醫(yī)學英語漢譯英培訓課件

1、醫(yī)學英語漢譯英醫(yī)學英語漢譯英1. adj.+n.2. in + abstract noun3. one stem, and two branches4. adjectives used to express degree5. “a set of adjectives + the same noun” 6. predicate adjective + prep.Useful structures in Translation醫(yī)學英語漢譯英21. adj.+n.Useful structures i7. of phrase8. on a basis9. n. + infinite10. n + b

2、e + infinite 11. The morethe more (less)12. participle phrase醫(yī)學英語漢譯英37. of phrase醫(yī)學英語漢譯英3adj.+n.“發(fā)病率高”（n. + adj.） “high incidence” （adj.+n.） e.g. 傷口血腫差不多都是由止血不完善所致。Wound hematoma is almost always caused by imperfect hemostasis.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英4adj.+n.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英4如果嬰兒的飲食中維生素D含量不足就會引起佝僂病。Rickets will result if the

3、re is an insufficient amount of vitamin D in the diet of an infant.我們的研究顯示20例這類兒童中有8例神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)預后不良。Our study reported that 8 of 20 such children had poor neurological outcomes.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英5如果嬰兒的飲食中維生素D含量不足就會引起佝僂病。醫(yī)學英語漢譯口臭可由口腔衛(wèi)生不好和膿溢或者由扁桃體、腺樣組織以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。An odorous breath may result from improper oral hygi

4、ene and pyorrhea or from chronic infection of the tonsils, adenoid or nasal mucosa. 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英6口臭可由口腔衛(wèi)生不好和膿溢或者由扁桃體、腺樣組織以及鼻腔黏膜血氣惡化可能表示心血管功能下降，而不是肺疾病的惡化。Deteriorating blood gases may indicate decreasing cardiovascular function rather than a progression of the pulmonary disease.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英7血氣惡化可能表示心血管功能下降，而不是

5、肺疾病的惡化。醫(yī)學英語 例1：這些藥物的成分是不同的 The composition of these pills are different These pills are different in composition 例2：白細胞的數(shù)量比紅細胞少得多，數(shù)量之比約為1：600 The white cells are much fewer in number than the red cells, about one to 600.2. in + abstract noun醫(yī)學英語漢譯英8 例1：這些藥物的成分是不同的2. in + abs 例3：無論是酸性、堿性還是中性，多數(shù)藥物主要是從

6、小腸吸收的。 Most drugs, whether acidic, basic, or neutral in character, are absorbed mainly from the small intestine. 例4：人眼的結構和功用很像一個照相機。 The eye is much like a camera in structure and action.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英9 例3：無論是酸性、堿性還是中性，多數(shù)藥物主要是從小腸吸每條染色體上的基因成對地排列，有嚴格的次序，每一個基因占據(jù)特定的位置 （又稱基因座）。The genes on each chromosome are a

7、rranged in pairs and in strict order, with each gene occupying a specific location or locus.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英10每條染色體上的基因成對地排列，有嚴格的次序，每一個基因占據(jù)特3. One stem, and two branches 以名詞為中心詞，后面跟兩個介詞短語。第一個介詞往往時of， 第二個是其他介詞，兩個介詞短語都修飾中心名詞，綜合起來構成一個復雜的概念。寫作中運用這種結構，可以使得句子語言簡潔，突出概念，言簡意賅。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英113. One stem, and two branches 例1

8、：感染物吸入到肺是肺膿腫的最常見病因。Aspiration of infectious material into the lung is the most common cause of lung abscess. 例2：像嘔吐一樣，腹瀉也是身體防止中毒的一種自然保護作用。Like vomiting, diarrhea is a natural protection of the body against poisoning.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英12 例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺膿腫的最常見病因。醫(yī)學英語漢譯 例3：將小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其體內粒細胞總數(shù)增加，包括粒細胞的祖代細胞和循環(huán)中

9、的粒細胞。Short-term exposure of mice to benzene led to an increase in the total number of granulocyte, including progenitor cells and circulating granulocytes.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英13 例3：將小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其體內粒細胞 例4：治療無排卵子宮出血的首要目標應是將增生型的子宮內膜轉化為分泌型的子宮內膜。The treatment of anovulatory bleeding should have as its first aim

