語法專題12虛擬語氣課件

1、語法專題十二虛擬語氣語法專題十二虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主要考查虛擬語氣的概念(表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實)及其用法。1條件狀語從句中的虛擬(1)條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實不一致時的句型：If主語過去時，主語should(could, would，或might)動詞原形。(2)條件從句與過去事實不一致時的句型：If主語had過去分詞，主語should(could, would，或might)have過去分詞。虛擬語氣主要考查虛擬語氣的概念(表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(3)條件從句與將來事實不一致時的句型：If主語過去時/should動詞原形/were to動詞原形，主語sho

2、uld(could, would，或might)動詞原形。(4)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都要遵守上述句型。(5)在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將were, had, should用于句首，引起倒裝。(3)條件從句與將來事實不一致時的句型：If主語過去時/2名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣(1)主語從句中的虛擬語氣。主要取決于某些形容詞和過去分詞，用來表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等。其形式為：(should)動詞原形。這樣用的形容詞有：appropriate適當?shù)?；advisable適

3、當?shù)?，合理的；better較好的；desirable理想的；essential精華的；imperative迫切的；important重要的；insistent堅持的；natural自然的；necessary必要的；preferable優(yōu)越的，較好的；strange奇怪的；urgent緊迫的；vital極其重要的，過去分詞有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。2名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣(2)表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從

4、句中謂語動詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為：(should)動詞原形。常這樣用的名詞有：resolution決心，決議pray懇求decision決議motion提議suggestion建議preference選擇proposal提議advice勸告recommendation推薦desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法。(2)表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣。在表示建議、命令、主(3)某些動詞后所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣，用來表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為：(should)動詞原形。常這樣用

5、的動詞有：ask要求advise勸告determine決定decide決定command命令insist堅持intend打算move提議prefer寧愿propose提議order命令recommend推薦request要求require要求suggest建議urge主張demand要求desire渴望direct命令等。(3)某些動詞后所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣，用來3虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句(1)Its time句型：當Its time后用that從句時應(yīng)該用should動詞原形，或用過去式。(2)If only引起的感嘆句相當于“How I wish賓語從句”

6、。(3)would rather, as if(though)引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時。(4)without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。3虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句(5)If it were not for./If it hadnt been for.(要不是因為)，其后面的主句也需使用虛擬。(6)wish后的賓語從句：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish主語動詞過去式或were表示對過去情況的虛擬：wish主語had過去分詞表示對將來情況的虛擬：wish

7、主語would動詞原形。(5)If it were not for./If it注意：在解虛擬語氣題時，應(yīng)注意下列問題：1弄清虛擬語氣的概念；2分清是虛擬語氣還是陳述語氣；3虛擬語氣在各種句式中的構(gòu)成；4看清混合條件句中表示時間的關(guān)鍵詞；5注意前后句的暗示，準確判斷屬哪種情形的虛擬語氣。 注意：在解虛擬語氣題時，應(yīng)注意下列問題：1.(2009浙江)The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldntD?？疾樘摂M語氣。recommend

8、, suggest, demand等詞后面的賓語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動詞用“shoulddo”， should可以省略。故這里選D項。1.(2009浙江)The doctor recommen2(2009天津)This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. shouldC. could D. mightB?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意：這種打印機質(zhì)量優(yōu)良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我們將無償維修。這是

9、在條件句中對將來情況的虛擬，用should動詞原形。2(2009天津)This printer is of 3(2009安徽)But for their help, we _ the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finishedD?？疾樘摂M語氣。but for相當于without，可以用if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句替換。由句意可知，這里表達的是與過去事實相反的情況，所以用could nothave done，表示“過去不可能做了某事”。3(2009安

10、徽)But for their help,4(2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have wonB?？疾樘摂M語氣。句中but for一詞給出了暗示：沒有英語老師的幫助，自己不會在英語寫作競賽中獲獎是對過去的虛擬，需用“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)，而D項邏輯錯誤。4(2009福建)But for the

