2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)財(cái)政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthegroundof“因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項(xiàng)onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會(huì)已______處于解體。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指奴隸社會(huì)快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Humanbeings:inalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.41.Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversifyinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,Anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind,Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.42.Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.43.Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

Anthropologyanalysisrestsheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.44.Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Soprofoundinitssimplicity,thisinsightopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.

45.Thus,theAnthropologicalconceptof“culture”,liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

【答案】41.另外，人類還有能力改善自己的生存環(huán)境，從而使所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從于人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。

42.社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖尋求像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性、有序、系統(tǒng)和客觀的方式研究人類及其行為。

43.重視收集第一手資料，結(jié)合在分析古今的文化現(xiàn)象時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門獨(dú)一無(wú)二并且極為重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。

44.泰勒把文化定義為“……一個(gè)復(fù)合整體，（它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其他能力和習(xí)慣?！?/p>

45.因此，人類學(xué)中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣，是一個(gè)抽象概念，它使大量的具體研究和理解成為可能。

3.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點(diǎn)是在疾病過(guò)程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒(méi)有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對(duì)癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對(duì)日常生活影響最大，所以B選項(xiàng)“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存活率”，C選項(xiàng)“壽命”和D選項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國(guó)一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時(shí)，我們無(wú)意中低估了對(duì)姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國(guó)家需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來(lái)，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項(xiàng)“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒(méi)有說(shuō)姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項(xiàng)“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，國(guó)家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)主題很無(wú)聊”：文章沒(méi)有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險(xiǎn)范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗仁谷藗冊(cè)谥委熀团R終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項(xiàng)“不允許病人同時(shí)尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項(xiàng)“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實(shí)的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個(gè)月的患者”和D選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長(zhǎng)病人的預(yù)期壽命時(shí)，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的，只有在患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長(zhǎng)生命的治療。），這里說(shuō)的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的時(shí)候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時(shí)不以延長(zhǎng)壽命為目的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對(duì)臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項(xiàng)“熟練和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對(duì)疾病早期，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項(xiàng)“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒(méi)有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國(guó)家對(duì)此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對(duì)減輕患者痛苦的保險(xiǎn)情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強(qiáng)調(diào)推動(dòng)姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項(xiàng)“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項(xiàng)“改善美國(guó)的癌癥研究”，B選項(xiàng)“改革癌癥患者的保險(xiǎn)范圍”和C選項(xiàng)“了解癌癥治療和護(hù)理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onconditionof“只要”；B選項(xiàng)inlinewith“符合”；C選項(xiàng)atoddswith“與……不一致”；D選項(xiàng)indisguiseof“托辭，假扮成，打著……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行為有時(shí)_______他的個(gè)性的害羞和自覺(jué)意識(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指他的暴力行為不會(huì)讓人想到他會(huì)害羞，所以atoddswith“與……不一致”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Beefcattle______ofalllivestockforeconomicgrowthinthecertaingeographicregions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.themostareimportant

B.arethemostimportant

C.isthemostimportant

D.thataremostimportant

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：在某些地區(qū)，肉牛是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)最重要的牲畜。根據(jù)題目和選項(xiàng)確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用be動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)cattle是集合名詞確定用復(fù)數(shù)形式；根據(jù)形容詞最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)為themost+adj.確定用themostimportant，所以B選項(xiàng)arethemostimportant符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

“Doyouwanttosee______myIDcardormydriver’slicense?”“Eitherwilldo.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.every

B.each

C.either

D.both

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)every“每個(gè)”；B選項(xiàng)each“各個(gè)”；C選項(xiàng)either“（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)”，either…or“是……還是……”；D選項(xiàng)both“兩者”，both…and“兩個(gè)都”。句意：你要看我的身份證還是駕駛執(zhí)照？隨便哪一個(gè)都行。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里問(wèn)的是要看身份證還是駕駛證，結(jié)合后面or，either…or符合語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)either“（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______hegaveupthespeech.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atalossforaword

B.Whileatalossforaword

C.Whenatalossforaword

D.Ifatalossforaword

【答案】A

【解析】考查原因狀語(yǔ)。句意：他想不出一個(gè)詞來(lái)，只好放棄演講。橫線部分是原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知橫線部分不是從句而是短語(yǔ)，句子還原成：Hegaveupthespeechatalossforaword.A選項(xiàng)Atalossforaword符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.Rotated180degreesonahorizontalaxissothatitisupsidedown,itdenotesthematernalessencethatissometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer.Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended.Thatwordiswow.