10、the transformation of proliferative (endometrium) into secretory endometrium. 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英14 例4：治療無排卵子宮出血的首要目標應是將增生型的子宮內有時，名詞后面可有三個介詞短語。 這種損傷導致體液從血液向組織滲漏。 Such damage results in the leakage of fluid from the blood into the tissues.第二個短語也可以是不定式短語腎小管對這些物質的吸收能力不是無限的。 The capacity of the tubules to absorb th

11、ese substances is not unlimited.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英15有時，名詞后面可有三個介詞短語。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英15The body need nutrition.The need of body for nutrition醫(yī)學英語漢譯英16The body need nutrition.醫(yī)學英語漢譯4. Adjectives used to express degree尿中出現(xiàn)可以檢測到的（一定量的）葡萄糖稱為糖尿。The presence of appreciable amounts of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuri

12、a. 血液中出現(xiàn)了尿酸的明顯增多。There has been an appreciable increase of uric acid in the blood.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英174. Adjectives used to express Appreciable ConsiderableMarked Significant appreciable/considerable/marked/ significant increase醫(yī)學英語漢譯英18Appreciable 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英18這種藥（依地酸鈣鈉）對急性和慢性鉛中毒是有效的，它可引起明顯增加的尿鉛排出。The drug (sodiu

13、m calcium edetate) is effective in acute and chronic lead poisoning; it produces a marked increase in the urinary excretion of lead.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英19這種藥（依地酸鈣鈉）對急性和慢性鉛中毒是有效的，它可引起明顯 骨盆檢查顯示外陰有明顯的炎癥。 Pelvic examination shows that there is considerable inflammation of the vulva.AD患者血漿中P物質濃度相對于對照組有顯著增加(P0.01);Pat

14、ients with AD had significant increase in plasma level of Substance P compared with controls (P0.01).醫(yī)學英語漢譯英20 骨盆檢查顯示外陰有明顯的炎癥。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英20如果血液被過多攝入的液體所稀釋，尿的排出就會增加。If the blood is diluted by an excessive intake of fluids the output of urine is increased.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英21如果血液被過多攝入的液體所稀釋，尿的排出就會增加。醫(yī)學英語漢普萘洛爾確實有效，它可

15、較大程度地增加很多患者的運動耐受性。Propranolol does have a demonstrable effect, and in many patients it will increase exercise tolerance considerably. demonstrable醫(yī)學英語漢譯英22普萘洛爾確實有效，它可較大程度地增加很多患者的運動耐受性。醫(yī)先天畸形可引起相當比例的嬰兒死亡。Congenital abnormalities cause a fair proportion of infant deaths. fair這種有輕微麻醉作用的藥物在腹部手術中是有價值的。The

16、 drug is of value, with light anesthesia, in obtaining greater relation in abdominal surgery. light醫(yī)學英語漢譯英23先天畸形可引起相當比例的嬰兒死亡。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英23大出血必須及時加以控制，否則就需進行手術。Massive bleeding must be brought under control immediately, otherwise an operation is indicated. Massive醫(yī)學英語漢譯英24大出血必須及時加以控制，否則就需進行手術。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英24當你

17、劇烈運動時，體內產(chǎn)生廢物，這些物質對于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)具有輕度的毒性。When you exercise vigorously, waste products which act as mild poisons to the nervous system are formed. mild (slight)醫(yī)學英語漢譯英25當你劇烈運動時，體內產(chǎn)生廢物，這些物質對于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)具有輕度的除了主動脈反流，如果還存在有一定程度的主動脈狹窄，通常會出現(xiàn)（左心室）中度擴張。If considerable aortic stenosis exists along with regurgitation, moderat

18、e enlargement is the rule. moderate醫(yī)學英語漢譯英26除了主動脈反流，如果還存在有一定程度的主動脈狹窄，通常會出現(xiàn)普萘洛爾在降低動脈血壓上也有適當?shù)淖饔?。Propranolol also has a modest effect in reducing arterial blood pressure. Modest醫(yī)學英語漢譯英27普萘洛爾在降低動脈血壓上也有適當?shù)淖饔?。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英27這些事實幾乎結論性地表明吸煙習慣與隨后發(fā)生的冠狀動脈疾病之間的緊密聯(lián)系。These almost conclusively indicate a strong associat

