浙江版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題三《形容詞和副詞（講解練）》教與學(xué)

1、專題三 形容詞和副詞高考英語 浙江專用考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一形容詞一、形容詞的基本用法1.形容詞的定義形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞(或代詞)的一類詞。2.形容詞在句子中的作用形容詞在句中可用作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語、狀語等。These are valuable suggestions.這些是寶貴的建議。(形容詞作前置定語)I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。(形容詞作后置定語)The film was very interesting.那部影片非常有趣。(形容詞作表語)Who left the door open?誰沒關(guān)門?(形容詞作補(bǔ)語)He

2、 returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然無恙。(形容詞作狀語)二、形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級一般加 -er或 -eststrong強(qiáng)壯的stronger較強(qiáng)壯的 strongest最強(qiáng)壯的以字母e結(jié)尾只加 -r,-stlate晚的later較晚的latest最晚的以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音,雙寫這一輔音字母后再加 -er,-esthot熱的 thin瘦的hotter更熱的thinner較瘦的hottest最熱的thinnest最瘦的以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,將y變?yōu)閕,再加 -er,-estangry生氣的ugly丑的

3、early早的angrier較生氣的uglier較丑的earlier較早的angriest最生氣的ugliest最丑的earliest最早的其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在形容詞前加more或mostenthusiastic熱情的more enthusiastic更熱情的most enthusiastic最熱情的注意詞尾為“元音字母+y”時,y不變,直接加 -er或 -est。greygreyergreyest有少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞以及以 -er及 -le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級形式。commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most commoncleverclev

4、erer/more clevercleverest/most cleversimplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple在原級形容詞之前加less,least而構(gòu)成的比較級與最高級稱為“較低級”與“最低級”形式。kindless kindleast kindusefulless usefulleast useful一些復(fù)合形容詞的比較等級well-knownbetter-knownbest-known有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,故沒有比較級和最高級。如:right正確的,wrong錯誤的,excellent 最好的,final最

5、后的,last最后的,possible可能的,first第一的,east東方的,empty空的,wooden木制的。原級比較級最高級good,well(身體好)betterbestbadworseworstfarfarther(指距離:更遠(yuǎn)的);further(指距離:更遠(yuǎn)的,等同于farther;指程度:更深入的)farthest(指距離:最遠(yuǎn)的);furthest(指距離:最遠(yuǎn)的,等同于farthest;指程度:最深入的)oldolder(指年齡、新舊:較老的、較舊的;指血緣:年紀(jì)較長的,此時等同于elder);elder(指血緣:年紀(jì)較長的)oldest(指年齡、新舊:最老的、最舊的;指

6、血緣:最年長的,此時等同于eldest);eldest(指血緣:最年長的)2.不規(guī)則變化三、構(gòu)成形容詞的常見后綴1.名詞+-ywindwindy有風(fēng)的flowerflowery花香的rainrainy多雨的2.動詞+-ableenjoyenjoyable令人愉快的comfortcomfortable舒適的3.名詞+-alnationnational國家的educationeducational教育的magicmagical魔術(shù)的additionadditional附加的4.名詞+-enwoodwooden木制的goldgolden金色的5.動詞+-entdifferdifferent不同的in

7、sistinsistent堅(jiān)持的6.名詞+-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的selfselfish自私的boyboyish頑皮可愛的childchildish孩子氣的7.動詞+-iveactactive積極的impressimpressive印象深刻的8.名詞+-fulpowerpowerful強(qiáng)有力的peacepeaceful和平的sorrowsorrowful悲傷的wonderwonderful精彩的helphelpful有幫助的faithfaithful忠誠的shameshameful可恥的thankthankful感謝的9.名詞+-ousdangerdangerous危險的coura

8、gecourageous勇敢的10.名詞+-lyfriendfriendly友好的orderorderly有秩序的timetimely及時的monthmonthly每月的yearyearly每年的lovelovely可愛的(詳見本書“附錄一”)題組訓(xùn)練根據(jù)漢語提示或用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子Your paper should include something new in this area(在這個領(lǐng)域有新意的東西).I have something important to tell you(重要的事情告訴你).The river is twenty kilometers long(二十

