2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號13

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問題1選項

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

2.單選題

Peoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.consent

C.conceal

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】句意:拒絕遵守法律的人要受到懲罰。

動詞辨析。obey服從，遵守。consent同意，準(zhǔn)許;conceal隱藏，隱瞞;comply遵從，服從。A和D都符合句意。但是obey后面直接接賓語。故選D。

3.單選題

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

問題1選項

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那個司機突然轉(zhuǎn)向是為了避免意外發(fā)生，這可以通過檢查路面印記予以證實。

動詞辨析。Swerve突然轉(zhuǎn)向;accelerate加速，促進;dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，離開。故A符合句意。

4.單選題

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

問題1選項

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好魚多得是（強中更有強中手）。

固定搭配?！癮s（作副詞用）+形容詞或副詞+as（作連詞用）”表示同級比較。

5.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”：toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto

（

）.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

問題3選項

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000

B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問題4選項

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth

問題5選項

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長比作“一根細長的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。故選A。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常，社會明顯面臨著滅絕的危險，因為死亡率高于出生率)。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas

increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口總量從5億增加到了40億。并且預(yù)計到2000年，全世界人口總量將達到62億)。因此A項符合原文。

4.作者意圖題。作者首先指出了人口增長的現(xiàn)狀,然后詳細回顧了歷史上人口統(tǒng)計特征及原因。故選D。

5.詞義題?！癲emographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長比作“一根細長的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。而且,文章是以人口增長為討論話題。因此,此題選A。

6.單選題

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

問題1選項

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼職及彈性工作方式加上培訓(xùn)與再培訓(xùn)方案推廣，使得更多的婦女能夠利用就業(yè)機會。

語法題。考查主謂一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞growth,故謂語用單數(shù)形式，故選D。

7.單選題

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

問題1選項

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告訴我參加會議的學(xué)生人數(shù)超過了100人。

語法題?？疾橹髦^一致。此句為賓語從句。賓語從句的主語為thenumber,因此其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。而且主句的時態(tài)為一般過去時,所以賓語從句時態(tài)與主句保持一致。故選D。

8.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們造福，而不是危害人們。

短語辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

9.單選題

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

問題1選項

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他們永遠離開了紐約，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永遠。

10.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexamplewereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworldmostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonal-health.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modemmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”fatis“out”，thismeans

（

）.

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

問題1選項

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問題2選項

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問題3選項

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問題4選項

A.thisis“inside”，fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”，fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthfill”，fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”，fatis“unfashionable”

問題5選項

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于taboo的解釋在第一段:Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior(你知道，這樣的行為從某種意義上說是不對的，并且其他人不會接受)。故選C(社會認(rèn)為不可接受的行為)。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime。因此文章認(rèn)為一些過去不被人們認(rèn)同的現(xiàn)象以及一些禁忌，通常在經(jīng)過一段時間后會慢慢地被人們接受。故選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞manyothertaboosubjects定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的話題是美國人一直在討論著的)。故選B。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thinis“in”fatis“out”定位至第三段最后一句,這段表明了美國社會對瘦的追求,對肥胖的貶斥。由此推測答案選D。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段可知,美國人鍛煉身體一方面是為了保持苗條的身材和年輕的外形，另一方面還在于鍛煉身體和保持身體健康之間的關(guān)系。故選B.

11.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

問題2選項

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

問題3選項

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

問題4選項

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

問題5選項

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。當(dāng)不同的男性聽到“父親”這個詞時，都會有不同的反應(yīng)。有些人覺得驕倣，有些人擔(dān)憂。故選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。A:很多書籍寫到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。實際上第三段提及大量書籍寫到關(guān)于母親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,而非父親，故排除。B:不太關(guān)注。文章倒數(shù)第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人們往往不太關(guān)注在這個調(diào)節(jié)過程當(dāng)中教育父親)。因此B項正確。C:角色轉(zhuǎn)變對于男性而言更難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家認(rèn)為父親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管困難，但是不會有妻子的的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。因此C錯誤。D:角色轉(zhuǎn)變是困難，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判斷推理題。A:母親能得到社會更多的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。B:一些作者認(rèn)為，母親有創(chuàng)造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母親的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全轉(zhuǎn)變，且有高度革新的適應(yīng)性),B項和原文有出入。C:母親一般待在家里照顧孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我們提及越來越多的女性在外工作),故C錯誤。D:母親應(yīng)該在這個轉(zhuǎn)變過程當(dāng)中幫助父親,文章并未提及。結(jié)合全文可知,A正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。A:成為母親和成為父親一樣難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家認(rèn)為，父親角色的改變雖然困難，但是不會有妻子的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。故本題選A。

