過(guò)程失效模式及后果分析中英文

ProcessFailureModeand

EffectsAnalysis

過(guò)程失效模式及后果分析(PFMEA)

PFMEA

PFMEA陶國(guó)ProprietaryInformation專專有信息息YourFMEA((ControlPlan,ProcessCapability,etc..)maybeconsideredproprietaryandshouldnotbesharedwithanyoneoutsidethedivisionwithoutfirstconsultingyourmanagement.FMEA(控控制計(jì)劃劃、過(guò)程程能力等等)可可視為專專有信息息，在未未事先征征得管管理部門門同意之之前，不不得向部部門以外外的任何何人透露露。thisincludesthesharingofinformationwithyourcustomer也不得向向顧客透透露有關(guān)關(guān)信息。。FormsandFormats形形式和格格式Y(jié)ourcustomermighthaveaspecificformatorformthattheyrequire.Ifso,youwillneedtogettheirwrittenapprovaltouseanalternateformat.顧客可能能要求特特定的格格式或表表單。如如果是這這樣，你你只有征征得他們們的書面面同意，，才能采采用其它它格式。。ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEAananalyticaltoolusedbyaprocessdesignteamtoidentifypotentialproductfailurescausedbyfailureofthemanufacturingandassemblyprocesstomeetrequirements,,andidentifycorrectiveactionstobetaken是過(guò)程設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)小組組采用的的一種分分析方法法，用于于識(shí)別由由于制造造或裝配配過(guò)程的的失效而而導(dǎo)致的的潛在產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品失效效模式，，并確定定所應(yīng)采采取的糾糾正措施施。formalprocess正式程序序customerfocused著眼于顧顧客usesengineeringjudgment,andharddatawhereitisavailable利用工程程經(jīng)驗(yàn)判判斷和可可靠的數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEAPFMEAisfocussedontheProductPFMEA關(guān)關(guān)注對(duì)產(chǎn)品的影響ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEAProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟WhendowedoaPFMEA??

何時(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行PFMEA？Whilethereisstilltimetobringaboutchangesintheprocessandintheproduct!當(dāng)還有時(shí)時(shí)間修改改產(chǎn)品及及工藝設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)！！APFMEAdonesolelytofilloutaformandmeet““requirements”isjustanexercise為了滿足足QS9000要求而而填寫PFMEA表格格，僅是是練習(xí)而而已PFMEAisanoutputofthe"ProcessDesignandDevelopment""phaseofAPQP

PFMEA是APQP中“過(guò)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)發(fā)”階段段的產(chǎn)物物WhendowedoaPFMEA??

何時(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行PFMEA？ItisderivedfromaDFMEA在DFMEA之后進(jìn)行行AnyDFMEAformsandsupportingdocumentsshoudbebroughttothePFMEAmeetingsDFMEA表單和所所有相關(guān)關(guān)文件都都應(yīng)帶入入PFMEAItshouldbeanaturalpartofconceptdevelopment應(yīng)成為過(guò)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)的一個(gè)個(gè)必要組組成部分分PFMEAisnever““finished””.itisalivingdocument是動(dòng)態(tài)文文件WhendowedoaPFMEA??

何時(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行PFMEA？DoaPFMEA(oratleastreviewtheoldone))if:以下情況況需進(jìn)行行PFMEA(或至少評(píng)評(píng)審過(guò)去去的PFMEA)：theprocessisnew是新的過(guò)過(guò)程theproductisnew,,orhasneverbeenmadewiththisprocess新產(chǎn)品，，或從未未用本過(guò)過(guò)程加工工的產(chǎn)品品anexistingprocesschanges原有的過(guò)過(guò)程發(fā)生生變化customerrequirementsordesireschange顧客要求求或希望望發(fā)生變變化WhendowedoaPFMEA??

何時(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行PFMEA？DoaPFMEA(oratleastreviewtheoldone))if:以下情況況需進(jìn)行行PFMEA((或至少少評(píng)審過(guò)過(guò)去的PFMEA)：：thecompetitive,,business,orlegalenvironmentchanges競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境境、業(yè)務(wù)務(wù)環(huán)境或或法律環(huán)環(huán)境發(fā)生生變化PPAPconditionsapply需提交PPAPactualfailuresoccur發(fā)生實(shí)際際失效WhendowedoaPFMEA??