19、ion between the habit of cigarette smoking and the subsequent development of coronary artery disease. Strong醫(yī)學英語漢譯英28這些事實幾乎結論性地表明吸煙習慣與隨后發(fā)生的冠狀動脈疾病之間5. “a set of adjectives + the same noun” to differentiate various degrees.a small (limited) number of a certain number of a large number of an enormous (

20、vast) number of A number of少數(shù)有一些 很多極多醫(yī)學英語漢譯英295. “a set of adjectives + the Minimum amount of an insufficient amount of Minor (small) amounts of appreciable amounts of vast amounts of a very large amount ofA (an) amount of / amounts of最低量不足量的少量一定數(shù)量大量 超大量的醫(yī)學英語漢譯英30Minimum amount of A (an) amoOf impor

21、tance沒什么重要 of little (no) importance不太重要 of minor importance十分重要 of major importance極其重要 of essential (fundamental / great) importance醫(yī)學英語漢譯英31Of importance醫(yī)學英語漢譯英31格外重要 of particular importance至關重要 of vital importance最為重要 of first (prime / primary / utmost / paramount) importance醫(yī)學英語漢譯英32格外重要 醫(yī)學英語漢

22、譯英32有深遠意義 of profound importance 有治療意義 of therapeutic importance壓倒一切的重要意義 of overriding importance醫(yī)學英語漢譯英33有深遠意義 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英33Of value作用不大 of little value極大的價值 of great (most / considerable) value有無價值，是有爭議的 of debatable value醫(yī)學英語漢譯英34Of value醫(yī)學英語漢譯英34e.g. 患風濕熱時經(jīng)常發(fā)生的這些臨床特征，具有很小的診斷價值。These clinical featur

23、es frequently occurring in rheumatic fever are of minor diagnostic value.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英35e.g. 患風濕熱時經(jīng)常發(fā)生的這些臨床特征，具有很小的診斷價At intervals 交替，間隔有規(guī)律地交替出現(xiàn) at regular intervals 例：瘧疾是一種慢性、復發(fā)性的感染，以規(guī)律交替出現(xiàn)寒戰(zhàn)和高熱為其特征。 Malaria is a chronic, relapsing infection characterized by chills and high fever at regular intervals. 例：

24、每4小時重復一次 At 4 hour intervals/ at intervals of 4 hours醫(yī)學英語漢譯英36At intervals 交替，間隔醫(yī)學英語漢譯英3Pay attention to應有的注意相當?shù)刈⒁獬浞株P注非常重視 密切注意Particular attention must be given to pay due attention to pay considerable attention to pay adequate attention topay great attention topay close attention to 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英37Pay a

25、ttention to醫(yī)學英語漢譯英376. predicate adjective + prep. adj. + forbe available for 有效的例：人工自動免疫對白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰質炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹熱、猩紅熱、破傷風、傷寒和百日咳等疾病均有效。Artificial active immunization is available for diphtheria, measles, mumps, poliomyelitis, rabies, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, scarlet fever, tetanus, typhoid f

26、ever, and whooping cough.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英386. predicate adjective + prep.be critical forbe effective for be suitable for醫(yī)學英語漢譯英39be critical for醫(yī)學英語漢譯英39 adj. + inbe deficient in 缺乏的例：因為機體主要缺乏水和電解質，而不是缺血或血漿，所以補液主要以鹽水溶液為主。Since the body is deficient chiefly in water and electrolytes, rather than blood or plas

27、ma, fluid replacement should consist mainly of saline solutions. be inadequate in 不足的醫(yī)學英語漢譯英40 adj. + in醫(yī)學英語漢譯英40adj. + of be characteristic of 以為特征be conscious of 意識到be devoid of 不受影響例：沒有副作用 be devoid of side effects be devoid of side effects be independent of 不受影響或支配be ignorant of 不清楚be indicative

28、 of 是的預兆醫(yī)學英語漢譯英41adj. + of 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英41be suggestive of 提示例：一般說來，以干燥性鱗屑紅斑類型為表現(xiàn)的手癬提示紅色毛癬菌感染。Generally tinea manum of dry scaly and erythematous type is suggestive of Trichophyton rubrum infection.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英42be suggestive of 提示醫(yī)學英語漢譯英42adj. + to be central to 成為的中心環(huán)節(jié)be detrimental to 對有害be deleterious to 對

