JX105普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床說明書

1、普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 6目錄12ABSTRACT2第1章緒綸311多軸加工應(yīng)3 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250011 12多軸加工的設(shè)備43多軸加工的趨勢(shì)5第2章普通鉆床改為多軸鉆床6 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250010 1生產(chǎn)任務(wù)6 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250009 第3章7 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250008 317第4章多軸箱的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與零部件圖的繪制14箱體和中間板結(jié)構(gòu)14 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250007 多軸箱軸的設(shè)計(jì)14 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250006 軸坐標(biāo)

2、計(jì)算30 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250005 第5章導(dǎo)向裝置的設(shè)計(jì)31 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250004 第6章接桿刀具31 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250003 外文文獻(xiàn)31 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250002 總 結(jié)36 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250001 鳴謝37 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250000 參考文獻(xiàn)37中文摘要本設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)于普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床的設(shè)計(jì)。普通鉆床為單軸機(jī)床，但安裝上多軸箱就會(huì)關(guān)鍵詞： 多軸鉆床；生產(chǎn)效率；多軸箱AbstractThe design is about reconstructing

3、 the ordinary drill to a multiple drill. The ordinary drill is a single drill. It will improve its productive efficiency, shorten its processing time if assembled a multiple spindle case on. That so calls a multiple drill. Hereby, the keystone of this design paper is how to design a multiple spindle

4、 heads. The design subjects include the selection and distribution of gear wheel, the design of spindle, and the guiding equipment and selection of the multiple spindle heads, etc.Key words: multiple drill; productive efficiency; multiple spindle heads普通鉆床該為多軸鉆床:2000121316第1章緒論多軸加工應(yīng)用據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)一般在車間中普通機(jī)床的平均

5、切削時(shí)間很少超過全部工作時(shí)間的其余時(shí)間是看圖裝卸工件調(diào)換刀具操作機(jī)床測(cè)量以及清除鐵屑等等使用數(shù)控機(jī)床雖然能提高85%， 用大。某些情況下，即使生產(chǎn)率高，但加工相同的零件，其成本不一定比普通機(jī)床低。多地縮短加工時(shí)間。不同的加工方法有不同的特點(diǎn)，就鉆削加工而言，多軸加工是一種通過少量投資來提高生產(chǎn)率的有效措施。多軸加工優(yōu)勢(shì)雖然不可調(diào)式多軸頭在自動(dòng)線中早有應(yīng)用，但只局限于大批量生產(chǎn)。即使采用可調(diào)式多軸15000 20 842.5 151.1 小時(shí)。但若以數(shù)171.6 1.9 小時(shí)。因此，利用數(shù)控控30 2000 40%可以在自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床中用二軸、20%1975 年法國(guó)巴黎機(jī)床展覽會(huì)也反映了多軸

6、加工的使用愈來愈多這一趨勢(shì)。多軸加工的設(shè)備多軸加工是在一次進(jìn)給中同時(shí)加工許多孔或同時(shí)在許多相同或不同工件上各加工一個(gè)孔。這不僅縮短切削時(shí)間，提高精度，減少裝夾或定位時(shí)間，并且在數(shù)控機(jī)床中不必計(jì)算坐標(biāo)，減少字塊數(shù)而簡(jiǎn)化編程。它可以采用以下一些設(shè)備進(jìn)行加工：立鉆或搖臂鉆上裝多軸頭、多軸鉆床、多軸組合機(jī)床心及自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床。甚至可以通過二個(gè)能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)軸距的主軸或多軸箱，結(jié)合數(shù)控工作臺(tái)縱橫二個(gè)方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)，加工各種圓形或橢圓形孔組的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)工序?，F(xiàn)在就這方面的現(xiàn)狀作一簡(jiǎn)介。多軸頭從傳動(dòng)方式來說主要有齒輪傳動(dòng)與萬(wàn)向聯(lián)軸節(jié)傳動(dòng)二種。這是大家所熟悉的。前者效率較高結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單后者易于調(diào)整軸距從結(jié)構(gòu)來說有不可