何時(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行PFMFA？ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟WhoperformsaPFMEA?由由誰(shuí)進(jìn)進(jìn)行PFMEA？Across-functionalteamshouldbeused由跨部門門小組進(jìn)進(jìn)行Theleadershouldbetheprocess-responsibleengineer小組組長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)是過(guò)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)責(zé)任工工程師Cross-FunctionalTeam跨跨部門門小組5-9peoplefrom，，5-9人，由由從事如如下工作作的人員員組成Design，，設(shè)計(jì)Assembly，裝裝配manufacturing(operators,,supervisors)，制制造((操作工工，班組組長(zhǎng))Industrial,mfg..Andtoolengineering，工業(yè)業(yè)工程，，工藝及及工裝設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)quality，質(zhì)量量管理materialsengineering，，材料工工程Servicepersonnel，機(jī)機(jī)修Supplierofproductandmachinery，，零件和和設(shè)備供供應(yīng)商Representativesfromthenextprocess,后后續(xù)工工序代表表ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟HowdowedoaPFMEA?ASummary怎怎樣進(jìn)進(jìn)行PFMEA？提要要Assemblethecross--functionalPFMEAteam組建跨部部門PFMEA小組Listthefailuremodes,theireffects,andtheircauses列出失效效模式，，后果以以及原因因Assess，， 評(píng)估估theseverityoftheeffect((S)后果的嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重程度度thelikelihoodofthecauses(O)原因出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)的可能能性andtheabilityofprocesscontrolstodetectfailuremodesand//ortheircauses(D)過(guò)程控制制探測(cè)失失效模式式和/或或原因的的能力HowdowedoaPFMEA?ASummary怎怎樣進(jìn)進(jìn)行PFMEA？提要要Calculatetheriskprioritynumber(RPN))toprioritizecorrectiveactions計(jì)算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)順序數(shù)數(shù)(RPN)以確定應(yīng)應(yīng)優(yōu)先采采取的糾糾正措施施Plancorrectiveactionsandassignowner制訂糾正正措施并并落實(shí)責(zé)責(zé)任人Performcorrectiveactionstoimprovetheproductorprocess,,采取糾正正措施以以提高產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品和過(guò)過(guò)程質(zhì)量量RecalculateRPN重新估算算RPNHowdowedoaPFMEA?ASummary怎怎樣進(jìn)進(jìn)行PFMEA？提要要HowdowedoaPFMEA?ASuggestion

怎樣樣進(jìn)行PFMEA？建建議Doyourworkonscratchpaperfirst;astheteamreachesconsensus,recordtheinformationontheFMEAform先在一張張草稿紙紙上進(jìn)行行分析；；當(dāng)小組組達(dá)成一一致意見(jiàn)見(jiàn)后，再再將有關(guān)關(guān)信息填填在FMEA表表上usefishboneandtreediagramsliberally充分利用用魚刺圖圖和樹形形圖tryingtousetheFMEAformasaworksheetleadstoconfusionandmessed--upFMEAs若將FMEA表表當(dāng)做工工作單使使用，就就會(huì)造成成混亂，，使FMEA一一塌糊涂涂ProcessFMEA過(guò)過(guò)程FMEA何謂PFMEA何時(shí)作PFMEA何人作PFMEA如何作PFMEA16步工作步步驟1.Assembleateamandplanyouractivities成成立小小組并制制訂計(jì)劃劃PFMEAmustneverbedonebyanindividual,because絕不能由由個(gè)人單單獨(dú)進(jìn)行行PFMEA，，因?yàn)椋海篿ndividualeffortsproducebiasedresults,由個(gè)人進(jìn)進(jìn)行會(huì)使使結(jié)果出出現(xiàn)偏差差anyactionswillrequirebuy-infromvariousgroups進(jìn)行任何何活動(dòng)，，都需要要從不同同的組織織取得信信息Oneperson(e.g..theleader))shouldbeassignedtomaintainingtheFMEAform應(yīng)指定一一個(gè)人((如組長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng))保管管FMEA表格格BesuretowritethenamesandfunctionsoftheteammembersontheFMEAform應(yīng)將小組組成員的的姓名和和職責(zé)填填入FMEA表表格1.Assembleateamandplanyouractivities成成立小小組并制制訂計(jì)劃劃2.Developaprocessflowdiagram繪繪制過(guò)程程流程圖圖UsetheProcessFlowDiagramformat運(yùn)用正規(guī)規(guī)的過(guò)程程流程圖圖identifiesfabricate,move,storeandinspectoperations辨別四種種作業(yè)類類型identifiesKeyCharacteristics辨別關(guān)鍵鍵特性

