2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號95

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題This problem should be discussed first for it takes（ ） over all the other issues.問題1選項A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項precedence“優(yōu)先，居先”；B選項prosperity“繁榮，成功”；C選項presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D

2、選項probability“可能性，機率”。句意：這個問題應該（ ）討論，因為它比其他問題都重要。本句表示的是“這個問題應該優(yōu)先討論”，因此A選項符合題意。2.翻譯題面對多變的經(jīng)濟形勢，我們主張要大力推動開放創(chuàng)新。國際金融危機爆發(fā)7年來的實踐證明，唯有同舟共濟，才能渡過難關。在相互依存的世界里，各國有權根據(jù)自己的國情制定經(jīng)濟政策，但是也應加強同其他國家的宏觀政策協(xié)調，擴大利益匯合點，實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。歐洲有諺語講：“面對變革之風，有人砌圍墻，有人轉風車。”我們倡導順勢而為，堅定不移推進自由貿易，旗幟鮮明反對保護主義，積極擴大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作，打造全球價值鏈，迎接新科技革命的到來。宏觀政策固然重要，但結

3、構性改革勢在必行，這是國際社會的共識。盡管難度很大，但也應該堅持去做，這樣才能形成全球創(chuàng)新合力，增強世界發(fā)展的新動能。【答案】In a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven year sago proves that to work in unity is the surest

4、 way for countries to get over the difficulties. We are all interdependent in this world. While we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests and achieve common development. A

5、n European proverb says, “when the wind of change blows, some build walls, while others build windmills.” We need to act along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. We need to build global value chains, a

6、nd seize the opportunity of a new technological revolution. While the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform.Structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is

7、 an effective way to foster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for global development.3.單選題There is a general（ ）that pouring old wine into the same bottles is the wrong way to go.問題1選項A.consensusB.censusC.neglectedD.negligible【答案】A【解析】考查。A選項consensus“一致，輿論，合意”；B選項

8、census“人口普查，人口調查”；C選項neglected“被忽視的，無人照管的”；D選項negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：人們_認為，把陳年的酒倒進同一個瓶子里是錯誤的做法。這里表達的意思是“人們都普遍（一致）認為”，因此A選項符合題意。4.單選題At the party we found that the shy girl（ ）her mother all the time.問題1選項A.depending onB.coinciding withC.adheringD.clinging to【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項depending on“取決于，根據(jù)”

9、；B選項coinciding with“符合，與一致”；C選項adhering“附著”；D選項clinging to“堅持，依靠，依附”。句意：在聚會上我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個害羞的女孩一直（ ）她的母親。通過判斷句意可以得知意思應該是“小女孩很害羞，所以一直挨著媽媽”，只有C選項可以表達這種具象的依靠，因此C選項符合題意。5.翻譯題Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior cit

10、izens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone. The newest crop of singles is high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as life style choices. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, while being togethe

11、r suggested warmth and light.【答案】以前獨自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們20多歲的專業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是上了年紀的婦女，構成了獨自生活人群的絕大多數(shù)；而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士，他們日益認為獨自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨自生活被認為是消極的黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。6.單選題Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airport.問題1選項A.resultedB.obligedC.demanded

12、D.recommended【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項resulted“結果；導致”，B選項obliged“迫使；強制；賜”，C選項demanded“強烈要求；需要”，D選項recommended“推薦，介紹；勸告”，根據(jù)題意可知：旅客們由于航班取消不得不在機場過夜，B選項oblige有“被迫；事實逼迫人不得不”的含義，因此B選項符合題意。7.單選題Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities

13、. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions. A broader application of the term includes any no hardware element of a computer system: programs, written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, and user manuals, for example. The latter use of the term is rare.Software is

14、now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Earl

15、y computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system. Users of medium to large scale computer system. Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested,

16、 and perfected by their own programmers.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the p

17、urchases or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software house). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software f

18、or microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturers began to market software produced by these software specialists with the systems. The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. Because of the ease with which users could dup

19、licate software, software prices remained high. Yet, these high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and competition have increased a quality of both programs and instructional materials.1.According to the passage, the most commonly used definition

20、 of software is（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?3.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers（ ）.4.Since the microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s,（ ）.5.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.問題1選項A.complicated information processing activitiesB.any no hardware element of a c