7、調(diào)式與可調(diào)式二種前者軸距不能改變，僅適用于大批量生產(chǎn)。為了擴(kuò)大其贊許適應(yīng)性，發(fā)展了可調(diào)式多軸頭，在一定范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)整軸距。它主要裝在有萬(wàn)向.二種種具有對(duì)準(zhǔn)裝置的主軸。主軸裝在可調(diào)支架中，而可調(diào)支架能在殼體的T形槽中移動(dòng)，并能在對(duì)準(zhǔn)的位置以螺栓固定（2） 形主軸套。主軸套固定在與式件孔型相同的模板中。前一種適用于批量小且孔組是規(guī)則分布的工件（如孔組分布在不同直徑的圓周上。后一種適用于批量較大式中小批量的輪番生產(chǎn)中，剛性較好，孔距精度亦高，但不同孔型需要不同的模板。多軸頭可以裝在立鉆式搖臂鉆床上，按鉆床本身所具有的各種功能進(jìn)行工作。這種多軸加工方法，由于鉆孔效率、加工范圍及精度的關(guān)系，使用范圍有限。

8、多軸箱Secto323003006001050 60 根，動(dòng)力22.5Romai易地改變孔型，并且可以達(dá)到比普通多軸箱更小的孔距。根據(jù)成組加工原理使用多軸箱或多軸頭的組合機(jī)床很適用于大中批量生產(chǎn)。為了在加工中（尺寸超差時(shí)能立即發(fā)現(xiàn)。多軸鉆床這是一種能滿足多軸加工要求的鉆床。諸如導(dǎo)向、功率、進(jìn)給、轉(zhuǎn)速與加工范圍等。巴黎展覽會(huì)中展出的多軸鉆床多具液壓進(jìn)給。其整個(gè)工作循壞如快進(jìn)、工進(jìn)與清除鐵屑等都是自動(dòng)進(jìn)行。值得注意的是，多數(shù)具有單獨(dú)的變速機(jī)構(gòu)，這樣可以適應(yīng)某一組孔中不同孔徑的加工需要。自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床為了中小批量生產(chǎn)合理化的需要，最近幾年發(fā)展了自動(dòng)更換主軸箱組合機(jī)床。自動(dòng)更換主軸機(jī)床自動(dòng)更換主軸

9、機(jī)床頂部是回轉(zhuǎn)式主軸箱庫(kù)，掛有多個(gè)不可調(diào)主軸箱?？v橫配線盤予先編好工作程序，使相應(yīng)的主軸箱進(jìn)入加工工位，定位緊并與動(dòng)力聯(lián)接，然后裝有工件的工作臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到型與不同工序的需要。轉(zhuǎn)塔上裝置多個(gè)不可調(diào)或萬(wàn)向聯(lián)軸節(jié)主軸箱，轉(zhuǎn)塔能自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位，并對(duì)夾緊在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)的46自動(dòng)更換主軸箱組合機(jī)床它由自動(dòng)線或組合機(jī)床中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件組成。不可調(diào)多軸箱與動(dòng)力箱按置在水平底座上，主軸箱庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)整個(gè)裝置緊固在進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的溜板上。主軸箱庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與進(jìn)給動(dòng)作都按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)子程序工的控制器可以獲得完整的加工系統(tǒng)。數(shù)控八軸落地鉆床大型冷凝器的水冷壁管板的孔多達(dá)15000個(gè)它與支撐板聯(lián)接在一起加工為20毫米， 孔深180毫米采用具有內(nèi)冷卻管道的麻花

10、鉆巴壓力的冷卻液可直接進(jìn)入切削區(qū)有利于成90供自動(dòng)8軸數(shù)控落地加工。多軸加工趨勢(shì)多軸加工生產(chǎn)效率高，投資少，生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期短，產(chǎn)品改型時(shí)設(shè)備損失少。而且隨著我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，多軸加工的范圍一定會(huì)愈來愈廣，加工效率也會(huì)不斷提高。第2章普通鉆床改為多軸鉆床生產(chǎn)任務(wù)在一批鑄鐵連接件上有同一個(gè)面上有多個(gè)孔加工。在普通立式鉆床上進(jìn)行孔加工，通常是一個(gè)孔一個(gè)孔的鉆削，生產(chǎn)效率低，用非標(biāo)設(shè)備，即組合機(jī)床加工，生產(chǎn)效率高，但設(shè)備投資大。但把一批普通立式普通單軸鉆床改造為立式多軸鉆床，改造后的多軸鉆床，可以同時(shí)完成多個(gè)孔的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸、等工序。設(shè)計(jì)程序介紹如下：普通立式鉆床的選型計(jì)算所需電機(jī)功率零件圖如圖 1 所

