翻譯第六講詞技綜覽一

1、The preposition in can have many, many, different meanings. The meaning of in doing will depend on the meaning of this preposition in the sentecne. IN can mean.by virtue of, because, on account of. Examples. In doing the right thing he will have good karma.On account of doing the right thing. You ca

2、n find happiness in doing simple things. .By virtue of doing simple things. In doing his homework he prepared a solid base for further learning. Because he did his homework. 翻譯技巧（詞篇）Translation TechniquesTeaching contents 1.Diction 選詞用字 2.Amplification 增詞3.Omission 省略4.Conversion 轉(zhuǎn)換5.Repetition 重復(fù)6.

3、Restructuring 詞序調(diào)整7.Negation 正說反譯8.Change of Voices 變態(tài)Translation of Words增詞法（amplification）所謂增詞法，就是在翻譯時(shí)按意義上（或修辭上）和句法上的需要增加一些詞來更忠實(shí)通順地表達(dá)原文的思想內(nèi)容。用增詞法翻譯技巧的目的是為了更加準(zhǔn)確、通順和完整的表達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然不能無中生有地隨意增詞，而是增加原文中雖無其詞而有其意的一些詞。 一條金科玉律：增詞不增意，減詞不刪意。一、增加意義上或修辭上的需要上的部分 （一）增加名詞 1在動(dòng)詞后面增加名詞 英語中有些動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)用作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它作不及物

4、動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，賓語實(shí)際上是隱含在動(dòng)詞后面的，譯成漢語時(shí)往往需要把它表達(dá)出來。例如To wash before meal 是“飯前洗手”，如果不譯出隱含的賓語“手”，譯文“飯前洗一洗”的意思就不明確。同樣 To wash after getting up 和To wash before going to bed也應(yīng)分別譯成“起床后洗臉”和“睡前洗腳”了。 First you borrow, then you beg 頭一遭借錢，下一遭就討飯。2抽象名詞具體化 某些由動(dòng)詞或形容詞派生來的抽象名詞，翻譯時(shí)可根據(jù)上下文在其后面增添適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，解釋具體，從而使譯文更合乎規(guī)范。如： They wanted t

5、o ease the tension in the Middle East. 他們試圖緩解中東的緊張局勢。 to innovate革新innovation革新措施 to evolve進(jìn)化evolution進(jìn)化過程 to solve解決solution解決方法 to derive推導(dǎo)derivation推導(dǎo)過程 to persuade說服persuasion說服工作 to prepare準(zhǔn)備preparation準(zhǔn)備工作 backward落后backwardness落后狀態(tài) tense緊張tension緊張局勢 arrogant自滿arrogance自滿情緒 mad瘋狂madness瘋狂行為 a

6、ntagonistic敵對antagonism敵對態(tài)度 redundant多余redundancy多余信息 3具體名詞抽象化 He felt the patriot rise within his breast 他感到一種愛國熱情在胸中激蕩 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他讓法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。（二）增加表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞1增加重迭詞表示復(fù)數(shù) Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。 Ne

7、wsmen went flying off to Mexico. 記者紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。 There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他從來沒有見過的。 2增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復(fù)數(shù) The lion is the king of animals. 獅是百獸之王。 We have to face different problems. 我們得面對各種不同的問題。 Mr. Hobbs didnt talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterda

8、y afternoon. 直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟討論了我的各項(xiàng)建議。（三）增加動(dòng)詞根據(jù)上下文的具體意義，在翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常需要在某些名詞及動(dòng)詞之前或之后增加動(dòng)詞，才能使譯文的意思明確完整，讀起來也較通順自然，符合漢語習(xí)慣 He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他沒有致閉幕辭就宣布結(jié)束會(huì)議。 He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 他滿懷希望地說談判會(huì)取得成功。 After the basketball match, the chairman still ha

9、s an important meeting. 在觀看籃球比賽之后，主席還有一個(gè)重要會(huì)議要參加。（四）增加表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的詞對某種時(shí)間概念作強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，往往要加一些詞。 Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions. 人類過去、現(xiàn)在而且將來總是在盡力改善生活條件。 I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的獲釋是他成全的，對此我過去很感激，現(xiàn)在仍然很感激。 The high-altitude plane was a

10、nd still is a remarkable bird. 該高空飛機(jī)過去是現(xiàn)在仍然是一種了不起的飛機(jī)。二、增補(bǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的詞語We dont retreat, we never have and never will。 （we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat） 我們不后退，我們從沒有后退過，將來也決不后退。 A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. （a man of geniu

11、s and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted） 愚人會(huì)很快忘記說過的話，智者會(huì)很快放棄手里的錢。1Asias strength of economic management, however, has not been its perfection, but its pragmatism and flexibility.亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)管理向來不以完美見長，而是以務(wù)實(shí)和彈性取勝。2She was more royal than the royals.她比皇家成員更有皇家氣質(zhì)3You must come back before