21、omputer systemC.a set of instructionsD.flow charts and user manuals問題2選項A.Now hardware manufacturers also develop and market software.B.Early computer users had no choice but to develop their own software.C.Software is now available for the microcomputer user even from bookstores.D.Early computer ma

22、nufacturers also developed and marketed software.問題3選項A.rely heavily on software developed by their customersB.used to include software with the system packageC.can make changes for software to meet customer needsD.sell their system packages at very low prices問題4選項A.commercial software publishers ha

23、ve gradually disappearedB.major hardware manufacturer began to develop their own softwareC.many companies stopped the development of software for large computersD.there have been numerous choices of software for microcomputer users問題5選項A.it will cost a great deal more for computer users to develop t

24、heir own software than buy itB.software prices remained high because it was not easy to develop any softwareC.it is very difficult for users to duplicate softwareD.software has long been of high quality due to experience and competition【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Referen

25、ces to software usually indicate a set of instructions.（對軟件的引用通常表示一組指令。）因此可以看出最常見的定義就是一組指令，C選項“一組指令”正確。A選項“復雜的信息處理活動”，在第一段的第一句Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities.（現(xiàn)代辦公技術需要軟件或程序來進行復雜的信息處理活動。）它并不是軟件的定義；B選項“計算機系統(tǒng)的任何非硬件元

26、素”和D選項“流程圖和用戶手冊”，在第一段A broader application of the term includes.for example. The latter use of the term is rare.（這個術語的更廣泛的應用包括計算機系統(tǒng)的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴隨程序的書面文檔、流程圖和用戶手冊。后一種用法很少見。）但是原文說了這一種用法很少見，因此錯誤。2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干選項關鍵詞定位到第三段第一句話Early computer users thought in terms of developing. form the computer system.（早

27、期計算機用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計算機制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計算機系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）因此B選項“早期的計算機用戶別無選擇，只能開發(fā)自己的軟件”是不正確的。A選項“現(xiàn)在硬件制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第二段的第一句Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed s

28、oftware).軟件現(xiàn)在可以從各種來源獲得：硬件制造商和供應商、軟件公司（開發(fā)和銷售軟件的公司）和職員程序員（用戶開發(fā)軟件）。A項正確；C選項“現(xiàn)在微機用戶甚至可以從書店買到軟件”，在第二段的第二句Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.（辦公用品店、電腦店，甚至書店都向微機市場出售打包的軟件。）C選項正確；D選項“早期的計算機制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第三段的第一句Early computer users

29、thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system.（早期計算機用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計算機制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計算機系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）可見之前的制造商也開發(fā)并銷售軟件，D選項正確。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干和選項關鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Large to m

30、edium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs.（大型到中型計算機制造商或供應商傳統(tǒng)上在系統(tǒng)包中包括軟件，有時提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）因此B選項“過去常常在系統(tǒng)包中包含軟件”正確。A選項“嚴重依賴客戶開發(fā)的軟件”，在倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句話Still

31、 rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.（仍然嚴重依賴由他們自己的程序員開發(fā)、測試和完善的程序。）依賴的是程序員開發(fā)的軟件而不是客戶；C選項“可以對軟件進行更改以滿足客戶的需求”，在倒數(shù)第二段的第一句sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs.（有時提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）可以看出只是偶爾會這么做；D選項“以很低的價格出售他們的系

32、統(tǒng)軟件包”，這個是文章沒有給出具體說法的。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段第二句話Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous.（公司的成立是為了從事為各種類型和大小的計算機編寫和銷售軟件，但是那些為微型計算機生產軟件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微機革命之后，關于計算機軟件的

33、公司增多了，D選項“微型計算機用戶有許多軟件可供選擇”正確。A選項“商業(yè)軟件出版商已經(jīng)逐漸消失”，原文并沒有說它消失了；B選項“主要的硬件制造商開始開發(fā)自己的軟件”， 文章沒有具體提到這點；C選項“許多公司停止了大型計算機軟件的開發(fā)”，文章沒有提及。5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項關鍵詞定位在文章最后一段Yet, these high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and competition have increased a quality of bo