11、示：1HT200HBS170-240HBS；年產(chǎn)量：1000 6.7IT13.(1)F CF d0 ZF YF V nF kFCF =365.9d0 =103 ZF =0.661,YF =1.217nF =0.361kF =1.1,V =0.35m/s（表 15-37）文獻(xiàn) 1普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 7則 F 365.9 103 0.6611.217 0.35 0.3611.1 4.09N所需電機(jī)功率： P F V 4.09 0.35 1.4KW立式鉆床的確定技術(shù)規(guī)格型 號(hào)Z525最大鉆孔直徑（mm）主軸端面至工作臺(tái)距離(mm)250-700(mm)技

12、術(shù)規(guī)格型 號(hào)Z525最大鉆孔直徑（mm）主軸端面至工作臺(tái)距離(mm)250-700(mm)(mm)750-110250主軸行距(mm)主軸孔莫氏解錐度1753號(hào)主軸最大扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩(Nm)主軸進(jìn)給力(N)245.258829(mm)97-1360200進(jìn)給量(mm/r)工作臺(tái)行程(mm)0.1-0.8325工作臺(tái)工作面積(mm)主電動(dòng)機(jī)功率(kw)25003752.8第3章多軸齒輪傳動(dòng)箱的設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)前的準(zhǔn)備410割裂作用，使灰鑄鐵很易切削加工，屑片易斷，刀具磨損少，故可選用硬質(zhì)合金錐柄麻花鉆文獻(xiàn) 2（GB10946-89）切削用量的確定普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE

13、 17根據(jù)表 27文獻(xiàn)？，切削速度Vc 21m / min ,進(jìn)給量 f 0.17mm/ r .則切削轉(zhuǎn)速n 1000 21 998r / mins3.14 6.7根據(jù) Z525 機(jī)床說明書，取ns 960r / min故實(shí)際切削速度為：Vcdnw10003.146.796020.2m/min 10002一般 L切入 為 5-10mm,取 10mm，L 1 d 3 8 6.7 8 10.2mm 文獻(xiàn) 333L加工 5mmt L切入 L加工 L切出25.20.15minnfm1nfw960 0.17單件時(shí)工時(shí)： tm 4tm1 4 0.15 0.6 min動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算選定齒輪的傳動(dòng)方式：初

14、定為外嚙合。齒輪分布方案確定：根據(jù)分析零件圖，多軸箱齒輪分布初定有以下圖 3，圖 4 兩種形式3明確主動(dòng)軸、工作軸和惰輪軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向，并計(jì)算或選定其軸徑大小。Z5352.8/97：43表2加工孔徑與工作軸直徑對(duì)應(yīng)表（mm）加工孔徑加工孔徑1212161620工作軸直徑152025因?yàn)榧庸た讖綖?10mm,所以工作軸直徑選 15mm. 主動(dòng)軸和惰輪軸的直徑在以后的軸設(shè)計(jì)中確定。排出齒輪傳動(dòng)的層次，設(shè)計(jì)各個(gè)齒輪。 本設(shè)計(jì)的齒輪傳動(dòng)為單層次的齒輪外嚙合傳動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)分布圖如圖 4 所示。1 在設(shè)計(jì)各個(gè)齒輪前首先明確已知條件： 電機(jī)輸入功率 P1 2.8KW 1360r / m i n3 960r / m

15、in i=0.84, 150天 選定齒輪類型，精度等級(jí)，材料及齒數(shù)選用直齒輪圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)；多軸箱為一般工作機(jī)器，速度不高，故選用 7 級(jí)精度（GB10095-88）;材料選擇文獻(xiàn) 4由表1為為S為4度為4選齒輪齒數(shù) Z1 24,齒輪齒數(shù) Z 2 Z1 u 241.2 28.8 ,取 Z 2 29 . 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)Kt T1u 1 ZE 2由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行試算，d1t 2.3232du 確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值Kt 1.3;計(jì)算齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 H T 95.5 105 P / n 95.5 105 2.8 /1360 1.966104 N mm1113)由表10-7文獻(xiàn) 4選取齒寬系數(shù)d=

16、0.5E表10-6文獻(xiàn)4 查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)Z189.8MPa1/ 2EH lim1表10-21d文獻(xiàn)4 按齒面硬度查得齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限？600MPa;齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限？Hlim2 550MPaH lim1文獻(xiàn) 4表10-13計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)：N1 jLh 6013601 2 8 30015 5.8751092N 5.875109 /1.2 4.896109217)表10-19文獻(xiàn)4 查得接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù)K 0.90,18)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力:取失效概率為 1%，安全系數(shù) S 1 ,由式(10-12) 文獻(xiàn) 4 得： KH lim1 H lim1 0.9 600 540MPa