12、 nine. Period!你必須九點(diǎn)前回來。沒什么可商量的余地。 增加語氣助詞 的、吧、呢、啊、呀、嘛、嗎、啦、罷了、而已 as for me, I didnt agree with from the very beginning. Dont take it seriously, I am just joking. the eyes were the same color as the sea, cheerful and undefeated Find your own way In April, there was the ping heard around the world. July

13、 , the ping “ponged” Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 這算是趕時(shí)髦吧課堂練習(xí) this too, is a complete lie I knew it quite well as I know it now he was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. very acute problems exist among them it was mostly small talk, but Id had v

14、ery little of that family news. Messages from sisters, nephews, nieces. he turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the back. 減詞（omission）減詞就是把原文中一些詞省略不用。這些詞在譯文中不一定要個(gè)個(gè)都要寫出來，寫了不能算錯(cuò)，但省略掉會(huì)使譯文更簡潔和更加具有可讀性。一譯文更簡潔1英文里有不少代詞、連接詞在中文表達(dá)時(shí)省掉才能避免累贅，“他搖著他的頭”中的“他的”就可以省略掉。 1）When the students finis

15、hed all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. 學(xué)生們看完了隨身帶的書，就打開飯盒吃起來。 2）she listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睜圓著眼睛聽我說話 3）as the manager of the performance sits before the curtain on the boards, and looks into the Fair, a feeling of profound melancholy comes over him in hi

16、s survey of the bustling place. 領(lǐng)班的坐在戲臺(tái)上幔子前面，對著底下鬧哄哄的市場，瞧了半晌，心里不覺悲慘起來。 4）what could marriage mean if we did not feel ourselves capable of love? 連愛都愛不起來，還談什么婚姻！ 5）smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 倉庫重地，禁止吸煙。2減詞也許是因?yàn)樵撛~的意思已經(jīng)融和了其他詞中，不必再用一個(gè)專門的詞來表達(dá)了1）small islands have played a disproportionately

17、 large role in the thinking of evolutionary biologists 島嶼雖小，但在影響進(jìn)化論生物學(xué)家思維的過程中起到的作用卻非常大。English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin 4.Conversion 轉(zhuǎn)換 The English and Chinese languages are poles apart. Therefore, there can hardly be any word-for-word equivalence in terms of word class(詞類), otherwise, translat

18、ion would have been much easier. Such being the case, it is only understandable that conversion, the change of word classes, should be adopted as a translation technique. 第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 5Conversion in English-Chinese Translation 1. Conversion into Verbs 轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞 2. Conversion into Nouns 轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞 3. C

19、onversion into Adjectives 轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞 4. Conversion into Adverbs 轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin 第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 5巴黎圣母院 Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris 1. Conversion into Verbs 轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞我生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是我決定棄文從商。2. Conversion into Nouns 轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞Tom is strong physically but weak mentally. 湯姆身體強(qiáng)健，但智力差。The tur

20、ning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising literature career and begin a business career instead. English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin 第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 53. Conversion into Adjectives 轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞4. Conversion into Adverbs 轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞The film “The Sixth Day” impressed me deeply. 電影第六日給我留下了深

21、刻的印象。 The delegation was given a warm e by the students. 這個(gè)代表團(tuán)受到了學(xué)生熱烈的歡迎。 English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin Verbs in Chinese and nouns in English It is generally acknowledged that the Chinese uses more verbs as the English uses more nouns. Therefore, in translation between the two languages a co

22、nversion between the two word classes are possible. For instance, 非公莫入！No admittance except on business!(2) 不準(zhǔn)拍照！No camera!第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 5II. Conversion in Chinese-English TranslationEnglish Department of KDNTC Huang Xin B. Conversion between Chinese verbs and English adjectives: 我們決不滿足于現(xiàn)在的成就。

23、We are not content with our present achievements.第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 5English Department of KDNTC Huang Xin 我榮幸地宣布，李先生就任公司的經(jīng)理。I have the honor to inform you that Mr Li will be manager of the company. C. Conversion between Chinese adjectives/adverbs and English nouns:第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）1 2 3 4 55.Repetition 重復(fù)第二章 翻譯技巧（詞篇）為了明確為了強(qiáng)調(diào)為了生動(dòng)重復(fù)法（repetition）重復(fù)法是因?yàn)樾形暮托揶o的要求。本來可以和兩個(gè)字，卻偏偏用四個(gè)字，本來可以用一個(gè)成語，卻偏偏用兩個(gè)成語。這一類的重復(fù)往往是為了“雅”。但有時(shí)并不是為了這個(gè)目的，而僅僅是為了滿足譯文行文表達(dá)的基本要求如 you ne