5.作者意圖題。A:解釋為什么那么少的書籍寫關(guān)于父親的角色。B:贊揚母親對于家的巨大貢獻。C:批評父親在養(yǎng)育孩子上沒有承擔(dān)足夠的責(zé)任。D:抱怨社會項目在在幫助父親角色轉(zhuǎn)變上的缺乏。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本題選D。

12.單選題

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

問題1選項

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們認(rèn)為在這么多年里達成目標(biāo)，于他而言是可能的。

語法題?？疾樾问劫e語。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears為真正的賓語，possible為賓語補足語。當(dāng)不定式作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，通常會在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語移至句末。故A正確。

13.單選題

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

問題1選項

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

問題2選項

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

問題3選項

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

問題4選項

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

問題5選項

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首段提出慢跑是一種簡便易行的且可以保持健康的運動方式。之后分別討論了跑步鞋、著裝、跑步能力。故選A。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的運動方式就是可以訓(xùn)練心臟、肺部以及整個血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的運動)。故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出,對于慢跑者來說選擇合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者沒有做好準(zhǔn)備,慢跑也可能會造成損害。故選B。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。文章指出慢跑簡便易行而且可以保持健康,還可以減少患心臟病的幾率。故選C。

5.詞義題?！癿ystical”出現(xiàn)在第一段,用于修飾“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑這一運動項目廣受歡迎,并有助于保持身體健康。故選C。

14.單選題

“Youmustalwaysobeyyourleaders.’’Oh,Imust,（

）

問題1選項

A.mustn’tI

B.mustI

C.shouldn’tI

D.shouldI

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“你必須服從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”?！班?，難道必須嗎？”

語法題?？疾榉戳x疑問句。反問用法(情態(tài)動詞+主語)表示對說話對象的質(zhì)疑,反對,驚訝或反駁。

15.單選題

Poetryisanaturalor（

）overflowofpowerfulfeelings.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.homogeneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意:詩是自然而然，自發(fā)溢出的強烈的情感。

形容詞辨析。Spontaneous自發(fā)的，自然的;simultaneous同吋的，同時發(fā)生的;instantaneous瞬間的，即時的;Homogeneous同種的，同質(zhì)的。因此A符合句意。

16.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺時都會有兩個小時的時間在做夢。

語法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對過去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測”；wouldhavedone表示“本來會做某事，但實際沒有做成”；musthavedone表示“對過去事情的肯定推測”。故選B。

17.單選題

Thereasonforthetrafficaccidentinthemorningwas（

）oneofthedrivershadlostcontrolofhiscar.

問題1選項

A.that

B.why

C.how

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】答案:A。

句意:今天早上的這場交通事故的原因是一個司機的車失控了。

語法題?？疾楸碚Z從句。系動詞was后面接的是一個表語從句,且表語從句中不缺少成分,空格處應(yīng)填表語從句的連接詞,因此填that。

18.單選題

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

問題1選項

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這臺機器看上去像一臺又大又笨的老式打字機。

形容詞辨析。Forceful強有力的，有說服力的;clumsy笨拙的(貶義);intense強列的，緊張的;tricky狡猾的，機警的。因此B符合句意。

19.單選題

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher（

）.

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

（

）.

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

問題1選項

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

問題2選項

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

問題3選項

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

問題4選項

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

問題5選項

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Priestlycriticizesherassistant定位至第一段:Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther(在2006年的電影版‘穿普拉達的女王’中，由MerylStreep扮演的MirandaPriestly因猜想高級時尚沒有影響自己沒有魅力的助手而斥責(zé)她),因此可推知B項“對時尚不敏感”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable―meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌慫恿有時尚意識的'消費者將衣服看成是一次性的（意味著只洗一次或兩次，盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告），且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此D項“更頻繁地為自己買衣服”正確。

3.詞義題。單詞“indictment”后面的句子提到:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat―andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌公恵有時尚意識的消級者將衣服看成是一次性的（意味著只洗一次或兩次，盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告），且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此推測“indictment”在這里有“控告”的意思；故選A。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段:Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto(虛榮心是一種不變的事物；人們在自己不能承擔(dān)去購買東西時才會開始更可持續(xù)性地購物)。由此可推知D項“價格對有利于環(huán)境的購物是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由全文主要圍繞“批評快時尚行業(yè)浪費資源、勞動力，且污染環(huán)境”進行分析和論述可推知C項“批評快速時尚行業(yè)”正確。

20.單選題

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

問題1選項

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這位學(xué)生稱自己覺得這篇文章中有幾點難以理解。

語法題?？疾檫^去完成吋態(tài)。句中“said”表示一般過去時,句中后面的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，故使用過去完成時態(tài)的A項“hadfound”正確。

21.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforthere（

）problem