34、th programs and instructional materials.（然而，這些高的價格往往是更可取的程序開發(fā)的內部成本。經(jīng)驗和競爭提高了課程和教學材料的質量。）也就是說明這些軟件的開發(fā)主要都是難在經(jīng)驗上，因此人們自己去開發(fā)的成本是會非常大的，A選項“計算機用戶開發(fā)自己的軟件比購買軟件的成本要高得多”正確。B選項“軟件價格居高不下是因為開發(fā)任何軟件都不容易”，太籠統(tǒng)，不夠具體；C選項“用戶很難復制軟件”，根據(jù)最后一段Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remai

35、ned high. （由于用戶可以很容易地復制軟件，軟件的價格仍然很高。）可以發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶復制軟件并不難；D選項“由于經(jīng)驗和競爭，軟件長期以來一直是高質量的”，在最后一段的倒數(shù)第四句The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. （節(jié)目和教學材料的質量通常很差。）可見軟件的質量并不是一直都很好。8.單選題The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to（ ）funds from armamen

36、ts to health and education.問題1選項A.deriveB.depriveC.dispatchD.divert【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項derive“源自，得自”；B選項deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；C選項dispatch“派遣，發(fā)送”；D選項divert“轉移，使轉向”。句意：兩國領導人認為，將資金從軍備（ ）衛(wèi)生和教育是可取的。這里表達的意思是“將資金從軍備轉向衛(wèi)生和教育”，因此D選項符合題意。9.單選題The sun is very large in comparison with its nine（ ）planets which, in turn,

37、 are circled by a total of thirty three satellites.問題1選項A.cyclingB.whirlingC.surroundingD.orbiting【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cycling“騎腳踏車消遣，騎腳踏車兜風”；B選項whirling“旋轉”；C選項surrounding“周圍的，附近的”；D選項orbiting“盤旋；繞軌道運行”。句意：與九顆（ ）太陽運行的行星相比，太陽是非常大的，而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbiting planets“軌道行星”，因此D選項符合題意。10.單選題The

38、tutor tells the undergraduate that one can acquire（ ）in a foreign language through more practice.問題1選項A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導師告訴本科生，通過多練習，可以_一門外語。這里表達的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語”，因此A選項符

39、合題意。11.單選題He added a（ ） to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.問題1選項A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會長、大學校長等）的職位（任期）”；B選項prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項postscript“附言；又及”；D選項preliminary“初步的，開始的，預備的”。句意：他在信上加了（ ），說他將在晚上8點前到達。這里表達的意思是“他在附言里說”，因

40、此C選項符合題意。12.寫作題Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Pros Cons of Buying a Car in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.有人贊成買私家車有人反對買私家車我的看法【答案】略13.單選題British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns

41、 would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.問題1選項A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“同盟，同盟國”；B選項“代表，委派”；C選項“選民”；D選項“陪審團，評委會”；題干中electorate“選民，選區(qū)”，句意：英國首相布萊爾向選民承諾，如果不試圖贏得聯(lián)合國的進一步制裁，就不會開槍。因此C選項符合題意。14.單選題The old couple decided to（ ）a boy and a girl though th

42、ey had three children of their own.問題1選項A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adapt“使適應；改編”，B選項bring“帶來；拿來”，C選項receive“接受”，D選項adopt“采??；接受；收養(yǎng)”；題干為：這對年邁的父母決定去（ ）一個男孩和一個女孩，即使他們已經(jīng)有了三個自己的孩子。因此根據(jù)邏輯我們知道他們是“領養(yǎng)”孩子，因此D選項符合題意。15.單選題People from different cultures have different（ ）of the world.問題1選項A.

43、impressionsB.complicationsC.foundationsD.conceptions【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impressions“印象，觀感”；B選項complications“并發(fā)癥”；C選項foundations“基礎，房建”；D選項conceptions“懷孕，概念，設想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的（ ）。這句話表達的意思是“不同的人對世界有不同的看法”，因此A選項符合題意。16.填空題Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control na

44、ture. We dammed earths rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils. Burning up fuels, we pumped a great deal of greenhouse gases into the air, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere and warming the planet in just a few decades. And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 bil

45、lion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every day, including the first primate（靈長類）to disappear in more than 100 years.At the start of the 21st century there were unmistakable signs that nature was beginning to take its revenge. Melting ice

