chapter1-introducing-health-psychology-臨床心理學(xué)雙語課件

1、Health psychologyWenzhou Medical CollegeShirley XHealth psychologyWenzhou MediccontentsChapter1 Introducing Health psychologyChapter2 Conducting Health psychologyChapter5 Defining and Measuring StressChapter6 Understanding Stress and DiseaseChapter7 Understanding PainChapter8 Managing Stress and Pai

2、ncontentsChapter1 Introducing Hreferences健康心理學(xué)，Philip L. Rice著，胡佩誠 等譯，中國輕工業(yè)出版社，2000年出版Health psychology- an introduction to behavior and health, Linda Brannon and Jess Feist, Peking University Press, 2007references健康心理學(xué)，Philip L. Ricechapter1-introducing-health-psychology-臨床心理學(xué)雙語課件chapter1-introduci

3、ng-health-psychology-臨床心理學(xué)雙語課件Some questions:Do you think you are healthy?How many years do you think you would live? And why?What could you do to keep your health?Some questions:Do you think yo Chapter 1 main contents:Changed views of healthPsychologys involvement in health Chapter 1 main contents:

4、Part1 the Changing Field of HealthOne hundred years ago, most people thought health is the absence of diseases.However, during the 20th century, health has changed in several important ways.Part1 the Changing Field ofA century ago:In the early 1900s, peoples diseases were largely the result of conta

5、ct with:Impure drinking waterContaminated foodsSick peopleMost diseases in 1900s were typhoid fever, pneumonia, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and diarrhea, which were relatively short.A century ago:In the early 190During the 20th century:Health has changed in mainly four ways:The leading causes of death

6、 changed from infectious diseases to those that related to unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle.Effective treatments developed to treat and cure many diseases, but the cost of medical care rose sharply, making people pay more attention to health-related behavior.During the 20th century:HealthHealth cha

7、nged in mainly four ways:A new definition of health emerged. Health is the presence of positive well-being.Some people began to advocate a broader perspective of health and diseases, questioning the usefulness of the traditional biomedical model.During the 20th century:Health changed in mainly four

8、1）Patterns of diseases and death in last one hundred years:Early 1900s, the leading causes of death infectious diseases, such as influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diphtheria, diarrhea.In several decades later, chronic diseases became the leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, chro

9、nic lower respiratory diseases, unintentional injuries, and diabetes.1）Patterns of diseases and deaAccording to one article, things in China in last 40 years:The five leading causes of death were cancer, diseases of the heart, cerebrovascular disease, accidents, and infectious diseases among men and

10、 diseases of the heart, cerebrovascular disease, cancer, pneumonia and influenza, and infectious diseases among women. The risk of death and the population attributable risk for preventable risk factors were as follows: hypertension; cigarette smoking; physical inactivity and underweight.Vascular di

11、sease and cancer have become the leading causes of death among Chinese adults. According to one article, thinIn the last few years:Deaths from diseases not closely related to lifestyle and behaviors began to increase, such as:Alzheimers diseasesInfluenzaPneumoniaKidney diseasesSepticemiaParkinsons d

12、iseasesIn the last few years:Deaths f2) Age-related trends in mortalityThe Middle-aged and young people: homicide, suicide, unintentional injuriesThe elder people: Alzheimers disease, influenza and pneumonia, cardiovascular disease2) Age-related trends in morta3) Ethnicity, income and disease3) Ethn

13、icity, income and diseaTop 10 life expectancy countries:Andorra 83.42Macao 81.87San Marino 81.84Japan 80.93Singapore 80.84Australia 80.13Switzerland 79.99Sweden 79.97Hong Kong 79.93Canada 79.8395. China 72.22（Based on data in 2003 from USA）Top 10 life expectancy countriDifference among different eth

14、nicity:European AmericanHispanic AmericanAfrican AmericanAsian AmericanRisk factors: mainly was socioeconomic status, such as poverty, income and educationDifference among different eth4）Changes in life expectancyWhat factors have accounted for the 30-year increase in life expectancy during 20th cen

15、tury?Advances in medical careThe control of infectious diseases through vaccinationSafer drinking waterMilk supplyThe single most important contributor to the increase in life expectancy was the lowering of infant mortality.4）Changes in life expectancyWh2 Escalating cost of medical careThe second ma

16、jor change within the field of health has been the escalating cost of medical care.Heart surgery, hemodialysis, and high-technology imaging techniques contributes to the rising cost of health care in the US.In 2003, the total cost of medical care in China is 660 billion RMB, however, the government

17、only afforded 17%, while in European countries it was 80% to 90%, American 45.6%.2 Escalating cost of medical Strategy for curbing medical cost:Limit servicesAn emphasis on the early detection of disease and on changes to a healthier lifestyle and to behavior that help prevent disease.Early detectio

18、n: such as high blood pressure, high serum cholesterol.Strategy for curbing medical c3 What is health?Traditional view: Health is the absence of diseasesThe biomedical model: Diseasesto be a result of exposure to a specific pathogen, a disease-causing organism.The biopsychosocial model: a more holis

19、tic model, considering social psychological, physiological and spiritual aspects of a persons health.3 What is health?Traditional Definition of health(WHO):“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”In psychological par

20、tpositive psychology: “psychology is not just the study of pathology, weakness, and damage, it is also the study of strength and virtue.”Definition of health(WHO):“HeaPart2 psychologys involvement in healthPsychology: the science of behavior and mind.What could psychology do?Changing behaviors that

21、have been implicated in chronic diseasesRelieve painReduce stressImprove compliance with medical adviceHelp patients and family members live with chronic illnessPart2 psychologys involvemenPsychology in medical settings:1911, APA convened a panel to discuss the role of psychology in medical educatio

22、n, and broached it again in 1928 and 1950.But psychologists seldom collaborated with medical specialists than psychiatrists.Psychology in medical settingsBy the beginning of 21st century:Psychologist had made significant progress in their efforts to gain greater acceptance by the medical profession.

23、By the beginning of 21st centuThe rise, decline and fall of psychosomatic medicinePsychosomatic diseases: Peptic ulcerRheumatoid arthritisHypertensionasthmaHyperthyroidismUlcerative colitisBiomedical remedies: penicillin, antibiotics, insulin, vaccines.Changes in the view of disease make situation different for psychosomatic medicine.The rise, decline and fall of Emergence of behavior medicine and Health psychology1) behavioral medicine1977, a conference at Yale University, a new field: behavioral medicine.Definition: “the interdisciplinary field concerned with t