17、H 1S1 K 2H lim2 0.95 550 522.5MPa ;H 2S1計(jì)算試算小齒輪分度圓直徑d1t ，代入H中較小的值:1.3 1.966104122.2189.81.3 1.966104122.2189.81.2522.52d1t 2.323t 1 E 2.32duHV:V d1t 3.14 53.6491360 3.81m / s601000601000計(jì)算齒bb d d H 0.5 53.649 26.82mm計(jì)算齒寬與齒高之比b/h1模數(shù)： mt d1t / z 53.649/ 24 2.235mm1齒高： h 2.25mt 2.25 2.235 5.029b / h 53

18、.649 / 5.3計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)文獻(xiàn) 4F根據(jù)v=3.81m/s,7級(jí)精度，由圖10-8查得動(dòng)載系數(shù)Kv=1.14,FKat/b100N/mm,由表 10-3KH KF 1.2 ;由表 10-2由表 10-4查得使用系數(shù) K A 1;查得 7 級(jí)精度齒輪相對(duì)支承非對(duì)稱布置時(shí)，HdK1.120.18 1 2 2 0.2310Hd將數(shù)據(jù)代入后得：HK1.120.18 10.612 12 0.2310353.6491.182HH得，由b/hK1.182,圖10-13文獻(xiàn)4KH得，故載荷系數(shù) K KA KV KH KH 11.111.2 1.182 1.574文獻(xiàn) 4按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓

19、直徑，由式（10-10a）得，3 K / Ktd1 3 K / Kt=53.649x3 1.574/1.3 =57.18mmmm=d1/Z1=57.18/24=2.4mm,圓整為 m=25mm.按齒根彎曲強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)文獻(xiàn) 4 YFaYSa 由式（10-5）m3z 2 確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值d 1F文獻(xiàn) 41）由圖10-20查得齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限FE1=500Mpa;齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限 FE2 =380Mpa;FN1FN2)圖10-18文獻(xiàn)4 查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)KKFN1FN計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力文獻(xiàn) 4取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=1.4,由式（10-12）KFN1FE10.85 F1=S=1.4=3

20、03.57Mpa KFN 2 FE 2 =0.88 =238.86MPaF 2S1.4計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)K KA KV KF KF 11.111.2 1.15 1.532查取齒形系數(shù)Fa1Fa由表10-5文獻(xiàn)4 得Y2.65,Fa1Fa查取應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)sa1由表10-5文獻(xiàn)4 得Y1.58,sa17）計(jì)算齒輪、的YFaYSa F 并加以比較YFa1YSa12.651.58=0.01379FYFa2YSa22.531.62=0.01716F2齒輪的數(shù)值大。設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算2 1.5321.966104m30.5242 0.01716 1.5 mmmm1.551mm，即齒輪、完全嚙合的中心距，得：Z1 Zm(2

21、)=511.5x(Z11.2Z12)=51Z1=31,Z2=37惰輪軸與工作軸的中心距為 61.5mm，即齒輪與齒輪完全嚙合時(shí)中心距，即Z1 Z 3m()=61.521. Z3=4537Z32)=61.5幾何尺寸計(jì)算計(jì)算分度圓直徑： d1=Z1d2=Z2d3=Z3計(jì)算中心中距a=51mm,a=61.5mm計(jì)算齒輪齒寬b d d1 0.5 67.5 33.75mm取 B3 35mm, B2 30mm, B3 25mm驗(yàn)算21.966104Ft=1 =819.2Nd148.0KA1819.2=b=35.66N/mm100N/mm第4章多軸箱的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與零部件的繪制多軸箱的傳動(dòng)方式為外嚙合，齒輪傳動(dòng)

22、的排列層次為一層。箱蓋、箱體和中間板結(jié)構(gòu)240mmx200mmHT20-40HT15-33.23mm28mm23mmHT15-33。多軸箱軸的設(shè)計(jì)主動(dòng)軸的設(shè)計(jì)軸材料的選擇文獻(xiàn) 4表 15-3 軸材料選用 45 鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。軸徑的確定dA0P4(15-2)nA0=文獻(xiàn) 40.20.2T ，A0 取 110d110 x2.81360=13.9mm,取 d=25mm軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)選擇滾動(dòng)軸承因?yàn)檩S承同時(shí)受有徑向載荷及軸向載荷，故前、后端均選用單列向心球軸承，由表 1-14文獻(xiàn) 3，選用 7204c 軸承。軸上各段直徑，長(zhǎng)度如圖 5 所示。鍵的確定文獻(xiàn) 4因?yàn)辇X輪寬為 35mm,所以選用 8x7x22