TheauthorisDanBrown(anameyouwillwanttoremember).Inthisgleefullyeruditesuspensenovel,Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre.(Thisisthekindofbookthatnoticesthatthisonegallery’slengthisthreetimesthatoftheWashingtonMonument.)ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.That’ssceneleavinglittledoubtthattheauthorknowshowtopiqueinterest,asthecurator,JacquesSauniere,fightsforhislife.

Desperatelyseizingthepaintinginordertoactivatethemuseum’salarmsystem,Saunieresucceedsinbuyingsometime.Andheusesthesestolenmoments?Whicharehislast?Totakeoffhisclothes,drawacircleandarrangehimselflikethefigureinLeonardo’smostfamousdrawing,“TheVitruvianMan.”AndtoleavebehindananagramandFibonacci’sfamousnumericalseriesasclues.

Whateverthisisabout,itisenoughtosummonLangdon,whobynow,heblushestorecall,hasbeendescribedinanadoringmagazinearticleas“HarrisonFordinHarristweed.”Langdon’slatestmanuscript,which“proposedsomeveryunconventionalinterpretationsofestablishedreligiousiconographywhichwouldcertainlybecontroversial,”isdefinitelygermane.

AlsosoononthesceneisthecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes:“Unlikethecookie-cutterblondesthatadornedHarvarddormroomwalls,thiswomanwashealthywithanunembellishedbeautyandgenuinenessthatradiatedastrikingpersonalconfidence.”EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.

Thebookmovesatabreakneckpace,withtheauthorseemingthoroughlytoenjoyhiscontrivances.Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.AndSophieandLangdonaresentontherun,thebettertochurnupathrilleratmosphere.Totheircredit,theyevadetheirpursuersasingeniouslyastheydomosteverythingelse.

Whenbeingfollowedviaaglobalpositioningsystem,forinstance,itissmarttosendthesensorflyingouta40-footwindowandleadpursuerstothinkyouhavedonethesame.Somehowthebookmanagestoreconcilesuchderring-dowithremarkslike.“Anddidyouknowthatifyoudividethenumberoffemalebeesbythenumberofmalebeesinanybeehiveintheworld,youalwaysgetthesamenumber?”

“TheDaVinciCode”isbreezyenougheventomakefunofitscharacters’owncleverness.AtonepointLangdonisaskedbyhishostwhetherhehashiddenasought—aftertreasurecarefullyenough.“Actually,”Langdonsays,unabletohidehisgrin,“thatdependsonhowoftenyoudustunderyourcouch.”

21.Whydoestheauthorusetheword“wow”todescribethenovelTheDaVinciCode?

22.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

23.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHarryPotterisallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

24.ThemajorfactorthatcontributestothesuccessofTheDaVinciCodeis________.

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“TheDaVinceCode”is________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethewordreadsthesamebackwards.

B.Becauseitisalsolinkedtothesportoffootball.

C.Becausethenovelisimbuedwithperplexingenigmasandsmartlywrought.

D.Becausethenovelisabestseller.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DanBrown,authorof“TheDaVinciCode”haspublishedsofarfournovels.

B.TheDaVinciCodebeginswithamysteriousmurdercaseintheGalleryofLouvre.

C.Inhisearliernovels,DanBrownhascreatedcharacterslikeSpohieNeveu.

D.TheDaVinciCodewinsthepopularityamongwomenbecauseDanBrownisaferventfeminist.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisalsoabestselleraroundtheworld

B.itattractsreaderswithheart-throbbingsuspense

C.itischaracterizedbyhoaxandunreliableplots

D.ithasachievedimmensepopularitywithreaders

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theengrossingprologue

B.thedepictionofthefemaleprotagonistSophieNeveu

C.thebreakneckpaceandacliffhangerattheendofalmosteverychapter

D.thecolorfuldescriptionoftheclevernessofthecharacters

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.indifferent

C.affirmative

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)thisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended（這本推理懸疑小說(shuō)值得推薦，它充滿謎題和破解密碼，令人興奮），可知這部小說(shuō)寫得很精彩，所以C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@部小說(shuō)充滿了令人費(fèi)解的謎題，構(gòu)思巧妙的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞倒著讀也是一樣的”和B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗才c足球運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.（“達(dá)芬奇密碼”是一種少見(jiàn)的可逆回文。），和第二句sometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer（有時(shí)與足球運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起），可知是在解釋達(dá)芬奇密碼這個(gè)名詞而非小說(shuō)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@本小說(shuō)是一本暢銷書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句fine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection（并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了微調(diào)，使之達(dá)到了轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的完美境界），這里沒(méi)有表示小說(shuō)賣得好，其他地方也沒(méi)有提到小說(shuō)的銷量，故錯(cuò)誤。