Supplier_____________________Date____________________PartNumber_________________RevisionLevel________PartDescription_____________Preparedby____________pressuremoldpartfabmovestoreinspstepoper.descr.item#KPCitem#KCCinspectpartforflashstorepartincontainercarrypartstoassyarea1noflash112342.Developaprocessflowdiagram繪繪制過(guò)程程流程圖圖過(guò)程流程程圖moldpart注塑零部件fab加工move搬運(yùn)store存放insp檢驗(yàn)step步驟oper.descr.作業(yè)說(shuō)明item#編號(hào)KPCitem#編號(hào)KCCinspectpartforflash檢驗(yàn)零件有無(wú)飛邊storepartincontainer將零部件放入周轉(zhuǎn)箱內(nèi)carrypartstoassyarea將零部件送往裝配區(qū)1noflash無(wú)飛邊pressure壓力112343.Listthefunction((s)ofeachoperation

列出出每個(gè)操操作的功功能Afunctioniswhattheoperationdoes功能系指指該操作作所起的的作用Statethefunctionas，，說(shuō)明明功能為為：Verb+Object+Qualifier動(dòng)詞+賓賓語(yǔ)+修修飾詞moldpart，，零件成成型crimpterminalontocable在線端壓壓接端子子formbendinpart,零零件彎彎曲成型型examples例如Don''tforgetauxiliaryfunctionsaswellaprimaryfunctions基本功能能和輔助助功能都都要考慮慮3.Listthefunction((s)ofeachoperation