23、平鍵，表 6-1確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸參考表 15-2文獻(xiàn) 4 ，取軸端倒角 2x450,各軸肩的圓角半徑為 R=1.0mm.按彎扭合成校核軸的強(qiáng)度作出軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖軸上扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩為P2.8M=9549x=9549x=19.7N n1360周向力為2M219.7Py=d= 20 10 3 =1970N徑向力為Pz=0.48 Py=0.48x1970=945.6NMyMzEETM17235.4217235.42M 2 M 2 M 2yz45=39.3Nm s 文獻(xiàn) 5軸材料選用355鋼， s =355Mpa,許用應(yīng)力 =ns,s 為許用應(yīng)力安全系數(shù)，取s =1.5,則 = 1.5 =237Mpa按第

24、三強(qiáng)度理論進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核M 2 M 2 T 2公式，Wd3btd t2文獻(xiàn)4W為軸的抗彎截面系數(shù)，W=-(表15-4)322d3.1423522522W=32225M 2 T 2M 2 T 239.3103 2 19.7103 2W.4=1533.2-105.8=1427.4=30.8MpaS=1.5故安全截面 E 右側(cè)面校核：抗彎截面系數(shù) W 為：W=0.1d3=0.1x203=800mm3TW：W=0.2d3=0.2x203=1600mmTM:M=39300 x77.5 7.5 =35496.8N 77.5bM.8=44.4MpaW扭矩 T3 及扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力T 為：T3=19700 N mmT

25、=12.3MpaWT 文獻(xiàn) 4截面上由于軸肩而形成的理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) a 及 a 按附表 3-2 查取，因r1.0D25=0.05,=1.252.33 1.66d20d203-1文獻(xiàn)？可得軸提材料的敏性系數(shù)為：q 0.75 ,q 0.81文獻(xiàn) 4故有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)按式（附3-4）k 1 17533 2 k 1 1816653由附圖3-2文獻(xiàn)4 得尺寸系數(shù)1文獻(xiàn) 4由附圖 3-3得扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸系數(shù) 0.97文獻(xiàn) 4軸按磨削加工，由附圖 3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為 = =0.92 q，則按式（3-12）及（3-12），得綜合系數(shù)值為：K = - 1 -1= 2 +11=2.091普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通

26、鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 20K = + 11.53-1=11=1.670.97計(jì)算安全系數(shù)：S =1275=2.96Ka K2.09 44.4 0.1 0S =1155=14.7Ka1.67 12.3 0.05 12.322Sca=S S2.9614.72.9622.96214.72=2.9S=1.5SS22SS22機(jī)床一般傳動(dòng)軸的滾動(dòng)軸承失效形式，主要是疲勞破壞，故應(yīng)進(jìn)行疲勞壽命計(jì)算。滾動(dòng)軸承疲勞壽命計(jì)算公式：106 C 文獻(xiàn) 4Lh 60n P （10-5）式中： Lh 額定壽命(h)n 轉(zhuǎn)速(r / min)C 額定動(dòng)載荷(n)，表 3.8-50文獻(xiàn) 6P 動(dòng)載荷 3因?yàn)?/p>

27、所受的軸向力太小，所以忽略不計(jì),Fa=0所受徑向力 Fr=945.6/2=472.8N 表 3.8-50文獻(xiàn) 6P=0.41Fr+0.87Pa=0.41x472.8=193.8Lh 10614500 3h 641098h601360 193.8h=30000h 文獻(xiàn) 6軸承安全惰軸的設(shè)計(jì)軸材料的選擇表 15-3軸材料選用 45 鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。軸徑的確定dA0P(15-2)n 文獻(xiàn) 4=1102.813600.8413600.84 14.8 ，取 d=20mm軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：選擇滾動(dòng)軸承文獻(xiàn) 3因?yàn)檩S承同時(shí)受有徑向載荷及軸向載荷選用單列向心球軸承表1-14,選用7002c軸上各段直徑，長(zhǎng)度如圖 8