9、公里長).Their performance is really impressive (impress). The tiger is really dangerous(danger). Youd better keep away from it.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly (friend) but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others.What was soimpressive(impress)about Jasmine Westland

10、s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.It is made up of natural(nature)materials.考點(diǎn)二副詞一、副詞的基本用法1.副詞的定義副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞及全句的詞。2.副詞在句子中的作用副詞可用作狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語等。He studies very hard.他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。(副詞very修飾另一個副詞hard;副詞hard修飾動詞studies)She is a very smart girl.她是一個非常聰明的女孩兒。(副詞very修飾形容詞sm

11、art)Fortunately, his stepmother was kind to him.幸運(yùn)的是,他的繼母對他不錯。(副詞fortunately修飾整個句子)二、副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化:與形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。2.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指距離)further(指距離和抽象概念)farthest(指距離)furthest(指距離和抽象概念)情況構(gòu)成例詞一般情況加-lyquickquickly bravebravelyi

12、mmediateimmediately輔音字母+y結(jié)尾將y改為i再加-lyeasyeasily,happyhappilyheavyheavily,busybusilyle結(jié)尾去e加-ysimplesimplygentlegently元音字母+e結(jié)尾去e加-lytruetrulyll結(jié)尾只加-yfullfully,dulldullyic結(jié)尾加-allybasicbasicallyscientificscientifically三、形容詞+-ly構(gòu)成副詞的規(guī)則四、易混副詞用法1.ago,before(1)ago指的是從現(xiàn)在算起若干時間之前。這個時間狀語常與一般過去時連用。I graduated f

13、rom the college twenty years ago.20年前我畢業(yè)于這所大學(xué)。(2)before表示從過去某一時間算起若干時間以前,由于與這一時間狀語連用的動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻之前,因此往往與過去完成時態(tài)連用。She said that she had married him five years before.她說5年前她嫁給了他。(3)如果不具體表明多長時間以前,只用before不用ago,意為“從前,以前”。He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before. 他問我以前是否去過長城。題組訓(xùn)練用ago,befor

14、e填空The stone bridge was built some 800 years ago.I called him up last night, but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before.I have read the passage before, but forget where and when. 2.ever,onceever和once都有“曾經(jīng)”的意思。區(qū)別:(1)ever主要用來談過去發(fā)生的動作,多用于疑問句中,常常和完成時連用。(2)once則表示有過某種經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷,用于肯定句中,常用于一般過

15、去時中。題組訓(xùn)練用ever,once填空Have you ever been to Beijing?He once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on the children. 3.as well,also,too,either(1)as well通常用于肯定句,一般放在句末,不用逗號和前面的句子隔開;(2)also通常用于肯定句,一般放在句中,其位置大多放在be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,實(shí)義動詞之前;(3)too通常用于肯定句,一般放在句末,可用逗號和前面的句子隔開,也可不用;either通常用于否定句,一般放在句末。題組訓(xùn)練

16、用either,too,also,as well 填空The boss went thereas well.He also speaks Spanish.He speaks Spanish, too.I dont like the red shirt and I dont like the green one either.4.nearly,almost,hardly(1)almost 可以與any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 卻不能跟這些詞搭配。在表達(dá)中也經(jīng)常用hardly any,hardly anybody 來代替almost no,almost

17、nobody。Almost nobody came to the party.=Hardly anybody came to the party.幾乎沒人來參加這個聚會。You can find the meaning of almost any word here.在這里你可以找到幾乎任何一個詞的意義。(2)否定詞not 可放在nearly 之前,構(gòu)成not nearly結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一點(diǎn)兒也不,相差甚遠(yuǎn)”,但沒有not almost結(jié)構(gòu)。She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.她一點(diǎn)兒也沒有她妹妹漂亮。(3)almost 和nearly 都可用于修飾具有極端之意的形容詞,但卻不能用于修飾不具有極端之意的形