列出出每個(gè)操操作的功功能4.Listthequalityrequirements

列出出質(zhì)量要要求acustomerwantordesire顧客的希希望或要要求couldseriouslyaffectcustomerperception有可能嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重影響響顧客的的看法couldleadtoacustomercomplaint有可能導(dǎo)導(dǎo)致顧客客投訴5.Listthepotentialprocessfailuremodes列列出可能能的過(guò)程程失效模模式adefect,flaw,orotherunsatisfactoryconditionintheproductthatoccurswhentheprocessfailstomeettheprocessrequirements由于過(guò)程程未達(dá)到到要求而而導(dǎo)致的的產(chǎn)品缺缺陷、瑕瑕疵等不不良狀態(tài)態(tài)failuremodesshouldbewrittenintermsoftheconditionoftheproduct失效模式式體現(xiàn)在在產(chǎn)品上上TypicalFailureModes，，幾種典典型失效效模式diameteroutofspec..，直徑徑超差missingseal，，漏裝密密封墊cutstrands，切切破線皮皮misorientedpart，部件件方向錯(cuò)錯(cuò)insufficientsolder，焊劑劑不足toomuchsolder，，焊劑過(guò)過(guò)量NFO，，未充滿滿Flash，飛飛邊5.Listthepotentialprocessfailuremodes列列出可能能的過(guò)程程失效模模式Note，注Assumethatincomingproductandmaterialsarecorrect假設(shè)來(lái)料料沒(méi)問(wèn)題題Assumethattheproductasdesignedwillmeetrequirements假設(shè)產(chǎn)品品設(shè)計(jì)能能夠滿足足客戶需需求5.Listthepotentialprocessfailuremodes列列出可能能的過(guò)程程失效模模式6.Derivethepotentialeffectsofeachfailure列列出每一一失效模模式的所所有可能能后果Theramificationsoffailure后果是失失效模式式的衍生生事件Theeffectcanbeon，，可能影影響theultimatecustomer，，最終用用戶orintermediatecustomer((OEM,etc.)，，中間用用戶agovernmentregulation，，法規(guī)thenextprocessstep，，下序Customercomplaintsareausefulsourceofinformation顧客抱怨怨是非常常有用的的信息來(lái)來(lái)源6.Derivethepotentialeffectsofeachfailure列列出每一一失效模模式的所所有可能能后果Aneffectcanbe，后果果可能為為completelossoffunction，功能能完全喪喪失degradationofperformanceorquality，質(zhì)量量或性能能降低damageofprocessequipment，，設(shè)備受受損injurytoanoperator，，員工受受傷shut-downofanassemblyline，停停線6.Derivethepotentialeffectsofeachfailure列列出每一一失效模模式的所所有可能能后果Effectsoffailureoftenshowupasachainofevents,fromimmediateeffecttotheultimateeffectonthecustomer，失效效的后果果通常表表現(xiàn)為從從對(duì)顧客客的直接接影響到到最終影影響等一一系列連連鎖反應(yīng)應(yīng)ItisrecommendedthatthesechainsbedevelopedforeachfailuremodeandrecordedontheFMEAform建議針對(duì)對(duì)每一種種失效模模式找出出這些連連鎖反應(yīng)應(yīng)，并記記錄在FMEA表上useatreediagram運(yùn)用樹形形圖6.Derivethepotentialeffectsofeachfailure列列出每一一失效模模式的所所有可能能后果Effectsontheprocess，對(duì)過(guò)過(guò)程的影影響:9-10 mayendangermachineoroperator，可可能能導(dǎo)致設(shè)設(shè)備或人人員受損損6-8scrap，報(bào)廢廢4-5sortandrework，檢檢驗(yàn)、返返工2-3reworkon-line，線上上返工1noeffect，，無(wú)影響響consideralsotheeffectsonthecustomer還要考慮慮對(duì)顧客客的影響響7.Assesstheseverityofeacheffect評(píng)評(píng)估每每種后果果的嚴(yán)重重度Criteria:SeverityofEffect

Thisrankingresultswhenapotentialfailuremoderesultsinafinalcustomerand/oramanufacturing/assemblyplantdefect.Thefinalcustomershouldalwaysbeconsideredfirst.Ifbothoccur,usethehigherofthetwosev

Hazardous-withoutwarning10Veryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolvesnoncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithoutwarning.Ormayendangeroperator(machineorassembly)withoutwarning.

Hazardous-withwarning9Veryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolvesnoncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithwarning.Ormayendangeroperator(machineorassembly)withwarning.

VeryHigh8Vehicle/iteminoperable(lossofprimaryfunction).Or100%ofproductmayhavetobescrapped,orvehicle/itemrepairedinrepairdepartmentwitharepairtimegreaterthanonehour.

High7Vehicle/itemoperablebutatareducedlevelofperformance.Customerverydissatisfied.Orproductmayhavetobesortedandaportion(lessthan100%)scrapped,orvehicle/itemrepairedinrepairdepartmentwitharepairtimebetweenahalf-hourandanonehour.

Moderate6Vehicle/itemoperablebutComfort/Convenienceitem(s)inoperable.Customerdissatisfied.Oraportion(lessthan100%)oftheproductmayhavetobescrappedwithnosorting,orvehicle/itemrepairedinrepairdepartmentwitharepairtimelessthanahalf-hour.

Low5Vehicle/itemoperablebutComfort/Convenienceitem(s)operableatreducedlevelofperformance.Or100%ofproductmayhavetobereworked,orvehicle/itemrepairedoff-linebutdoesnotgotorepairdepartment.

VeryLow4Fit&Finish/Squeak&Rattleitemdoesnotconform.Defectnoticedbymostcustomers(greaterthan75%).Ortheproductmayhavetobesorted,withnoscrap,andaportion(lessthan100%)reworked.

Minor3Fit&Finish/Squeak&Rattleitemdoesnotconform.Defectnoticedby50%ofcustomers.Oraportion(lessthan100%)oftheproductmayhavetobereworked,withnoscrap,on-linebutout-of-station.