11、help of5(2009海淀區(qū)期中)We _ last night, but we went to appreciate the flowerbeds and streetlights in Tians anmen Square instead.A. might study B. could studyC. should have studied D. must have studiedC?？疾樘摂M語氣。依據(jù)題干中的last night可知，A、B兩項錯誤，此處不是表猜測；而must have done表“一定做過某事”；should have done表“本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒做”。5(2

12、009海淀區(qū)期中)We _ last n6(2009泉州畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Mike, its a pity you didnt come to last nights concert. It was really great!Really? If I _ so busy, I would have gone with you.A. hadnt been B. werentC. shouldnt be D. wouldnt beA。根據(jù)語境可知，這是一個if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，在表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)時，從句要用過去完成時，故A項正確。6(2009泉州畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Mike, its a 7(2009濰

13、坊教學(xué)檢測)How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!A. shut B. have shutC. had shut D. would shutC。該題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟從句，從句要用虛擬語氣，因為后面是過去時，故此處表示與過去事實相反，要用過去完成時。7(2009濰坊教學(xué)檢測)How I wish I _8(2009東北三校聯(lián)合模擬)Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier.A. arrived B. have arrivedC. w

14、ould arrive D. would have arrivedD?？疾樘摂M語氣。答句句意為“我遇到交通堵塞了，否則我就可以早一點到”。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早點到達，因此此處是虛擬語氣，相當于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam, I would have arrived earlier.”。8(2009東北三校聯(lián)合模擬)Why are you 9(2009南昌調(diào)研)If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. didnt see B. havent s

15、eenC. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seenD?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意：如果你昨晚沒有熬夜看那部電影，那么(現(xiàn)在)你就不會這么困了。題干中的時間狀語last night暗示從句陳述的是與過去事實相反的情況，因此從句應(yīng)用過去完成時。9(2009南昌調(diào)研)If you _ tha10(2009南京調(diào)研)Dad, can I surf the Internet?Again? I wish that you _ going online _ your health.A. know; will do harm to B. knew; is doing harm toC. kno

16、w; have done harm to D. knew; were doing harm toB。本題中wish后的賓語從句通常用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。10(2009南京調(diào)研)Dad, can I surf11(2009南昌調(diào)研)If he _ his legs in the last training, he _ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.A. didnt hurt; would go in forB. hadnt hurt; would have taken part

17、 inC. hadnt hurt; would join inD. didnt hurt; would have taken part inC?？疾樘摂M語氣。in the last training暗示第一空是對過去的虛擬，從句應(yīng)該用過去完成時，又根據(jù)主句中the coming World Cup可知第二空表示對將來的虛擬，所以應(yīng)該用would動詞原形。11(2009南昌調(diào)研)If he _ his12(2009西安八校聯(lián)考)_ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.A. If I am no

18、t engaged B. Were I not engagedC. If I dont engage D. Didnt I engageB。由“I would be quite willing to do.”可知這個句子用了虛擬語氣，而且是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，條件句要用一般過去時，即：If I were not engaged in my present work，但是選項中沒有這樣的答案。這里考查省略了if的虛擬條件句，故正確答案為B。12(2009西安八校聯(lián)考)_ in my p13(2009東北三校聯(lián)合模擬)Where are you going to find a job after gra

19、duation?I dont know. But its about time _ for myself.A. Id provide B. I providedC. I provide D. Im providingB?？疾榫涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)。答句句意：我不知道，但該是我自己養(yǎng)活自己的時候了。Its(about) time (that).是虛擬語氣句式，意為“是時候了”，從句謂語動詞要用一般過去時。13(2009東北三校聯(lián)合模擬)Where are y14(2009濰坊)“It is strongly recommended，” added the firefighter during an inter

20、view on a fire accident in a threestar hotel, “that nobody _ back to your room to collect your belongings during a fire.”A. goes B. wentC. go D. will goC?？疾樘摂M語氣。recommend“勸告，建議”，其引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用“(should)動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。14(2009濰坊)“It is strongly re15(2009保定模擬)If only he _ himself and explained who he was, then, of