28、 所示。鍵的確定普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 29文獻(xiàn) 4因?yàn)辇X輪寬為 30mm,所以選用 6x6x18 平鍵，表 6-1軸上圓角和倒角尺寸文獻(xiàn) 4參考表 15-2，取軸端倒角 2x450,各軸肩的圓角半徑為 R=1.0mm.扭合成校核軸的強(qiáng)度作出軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖軸上扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩為PM=9549x n =9549x周向力為2.899%=23.2N m2M2 23.2Py= d = 20 10 3 =2320N徑向力為 Pz=0.48 Py=0.48x2320=1113.6NMyMz10EETMT=23.2N m ;MM2yMM2y2z15.4232.22=32.8N

29、 m文獻(xiàn) 5按第三強(qiáng)度理論進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核:M 2 M 2 T 2公式，dd3bt 文獻(xiàn) 4t2W為軸的抗彎截面系數(shù)，W=-(表15-4)t2322d3.14 203W=326202220=785-81=704M 2 T 232.8M 2 T 232.8103 23.210322W=70MpaS=1.5故安全截面 E 右側(cè)面校核：抗彎截面系數(shù) W 為：W=0.1d3=0.1x153=337.5mm3TW：W=0.2d3=0.2x153=675mmTM:M=32800 x =22707.7N 39bM.7=67.3MpaW337.5T3 及扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力T 為：T3=23200N T =WT=34.4Mp

30、a675 文獻(xiàn) 4截面上由于軸肩而形成的理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) a 及 a 按附表 3-2 查取，因r1.0D20=0.07,=1.332.12 1.60d15d153-1文獻(xiàn)？可得軸提材料的敏性系數(shù)為：q 0.75 ,q 0.81故有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)按式（3-4）4 k 1 1751284k 1 1816049由附圖3-2文獻(xiàn)4 得尺寸系數(shù)1文獻(xiàn) 4由附圖 3-3得扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸系數(shù) 1.0文獻(xiàn) 4軸按磨削加工，由附圖 3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為 = =0.92q 1，則按式（3-12）及（3-12）4q，得綜合系數(shù)值為：K = 11.84-1=11=1.931K = + 11.49-1=11=1.581計(jì)算

31、安全系數(shù)：S =1275=2.12Ka K1.93 67.3 0.1 0S =1155=5.53K1.58 34.4 0.05 34.422SS22caS SS22ca2.12 5.532.1222.1225.532=1.99S=1.5靜強(qiáng)度校核。因?yàn)樗艿妮S向力太小，所以忽略不計(jì),Fa=0 所 受 徑 向 力 Fr=1113.6/2=556.8n P=0.41Fr+0.87Pa=0.41x556.8=228.3N7002c 向心球軸承校核Lh 1066600 3h 348604h6013600.84228.3h=30000h 文獻(xiàn) 6軸承安全（3）工作軸的設(shè)計(jì)軸材料的選擇表 15-3軸材料選

32、用 45 鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。軸徑的確定在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算中已的工作軸的直徑定為 d=15mm。軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：擇滾動(dòng)軸承因?yàn)檩S承同時(shí)受有徑向載荷及軸向載荷，故前、后端均選用單列向心球軸承，又因工作軸用于鉆滾動(dòng)軸承文獻(xiàn) 3削，在后端加單向推力球軸承。由表1-14，單列向心球軸承選用102球軸承選用 8102 軸承。各段直徑，長(zhǎng)度如圖 11 所示。鍵的確定文獻(xiàn) 4因?yàn)辇X輪寬為 25mm,所以選用 5x5x20 平鍵，表 6-1軸上圓角和倒角尺寸文獻(xiàn) 4參考表 15-2，取軸端倒角 2x450,各軸肩的圓角半徑為 R=0.8mm.扭合成校核軸的強(qiáng)度作出軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖軸上扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩為M=9549x P =9

33、549x2.8 99% 99% =27.3N mn周向力為2M227.3960Py=d=10 3 =3640N徑向力為Pz=0.48 Py=0.48x3640=1754.5NMyMz13EETMT=27.3N m ;MM2yMM2y2z23.7249.22=54.6N m文獻(xiàn) 5按第三強(qiáng)度理論進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核:MM2 T2公式W，d3btd t2文獻(xiàn)4W為軸的抗彎截面系數(shù)，W=-(表15-4)322d3141351522W=32MM2 T2W21554.61054.6103 27.31023 2274 .9=331.2-56.3=274.9=222MpaS=1.5故安全S2S2S2抗彎截面系數(shù) W