VeryMinor2Fit&Finish/Squeak&Rattleitemdoesnotconform.Defectnoticedbydiscriminatingcustomers(lessthan25%).Oraportion(lessthan100%)oftheproductmayhavetobereworked,withnoscrap,on-linebutin-station.

None1Nodiscernibleeffect.Orslightincoveniencetooperationoroperator,ornoeffect.8.Determinepotentialcause(s)ofeachfailuremode確確定每每一失效效模式的的可能原原因Acauseoffailureishowthefailurecanoccurintheprocess，失失效原因因：過(guò)程程為何會(huì)會(huì)失效Shouldbewrittenintermsofsomethingintheprocessthatcanbecorrectedandcontrolled，應(yīng)表述述為可糾正或或可控制制的因素Considerhumanerror,wear-outoftools,,ambientconditions,andinteractionsoffactors，如人人的過(guò)失失，工裝裝磨損、、環(huán)境條條件以及及因素間間的相互互作用Causesoffailureoftenshowupasachainofevents,fromimmediatecausetorootcause失效通常常是由一一連串的的原因造造成的，，從直接接原因到到根本原原因ItisrecommendedthatthesechainsbedevelopedforeachfailuremodeandrecordedontheFMEAform建議針對(duì)對(duì)每一種種失效模模式，找找出原因因鏈，記記入FMEA表表useatreeorfishbonediagramtodevelop可利用樹樹形圖或或魚刺圖圖8.Cause(s)ofFailure

失效效原因9.Assessthelikelihoodofoccurrenceofeachcause評(píng)評(píng)估每每種失效效原因產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的可可能性Usehistoricaldata(asabaseline)，，利用歷歷史資料料Takeimprovementsintoaccount，，并考慮慮所作的的改進(jìn)

Usestatisticalmodelsandcomparisonwithsimilarprocesses利利用可靠靠性模型型，與類類似的過(guò)過(guò)程進(jìn)行行比較9-10 Failurealmostinevitable，，失效幾幾乎不可可避免7-8Similarprocessesthathaveoftenfailedinthepast，，以前類類似過(guò)程程常常失失效4-6Similarprocessesthathaveoccasionalfailures，類似似過(guò)程偶偶爾失效效1-3Similarprocessesthathaveexperiencedisolatedfailures，類類似過(guò)程程僅有過(guò)過(guò)個(gè)別失失效9.Assessthelikelihoodofoccurrenceofeachcause評(píng)評(píng)估每每種失效效原因產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的可可能性O(shè)ccurence(O)ProbabilityLikelyFailureRates*VeryHigh:

PersistentFailures>=100per

thousandpiecesVeryHigh:

PersistentFailures50perthousandpiecesHigh:

FrequentFailures20perthousandpiecesHigh:

FrequentFailures10perthousandpiecesModerate:

OccasionalFailures5perthousandpiecesModerate:

OccasionalFailures2perthousandpiecesModerate:

OccasionalFailures1perthousandpiecesLow:Relatively

FewFailures0.5perthousandpiecesLow:Relatively

FewFailures0.1perthousandpiecesRemote:Failure

isUnlikely<=0.010perthousandpieces10987654321CausesandEffectsHarnessClampCause-and--effectchainradiusoutofspectoolisworntoolnotreplacedlackofmaintenanceprocedureclampcracksatbendbundlefallsoutrattlingnoiseCAUSEchainEFFECTchainCausesandEffectsWiringAssemblyEffectsTreeCrossedWireNofunctionFireinPlantOperatorInjuryDamagedEquip.MustrepairvehicleCausesandEffectsWiringAssemblyCausesTreeCrossedWireBoardErrorOperatorErrorPoorInstruct.NottrainedOperistired10.ListtheCurrentProcessControls