因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.（即使他設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)故事不是為了尋找丟失的神圣女性本質(zhì)，女性們也會(huì)特別喜歡布朗先生。），可知丹?布朗不是女性主義者，D選項(xiàng)“《達(dá)?芬奇密碼》在女性中廣受歡迎，因?yàn)榈?布朗是一個(gè)狂熱的女權(quán)主義者”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故正確。A選項(xiàng)“丹?布朗，《達(dá)芬奇密碼》的作者，迄今為止已經(jīng)出版了四部小說(shuō)”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.（布朗采用了他在早期三部小說(shuō)中發(fā)展起來(lái)的形式）可知布朗已經(jīng)出版了四部小說(shuō)，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“《達(dá)芬奇密碼》始于盧浮宮的一樁神秘的兇殺案”：根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre…ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.（以這本新書的序言為例，故事發(fā)生在盧浮宮的大畫廊……一名來(lái)自卡拉瓦喬的人、一名白化病僧人和一名館長(zhǎng)卷入了一場(chǎng)殊死搏斗。），可知在小說(shuō)開(kāi)頭講的是兇殺案，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在他早期的小說(shuō)中，丹?布朗創(chuàng)造了像索菲?奈芙這樣的人物”：根據(jù)第五段第一句thecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes（索菲?奈芙，由作者早期作品的原型而來(lái)），可知丹?布朗在早期創(chuàng)造了跟索菲?奈芙很像的人物，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問(wèn)世以來(lái)，還沒(méi)有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），可知《哈利?波特》通過(guò)跌宕起伏和充滿懸疑的情節(jié)吸引讀者，B選項(xiàng)“它以讓人心跳加速的懸念吸引讀者”符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它的特點(diǎn)是騙局和不可靠的陰謀”不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“這本書在世界各地都很暢銷”和D選項(xiàng)“它在讀者中獲得了巨大的人氣”：作者為了讓讀者理解自己的意思，一定會(huì)選擇大家耳熟能詳?shù)睦樱茢唷豆?波特》暢銷并且受歡迎，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問(wèn)世以來(lái)，還沒(méi)有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），作者點(diǎn)出這本書受歡迎的獨(dú)特之處，第六段第二句Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.（幾乎每一章都以懸念結(jié)尾：這并不容易，考慮到要完成的普通的拍攝數(shù)量。），結(jié)合文章運(yùn)用大量筆墨表達(dá)《達(dá)芬奇密碼》充滿懸疑，所以C選項(xiàng)“幾乎每一章結(jié)尾的驚險(xiǎn)節(jié)奏和扣人心弦的情節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“引人入勝的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”，B選項(xiàng)“女主人公索菲?奈芙的描寫”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人物聰明才智的生動(dòng)描述”：不是《達(dá)芬奇密碼》最獨(dú)特的地方，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thatwordiswow.（這個(gè)詞就是哇。），可知作者對(duì)小說(shuō)的態(tài)度是C選項(xiàng)“肯定”。A選項(xiàng)“批判”，B選項(xiàng)“冷淡”和D選項(xiàng)“諷刺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C選項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)convincing“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：可以想象，這位州長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)真正的解決預(yù)算困境的辦法，但她可能會(huì)被誘導(dǎo)去搞一場(chǎng)騙局：一個(gè)_______的財(cái)政審慎行動(dòng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，specious“似是而非的；華而不實(shí)的”搭配deception“騙局”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：他寫下了地址，以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)incase“以免”，不加not；B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”；C選項(xiàng)inorderthat“以便”；D選項(xiàng)fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語(yǔ)法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語(yǔ)法正確性，B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：太陽(yáng)不僅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由氣體物質(zhì)組成。根據(jù)題目和選項(xiàng)確定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒裝，notonly放在句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為notonly+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他，C選項(xiàng)isthesun選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”？

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.（然而，在認(rèn)知方面，人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜：緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點(diǎn)后，勝利出現(xiàn)。），可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?，最終卻能勝利，所以B選項(xiàng)“他們一開(kāi)始落后，然后慢慢地趕上來(lái)了”正確，D選項(xiàng)“他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“他們能掌控自己”和C選項(xiàng)“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.（和高貴的烏龜不同，嬰兒是無(wú)助的，更確切地說(shuō)，是絕望的。即使他們嘗試，他們也學(xué)不到獨(dú)立生存所必需的基本技能。），可知人類嬰兒無(wú)助是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項(xiàng)“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”：根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!（但是，如果說(shuō)有什么不同的話，那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹！），這里是說(shuō)人和貓的不同，而不是解釋為什么人類嬰兒無(wú)助，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們不像烏龜那樣固執(zhí)”和D選項(xiàng)“他們不像其他物種的嬰兒一樣快速學(xué)習(xí)”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,