21、course I should have given him proper service.A. had introduced B. introducedC. has introduced D. have introducedA?？疾樘摂M語氣。if only后的從句用虛擬語氣，從后面主句用should have given可知，句子表示的是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故從句用過去完成時。15(2009保定模擬)If only he _16(2009西城抽樣)Time flies. Seven days have passed. I want to go back to my hometown.Yea

22、h! How fast time runs! But take your time; Id rather you _ here a little longer.A. had stayed B. are stayingC. should stay D. stayedD。考查虛擬語氣。would rather后跟從句時，從句要用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼鳎蔬xD項。16(2009西城抽樣)Time flies. Sev17(2009東城模擬)I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me.A. hadnt know

23、n B. didnt knowC. would have known D. havent knownB?？疾樘摂M語氣。I would have come earlier是假設(shè)，but后面表示過去的客觀事實，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時。17(2009東城模擬)I would have com18(2009安徽聯(lián)考)Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in NBA this year.Yes. They _ better but for the injuries.A. could have done B. can doC. couldnt

24、 have done D. cant doA?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意：要不是受傷的話，他們可能會打得更好。由前句“已經(jīng)打完了”確定，此處表示與過去事實相反，主句中應(yīng)用could have done。18(2009安徽聯(lián)考)Yao Ming and Yi19(2009吉林高三模擬)You wont believe what Jake did last night! He moved his bed by himself.You are kidding. He _ that. He could have broken his back.A. wouldnt have done B. mustnt ha

25、ve doneC. neednt have done D. shouldnt have doneD?？疾樘摂M語氣。Jake一個人搬動床，讓人感到很驚訝，“他有可能會傷著背的”，所以“他本不該這樣做的”，故選D項，should not have done sth.意思是“本不該做某事而實際做了”。19(2009吉林高三模擬)You wont bel20(2009山東期末考)_， he would have been fired.A. Had he lied to the bossB. Did he lie to the bossC. If he has lied to the bossD. If

26、 he lies to the bossA。本題考查虛擬語氣。從題干中的would have done可知是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故條件句要用過去完成時。A項是將if省略，將had提前。20(2009山東期末考)_， he woul21(2010安徽蕪湖調(diào)研)Oh, what a pity! It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, but Ive left them at home.A. would have been B. would beC. had been D. wasA?？疾樘摂M語氣

27、。句意：哦，多可惜??！對我而言把那些我想展示給你看的照片帶來該是件多么容易的事啊，但我把它們落在家里了?！癢hat a pity！”表示可惜，說明后面的事本可以做到；“Ive left them at home”暗示前面的事情是發(fā)生在過去的本可以做到的事，即與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故用would have done。21(2010安徽蕪湖調(diào)研)Oh, what a pit22(2009湖南聯(lián)考)Did you go to watch the basketball match last night?No. I didnt feel well but I would have gone if I

28、 _.A. were B. didC. should D. hadD?？疾樘摂M語氣。結(jié)合問句和答語的時態(tài)可知是對過去事實的虛擬，所以用過去完成時。補充完整是：.I would have gone if I had felt well.22(2009湖南聯(lián)考)Did you go to w23(2009青島質(zhì)檢)The leader, _ the rule unfair for women, suggested it _.A. finding; banned B. to find; bannedC. found; to be banned D. finding; be bannedD?？疾榉侵^語

29、動詞和suggest后接從句時使用虛擬語氣的用法。finding the rule unfair for women在句中充當原因狀語，suggested it后省略了should。23(2009青島質(zhì)檢)The leader, _24(2009青島質(zhì)檢)Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. could have made B. should have madeC. would make D.