34、 為：W=0.1d3=0.1x153=337.5mm3TW：W=0.2d3=0.2x153=675mmT彎矩 M 及彎曲應(yīng)力為:M=54600 N mmMb=161。8Mpa337.5扭矩T3 及扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力T 為：T3=27300 N mmWT=WT675=40.4Mpa文獻(xiàn) 4在附表 3-4文獻(xiàn) 4由附圖 3-2文獻(xiàn) 4由附圖 3-3用插入法求得軸上鍵槽處的有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)：k 0 ,k 1.54 得尺寸系數(shù) 0.88得扭轉(zhuǎn)尺寸 1文獻(xiàn) 4軸按磨削加工，由附圖 3-4得表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)為 = =0.92q 1，則按式（3-12）及（3-12）4 ，得綜合系數(shù)值為：qK =1-11=0.090.92

35、K = + 11.54-1=11=1.631計(jì)算安全系數(shù)：S =1275=18.89K0.09 161.8 0.1 0S =1155=4.57K1.63 40.4 0.05 40.422SS22caS SS22ca18.89 4.5718.89218.8924.572=4.4S=1.5靜強(qiáng)度校核。機(jī)床一般傳動(dòng)軸的滾動(dòng)軸承失效形式，主要是疲勞破壞，故應(yīng)進(jìn)行疲勞壽命計(jì)算。36102由第一章可知主動(dòng)軸的軸向力 Fa=4.091N所受徑向力Fr=1754.5/2=877.25N表3.8-50) 文獻(xiàn)6P=0.41Fr+0.87Pa=0.41x877.25+0.87x4.091=363.2N106 62

36、50L 883839h=30000h13-3)h60960363.2h軸承安全8102普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 31P=Fa (表 3.8-54)jj P=4.091N106105003 文獻(xiàn) 6hhL =30000h13-3)hh60 960 4.091軸承安全軸坐標(biāo)計(jì)算為方便在多軸箱上鏜孔，因此進(jìn)行軸坐標(biāo)計(jì)算是十分重要的。14220 x180mm,在多軸箱中心安裝主動(dòng)軸，則主動(dòng)軸坐，0第5章導(dǎo)向裝置的設(shè)計(jì)51 導(dǎo)向裝置組成導(dǎo)向裝置主要由導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套、彈簧組成。導(dǎo)柱的上端與多軸箱中間板上的導(dǎo)套滑動(dòng)配合，下端安裝在夾具的鉆模板上。（1） 選擇彈簧用 四 根

37、 彈 簧 支 撐 整 個(gè) 多 軸 箱 ， 粗 略 估 算 多 軸 箱 重 量 ：G 9.8 103 240 200 58 50109 9.8 497.9N每根彈簧負(fù)荷：F=124.5N12)7 D2 16.0mm,節(jié)距t ，彈簧絲直徑d ，工作圈數(shù)n Ho 140mm .導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套的選擇導(dǎo)柱材料為Gcr 15, 直徑 16mm,長(zhǎng) 303mm20第6章接桿刀具接桿一端為梯形螺紋，與主動(dòng)軸的內(nèi)孔滑動(dòng)配合，通過鍵傳遞扭矩。在梯形螺紋段并設(shè)計(jì)有斜面，以便調(diào)整接桿的延伸量來補(bǔ)償?shù)毒叩哪p量。接桿另一端的莫氏錐孔與刀具的莫氏錐柄相配合。外 文 文 獻(xiàn)It is the new-type inject b

38、y shaping technologyinject by shaping altogether( inject shaping of at corelayers)Adoptandinjectshapinghelpandobserveandmakeoneuniquestructurealtogether.firstof plastic is injected and fill and enter some types first, then the plastic: second follow first inject person who enter one and keep initial

39、 to drive pressure field of flowing closely. At epidermis district andcorethesizesofone,measureandpublishfirstandthematerialsquantitiesofsecondaccording tocorrectproportionaterelationship,Makeoneatfirstcompleteatsecondtomakeoneparcel appearancecoreeach.Inaddition,incosmeticsapplication,thematerialis

40、putaftersecondmaterial injecting to have first of epidermis of the small part, So that the epidermis of the part of the runner can be totally closed. Inject making one of shaping altogether with the resin of 2 kinds of different colors, form a piece of a layer of blocks of epidermis and core apt to

41、distinguish (Realize inject shaping one as much as all have and have and one very much important this core similar epidermis. )If there is not advanced detection technique, usually difficult to distinguish the epidermis - core area and boundary of layer. Inject shaping a new technology altogether. B

42、ritish ici company began to use this technology in the1970searly,andhadmadethebasictheoryofincluding,Produceseveralpatents,suchasthe products and machinery equipment,etc. Now similar to mould mould sandwiches what has been adopted generally ici production technologies,last outer the materials of the

