暢的”。根據(jù)下文“capitals”中文翻譯為：省會(huì)，以及“exceptforTibet”中文翻譯為：除了西藏以外?？芍颂帉?duì)應(yīng)C項(xiàng)“省的”。

15.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。digitalswitch“數(shù)字交換機(jī)”，結(jié)合上下文判斷應(yīng)選B。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)aspect“方面；方向”；B選項(xiàng)perspective“觀點(diǎn)；遠(yuǎn)景；透視圖”；C選項(xiàng)phase“時(shí)期”；D選項(xiàng)infrastructure“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；公共建設(shè)”。結(jié)合下文becomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway“變成信息高速公路的主要部分”，可知最佳答案為D。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。logon“登錄”。答案為B。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。bekeyto“是……的關(guān)鍵”。答案為B。

19.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。as…as…“同……一樣；像……一樣”，答案為D。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)however“然而”；B選項(xiàng)instead“代替；反而；相反”；C選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”；D選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”。結(jié)合上文Someexpertsfear“一些專家擔(dān)心”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項(xiàng)A，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

21.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)muchmore“更加；多得多”；B選項(xiàng)toomany“太多（修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式）”；C選項(xiàng)toomuch“太多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）”；D選項(xiàng)much“許多，大量”。聯(lián)系下文toosoon“太快”可知正確選項(xiàng)為C。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inparticular“尤其，特別”。可知A選項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)since“自……以來(lái)；自……以后”；B選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”；C選項(xiàng)while“雖然”；D選項(xiàng)however“然而；可是”。結(jié)合此處后文“beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype”，中文翻譯為：極其不發(fā)達(dá)且缺少充足的任何種類的電話。可知最佳答案為C。

24.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。keeppacewith“保持；同步”，故答案選A。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)fix“使固定；修理”；B選項(xiàng)stick“阻止”；C選項(xiàng)retain“保持”；D選項(xiàng)bind“綁；約束；裝訂；包扎”。結(jié)合上下文可知答案為B。

26.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)model“模型；模范；樣式”；B選項(xiàng)passion“激情；熱情”；C選項(xiàng)wrath“憤怒；激怒”；D選項(xiàng)rage“狂怒；風(fēng)行一時(shí)的事物”。由上下文Mobilephones“移動(dòng)電話”與businesspeople“商人”可知此處答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resist“抵抗；忍耐，忍住”；B選項(xiàng)stop“停止；堵塞”；C選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得”；D選項(xiàng)catch“趕上；抓?。桓腥?；了解”。結(jié)合上文“thetemptation”中文翻譯為：誘惑，可知A為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nowthat“既然”；B選項(xiàng)inspite“一般與of來(lái)構(gòu)成inspiteof盡管”；C選項(xiàng)despiteof“不管；不顧；盡管（其后一般跟短語(yǔ)，而不跟完整的句子）”；D選項(xiàng)despite“盡管，不管（其后跟完整的句子）”。聯(lián)系下文“themistakesthey’llmake”中文翻譯為：他們將會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤，可知此處是個(gè)完整的句子，故選D。

29.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)while“雖然；然而；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；C選項(xiàng)sothat“以便”；D選項(xiàng)bythen“到那時(shí)”。聯(lián)系下文“onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans”中文翻譯為：將來(lái)有一天，他們能與美國(guó)人和西歐人一起漫游，判斷出C為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“theinformationsuperhighway”中文翻譯為：信息高速公路，可知答案為A。

6.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當(dāng)感覺(jué)自己處于一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時(shí)，科學(xué)家們變得非常興奮。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)。因此C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“不公平地被恢復(fù)主義者批評(píng)”。因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對(duì)二元論的不滿有一段時(shí)間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對(duì)主流工業(yè)社會(huì)的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)?？芍鸢笧锳項(xiàng)“討論一個(gè)次要的問(wèn)題來(lái)充當(dāng)對(duì)一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)更符合恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的模式。因此A項(xiàng)“Turner和Jordan對(duì)恢復(fù)主義者計(jì)劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機(jī)體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是恢復(fù)計(jì)劃本身忠實(shí)于恢復(fù)的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開(kāi)的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計(jì)劃與他們的原則不一致”。

8.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—som