30、must makeA?？疾樘摂M語氣。could have done表示“本來可以做，而實際上卻沒有做”。24(2009青島質(zhì)檢)Some women _25(2009濰坊質(zhì)檢二)_ this afternoon, you would have to come again next week.A. The boss didnt returnB. The boss were not to returnC. Were the boss not to returnD. Didnt the boss returnC。虛擬語氣及倒裝語序。由主句中的“would have to.next week”判斷，這

31、是對將來發(fā)生事情的虛擬，所以從句用“were to動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。把were放在句首，if可以省略。25(2009濰坊質(zhì)檢二)_ this aft26(2009日照一模)They are still discussing whether I _ to the meeting yesterday, which I think was not necessary at all.A. could come B. should have comeC. should come D. must have comeB。本題考查虛擬語氣。should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做而實際上沒有做”。句意：他

32、們現(xiàn)在還在討論我昨天是否應(yīng)該來開會，我認為這根本沒有必要。26(2009日照一模)They are still d27(2009福建質(zhì)檢)Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier.A. arrived B. had arrivedC. would arrive D. would have arrivedD?？疾樘摂M語氣。答話人的言外之意顯然是說假如沒有遇到交通堵塞，會來得更早一些。此句相當于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam, I would have ar

33、rived earlier.”是對過去情況的虛擬。27(2009福建質(zhì)檢)Why are you so 28(2009南昌調(diào)研)I hear your journey was not very pleasant.But for the sudden rain we _ a wonderful time.A. will have B. should have hadC. should have D. hadB?？疾樘摂M語氣。第二句的意思是“若不是因為突如其來的雨，我們本可以玩得很開心”。根據(jù)上一句可知是對過去情況的敘述，而but for經(jīng)常用于虛擬語氣中，所以是對過去事實的假設(shè)。28(2009南

34、昌調(diào)研)I hear your jou29(2009貴陽調(diào)研)Its suggested by the hotel management that radios _ after 10 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not to playC. not be played D. did not playC。考查虛擬語氣和語態(tài)。suggest表示“建議”時，其后面的從句一般用(should)動詞原形，結(jié)合從句的意思知此處應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。29(2009貴陽調(diào)研)Its suggested b30(2009石家莊質(zhì)檢)It is required that

35、the students _ mobile phones in their school, so seldom _ them using one.A. not use; will you seeB. should not use; you will seeC. dont use; will you seeD. not use; you will seeA?？疾樘摂M語氣和倒裝。前半句是虛擬語氣，即“require主語(should)do sth.”， not use前省略了should; seldom本身表示否定含義，位于句首時句子需要倒裝。30(2009石家莊質(zhì)檢)It is required

36、 31(2009南京調(diào)研)Congratulations.Thank you. But for your help, we _ in the experiment.A. will never succeedB. shouldnt have succeededC. couldnt have succeededD. mustnt have succeededC?？疾樘摂M語氣。But for your help是介詞短語表示虛擬條件，很明顯是與過去事實相反，主句意為：我們本來不能夠成功做成實驗的。31(2009南京調(diào)研)Congratulations32(2009山東威海)It is too lat

37、e to take the plane. We _ off earlier.A. must set B. should setC. may have set D. should have setD。should have done sth.表示“本來應(yīng)當做某事，但實際上并沒有做”。句意：太晚了，已趕不上這趟飛機了。我們應(yīng)當早點出發(fā)的。32(2009山東威海)It is too late t33(2009杭州質(zhì)檢)It is requested that every driver _ the safety belt while driving.A. wears B. wearC. should

38、have wear D. must wearB。request后面的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的形式，通常為should動詞原形，should常省略。33(2009杭州質(zhì)檢)It is requested 34(2009南通調(diào)研)I _ such a foolish mistake if I had been a little more careful.A. wouldnt make B. wouldnt have madeC. hadnt made D. didnt makeB?？疾樘摂M語氣。從句是過去完成時，主句要用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。34(2009南通調(diào)研)I _ such a 35(2009鄭州質(zhì)檢)I cant tell you anything about the new plan.But it is important that you _.A. helped B. would helpC. should help D. shall helpC。考查虛擬語氣。“it is/was形容詞that.should結(jié)構(gòu)”是虛擬語氣的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，類似“表示建議的”。35(2009鄭州質(zhì)檢)I cant tell yo36(2009西安八校聯(lián)考)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, o