43、 epidermis at moulds and in layers is material different on core occasionally, So two a kind of material person who a certain one inclusives, and core require and have high radiations very, issue and steep shaping and retrieve performance of utilizing etc at 100% by layers of material. Should be fix

44、ed relatively by the excellent choice to select the material for use. After injecting the shaping technology and come out in 15 altogether, can really just popularize and popularize . One a kind of adoptions inject the thick teeth of shaping fails and produces horizontal cross-section altogether. Ma

45、terial to pack nylon epidermis, and pearl material pack the nylon at - - glass layers of material core. A rate that shrinks material of pearl of glass is extremely low in core one, have good size stabilities. Nylon prevent pearl from grains of material easy problem of denuding that produces by epide

46、rmis person who give good andlubricated普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 PAGE PAGE 37tooth tooth gear wheel. Already developed several kinds and processed the method of improvingnew-typly at present on the basis of the basic theory of injecting shaping altogether. At however, in the mould and gas assist paint

47、mould mould. Mould have and paint processing method to adopt low molecular weight polymers as the outer material, Gas assist mould mould shaping to adopt the nitrogen oranotherkindofgasasthecoreone(orcoreones)material.Produceandprocessequipmentconstant to perfect and improve, satisfy of different us

48、e newly and the new technologies demands with product design, Inject technology and will become the rich and potential industrialized extensive production technology methodaltogether.inject by - it compressshapingInject and compress shaping move perpendicular on dividing into mould line direction by

49、 medium-sized s of walls at -. Adopt the method at the shaping, fill mould stage and produce pressure drive melting body flow according to process, But this flowed the degree of depth of one meltedvariably. At flowing one deeply relatively, pressure drop relatively low, so that heavy areas make piec

50、es of shaping excessive to pigeonhole melting body, And has prevented the material in the twinkling of an eye from responding, these 2 kinds of factors will hinder the flow of the melting body equally. It injects formingprocesstypemakepiecesofthe14%softhicknessfinallybysofdegreeofdepth,Afterthe plas

51、tic has been packed 60% - 75% of the type roughly, stop injecting, a of walls of mould is bulldozed at the same time , Until make the wall original shaping of one finally. The final size of making one is defined at this stage . If at mould wall at process fulling of more type before moving, this kin

52、d of technology is usually called and cast and press shaping. On the whole, cast and press shaping to adopt pressure that become to making one go on and protect and pigeonhole in one a piece of variable the type ones of volumeses. Cast and press stage to increase the stages of density, density and t

53、hen in lying between and solid state plastic change melting body. Adopt and cast and press way shaping pre- pressingdiscs,remainingstressdegreeofminimising,Makepiecesofhaveremainstressproduceand becomephenomenonofrefracting.Itcastandpressshapingimprovementtypeactivitiestypestypesfor kinds of new tec

54、hnology in s of walls,inject its make. Already someone call outside gas to assist shaping law the method, actually these are a kind of misunderstanding, Because the gas has not influenced the melting body flow in type of plastic . During routine inject shaping, protecting and press is while a of vol

55、ume of keeping type does not change , Under the function that the pressure flows, add and enter more plastics. Unite, Being emerged by the runner position of the high pressure and making a defect puters supplementaryshapingAdopt computer assist project( cae) design and analyse and help and shorten d

56、esign cycle and prevent cost from expensive mechanical fault processing. Commercial emulations daily to indicate size on flowing one code, melt material flows in flowing dishes of system and type with balance, The figure of offeredding and put bestly and runner defining runner at the same time . Cal

57、culate pressure of injecting and shut mould want at different processing terms and material fix by tonnage. And warping rate combine initial to flow into too very accurate to estimate out person who shrink. What is important is and want and make the design tool help and analyse personnel process and

58、 go on the operation judged while studying or in a certain plan of design skillfully. Understand at results and cant process in orderthat it is by research object /materials from prerequisite. After consider adopting this kind of method accurate data-in , can make enormous benefit . In addition, eco

59、nomic make design cycle not to be short and needs produce shorter time the analysis. The one that should point out is, commercial cae procedures usually cant be used directly. It fills and imitate and produce valuable experience but the result must rethink its limitation to estimate again . Use mode

60、rn computers go on and inject shaping simulated test and limited to pure viscidity fluids only( include the melting plastic of viscoplasticity ). One actual flow form measurable melting body person who flow intoes and performance announce etc. structure by speed, If can carry on the viscoplasticity