列出出現(xiàn)有過(guò)過(guò)程控制制Processcontrolscatchthedefectbeforetheproductreachesthecustomer，過(guò)程程控制當(dāng)當(dāng)在產(chǎn)品品到達(dá)顧顧客前發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷陷!TherearethreeTypesofprocesscontrols,過(guò)過(guò)程控制制有三種種類型::(1)preventthecauseoffailure,,orreducetherateofoccurrence，防止止原因出出現(xiàn)或降降低其出出現(xiàn)的可可能性(2)detectthecause((s)offailureandleadtocorrectiveactions，，查明失失效的原原因并找找出糾正正措施(3)detectthefailuremode(s))，檢測(cè)測(cè)失效模模式Assigncurrentlyusedprocesscontrolstofailuremodesandcauses，針針對(duì)失效效模式或或原因列列出現(xiàn)行行的過(guò)程程控制手手段Usedonsimilarprocessesinthepast，以前前類似過(guò)過(guò)程如何何控制CanbeofanyType::1,2,or3,oranycombination，，可以是是1、2、3類類或其組組合Type1controlsaffectthelikelihoodofoccurrence,,ifalreadypartofthedesign，若設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)中已已有體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)，則第第1類方方法可降降低原因因出現(xiàn)的的頻度Ifnone,write““None”，，若沒(méi)沒(méi)有，則則填“無(wú)無(wú)”。10.ListtheCurrentProcessControls

列出出現(xiàn)有過(guò)過(guò)程控制制Detectionisanassessmentoftheprobabilitythat，探探測(cè)度為為下列事事件發(fā)生生的概率率atype2controlcandetectthecauseandleadtocorrectiveaction,第第2類控控制能夠夠發(fā)現(xiàn)原原因并找找到糾正正措施atype3controlcandetectafailure，第3類控制制能夠在在不良品品到達(dá)顧顧客前發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷陷...beforetheproductreachesthecustomer!!detectioncanalsoassesshoweffectivelyatype1controlcanpreventfailure，，第1類類控制能能夠預(yù)防防失效的的有效程程度11.Detectingfailure探測(cè)度11.Detectingfailure探測(cè)度DetectionRating(D)，探測(cè)度評(píng)評(píng)分(D)9-10veryremotechancethiscontrolwilldetectthecauseorfailure查明失效效或其原原因的可可能性極極小7-8remotechance，可能性很很小5-6moderatetolowchance，可能性不不大2-4moderatelytoveryhighchance，可能性性較大大1almostcertainly(ifthepartpassesthistest,,it'sOKtoship)幾乎都可可以查到到(如能通過(guò)過(guò)這項(xiàng)檢檢測(cè)，則則可放心心發(fā)發(fā)貨)Detection(D)CriteriaInspection

TypesSuggestedRangeofDetectionMethods

ABC

AlmostImpossibleAbsolutecertaintyofnon-detection.

XCannotdetectorisnotchecked.VeryRemoteControlswillprobablynotdetect.

XControlisachievedwithindirectorrandomchecksonly.RemoteControlshavepoorchanceofdetection.

XControlisachievedwithvisualchecksonly.VeryLowControlshavepoorchanceofdetection.

XControlisachievedwithdoublevisualinspectiononly.LowControlsmaydetect.

X

XControlisachievedwithchartingmethods,suchasSPC{StatisticalProcessControl}.ModerateControlsmaydetect.

X

Controlisbasedonvariablegaugingafterpartshaveleftthestation,orGo/NoGogaugingperformedon100%ofthepartsafterpartshaveleftthestation.ModeratelyHigh

Errordetectionisinsubsequentoperations,ORgaugingperformedonsetupandfirst-piececheck(forset-upcausesonly).Controlshaveagoodchancetodetect.XX

High

Errordetectionin-station,orerrordetectioninsubsequentoperationsbymultiplelayersofacceptance:supply,select,install,verify.Cannotacceptdescrepantpart.Controlshaveagoodchancetodetect.XX

VeryHighControlsalmostcertaintodetect.

X

X

Errordetectionin-station(automaticgaugingwithautomaticstopfeature).Cannotpassdiscrepantpart.VeryHighControlscertaintodetect.

X

Discrepantpartscannotbemadebecauseitemhasbeenerror-proofedbyprocess/productdesign.InspectionTypes:A.Error-proofed,B.Gauging,C.Manual