29、有害be vulnerable to 易受的損傷醫(yī)學英語漢譯英43adj. + to 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英43be susceptible to 易受到損傷的，易發(fā)病的例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心臟病發(fā)作。Our study has indicated that people with depression are more susceptible to heart attacks.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英44be susceptible to 易受到損傷的，易發(fā)病adj. + withbe compatible with 與相符合be contiguous with 與接觸，與相連be isotonic w

30、ith 與等滲的be synchronous with 與一致（同步）的醫(yī)學英語漢譯英45adj. + with醫(yī)學英語漢譯英45例：該嬰兒的臨床表現(xiàn)與宮內感染是相符合的。This infants clinical picture is compatible with an intrauterine infection.例：子宮的雜音與母體的脈搏是一致的。The uterine souffl is synchronous with the maternal pulse.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英46例：該嬰兒的臨床表現(xiàn)與宮內感染是相符合的。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英46醫(yī)學英語漢譯英培訓課件在入院的64例患者中，35

31、人接受了手術治療，29人接受了藥物治療。Of the 64 patients admitted, 35 were treated surgically and 29 medically.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英48在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手術治療，29人接受了藥物 (Of短語也可以用在后面)有64例患者住進我們醫(yī)院，其中35人接受了手術治療，其余29人接受了藥物治療。Sixty-four cases were admitted to our hospital, of whom 35 were treated surgically and the remaining 29 medically.醫(yī)

32、學英語漢譯英49 (Of短語也可以用在后面)醫(yī)學英語漢譯英498. On a basis此短語的功能相當于形容詞或名詞的副詞形式所起的狀語作用。on a regular basis = regularly on a moment-to-moment basisfrom moment to moment必須對患者進行仔細的體格檢查并且定期復查。A meticulous physical examination must be performed and repeated on a regular basis.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英508. On a basis此短語的功能相當于形容詞或名詞對患者進行逐個

33、分析時，病損大小在10mm及以上者（總數(shù)為63），其空氣對比鋇劑灌腸敏感度為48，CT結腸造影為59，結腸鏡檢率為98。When analyzed on a per-patient basis, for lesions 10mm or larger in size (n=63), the sensitivity of air contrast barium enema (ACBE) was 48%, computed tomographic colonography (CTC) 59%, and colonoscopy 98%.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英51對患者進行逐個分析時，病損大小在10mm及以上者

34、（總數(shù)為63視個體情況而定 on an individual basis = individually頻繁地 on a frequent basis = frequently實驗性質地 on a experimental basis = experimentally世界范圍內地 on a world basis = worldwide醫(yī)學英語漢譯英52視個體情況而定醫(yī)學英語漢譯英52長期地，永遠地 on a permanent basis = permanently 不定時偶爾的 on a time-contingent basis = time-contingently 每天地 on a d

35、aily basis = daily 醫(yī)學英語漢譯英53長期地，永遠地醫(yī)學英語漢譯英539. n + infinite 名詞的后置定語多用介詞短語，分詞短語或定語從句。但有時不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名詞。醫(yī)學英語漢譯英549. n + infinite 名詞的后置定語多用介詞短語，激光影像鏡檢最突出的一點是能使手術操作創(chuàng)傷性小而又省錢。The most remarkable thing about videolaseroscopy is its potential to make the procedures less invasive and costly.手術消毒所需的時間取決于被消

36、毒物品的性質。The time of operation to achieve sterility depends on the nature of the material being sterilized.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英55激光影像鏡檢最突出的一點是能使手術操作創(chuàng)傷性小而又省錢。醫(yī)學10. n + be + infinite 40歲以上的患者近期開始出現(xiàn)消化不良的癥狀時，首先應排除的是胃癌。When confronted with dyspeptic symptoms of recent origin in a patient over 40 years the first necessity is to exclude gastric cancer.醫(yī)學英語漢譯英5610. n + be + infinite 40歲以上的患者11. The morethe more (less)胎膜破裂的時間越長，宮內感染發(fā)生的可能性就越大。The longer the membranes are ruptured, the greater the likelihood of intrauterine infection (is).醫(yī)學英語漢譯英5711. The morethe more (less)胎膜1