46、 in both poles of the earth suggested that the climate was changing rapidly. Weather was even more changeable than usual; giving some places too little rain and others too much. Fires raced across the dried American West last summer, and recent storms spread damages from Britain to China. No specifi

47、c event could be directly blamed on global warming, floods and drought will be more frequentand severe. Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling grain and fish harvests and fiercer competition for scarce water supplies.But there were also, in the year 2000, signs of great awarenes

48、s. Connected by the Internet, hundreds of millions people gathered for the 30th anniversary of Earth Day, Governments from Washington to Lima took steps to protect the large wild areas from development. Progress was made toward using more renewable energy from the wind and the sun, and new cars that

49、 used both gasoline and electricity showed fuel-economy statistics.The goal for the new century is “sustainable (可持續(xù)的) development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.Mark “T” for True or “F” for False on the Answer Sheet._ 1.

50、 Species of animals and plants are increased._ 2. It can be inferred from the passage that scarce water supplies are directly caused by the larger population._ 3. Humanity built many dams in the past century._ 4. The phrase “sustainable development” in the last paragraph probably means that economic

51、 development will make full use of natural resources._ 5. The main purpose of the author is to make us aware of the importance of environment protection.【答案】FFTFT【解析】1.定位到第一段And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal an

52、d plant species were dying out every day, including the first primate to disappear in more than 100 years.（當我們的人口在2000年開始時超過了60億，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有幾十種動物和植物滅絕，包括100多年來第一個滅絕的靈長類動物。）可以看得出動植物物種都在減少，因此題干錯誤。2.定位到第二段No specific event could be directly blamed on global warming, floods and drought will be more fre

53、quentand severe.（沒有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖，洪水和干旱將會更頻繁和嚴重。）可以看出目前并沒有證據(jù)證明是人口增多引起的，因此題干錯誤。3.定位到第一段Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earths rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils.（在過去的一個世紀里，人類盡其所能控制自然。我們在河流上筑壩，砍伐森林，耗盡土壤。）通過這句話可以得出題干是

54、正確的。4.定位到最后一段The goal for the new century is “sustainable development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.（新世紀的目標是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對人類是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指的并不是題干所說的“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展將充分利用自然資源”，而是人類要意識到自己要和大自然共同發(fā)展，因此題干錯誤。5.根據(jù)

55、全文來看，作者一直都是在說明現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的惡劣，以及人類的責任重大，需要和自然好好相處，因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環(huán)境保護問題。題干表達正確。17.單選題Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.問題1選項A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD

56、.meticulous【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“可靠的，信賴的”；B選項“智慧的，聰明的”；C選項“勤勉的，用功的”；D選項“一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的”；題干中scrupulous“小心的，一絲不茍的”，句意：數(shù)以千計的證據(jù)、參考文獻和腳注證明了一位一絲不茍的研究人員，他對各種不同的理論和政治立場都做出了相當公正的評價。因此D選項最符合題意。18.單選題Ann used to（ ）when we went to the same school. But now she is always on time.問題1選項A.being lateB.lateC.be lateD.gett

57、ing late【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語。結合題干和選項可知本題考查非謂語，而used to后面要加動詞原形表示“過去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合語法規(guī)則。句意：我們在同一所學校時，安總是遲到。但是現(xiàn)在她總是很準時。19.單選題In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to（ ）the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.問題1選項A.alleviateB.boostC.captureD.ravage【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項boo

58、st“促進，增加”；C選項capture“捕獲”；D選項ravage“毀壞，破壞，蹂躪”。句意：在非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病繼續(xù)_人們；將近60%的感染者是女性。這里表達的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐，“蹂躪著那里的人們”，因此D選項符合題意。20.單選題Their refusal to compromise is a major（ ）that stands in the way of further peace talks.問題1選項A.obstacleB.complicationC.entityD.hazard【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項obstacle“障礙”；B選項complica

59、tion“并發(fā)癥，復雜”；C選項entity“實體，存在”；D選項hazard“危險，風險”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是進一步和談的主要（ ）。既然他們拒絕妥協(xié)，那么應該就是進一步發(fā)展的“障礙”，因此A選項符合題意。21.單選題For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and th

60、ey do not make the voyage for the（1）of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel（2）to go to bed and pleased when the journey（3）. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed（4）earlier than usual. When I（5）my cabin, I was surprised （6）that I was to have a companion