浙江版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題十七《概要寫作（試題練）》教與學(xué)

1、高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)PAGE PAGE 24學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)很重要。專題十七概要寫作探考情 悟真題【考情探究】考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容考查方式考情分析2019-062018-112018-062017-112017-06概要寫作1.對(duì)原文主旨及要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;2.概括要點(diǎn)時(shí)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯應(yīng)用的準(zhǔn)確性;3.文章上下文的連貫性;4.各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性。提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要如何有效表?yè)P(yáng)孩子建議參觀要去讀的大學(xué)分析解讀根據(jù)高考綜合改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)英語(yǔ)科目考試說(shuō)明,寫作的第二節(jié)是讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作。兩種形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。新高考實(shí)行的六次考試中,前四次是讀后續(xù)寫

2、,最近的兩次是概要寫作。從概要寫作的特點(diǎn)和考試的次數(shù)分布情況看,今后考到概要寫作的可能性還是很大的。概要寫作是綜合性的寫作考查。要求考生首先對(duì)原文章有準(zhǔn)確的理解,對(duì)原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和要點(diǎn)有準(zhǔn)確的把握,然后再用準(zhǔn)確、豐富的語(yǔ)言以及高級(jí)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)寫出包含所有要點(diǎn)的短文。所以,考生要想做好這道題,就必須注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)準(zhǔn)確理解文章。(2)把握文章的各個(gè)要點(diǎn)。(3)使用準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的詞匯和合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。(4)使用自己的語(yǔ)言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子?！菊骖}探秘】真題再現(xiàn)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Its a really good idea to visit colleg

3、es before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校園)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It see

4、ms a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you

5、 can to make sure you are making the right one.概要寫作的文章一般都是說(shuō)明文或議論文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚,段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系也很緊密。文章第一段開門見(jiàn)山,提出觀點(diǎn):在你申請(qǐng)大學(xué)之前,要去親自看看目標(biāo)大學(xué)。第二段特別指出一定要去看看附近的大學(xué)。第三段的內(nèi)容是:如果你在申請(qǐng)之前沒(méi)有去過(guò),在申請(qǐng)之后,或得到offer之前,一定要去看看,免得將來(lái)后悔。第四段的主要內(nèi)容是:如果無(wú)法親自去參觀的話,可以登錄網(wǎng)站了解相關(guān)的信息。Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact

6、, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time betwe

7、en applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossibl

8、e, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顧問(wèn)), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an a

9、ctual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.參考范文It is a wise choice for you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to,especially the ones tha

10、t are close to you.(要點(diǎn)1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the college you decided to attend.(要點(diǎn)2)If all the above is not affordable, it will be helpful to search the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要點(diǎn)3)范文鑒賞1.范文準(zhǔn)確地把握了各個(gè)段落

11、的要點(diǎn)。2.各個(gè)要點(diǎn)之間的連接都很順暢,相互關(guān)系密切。3.文章使用了比較高級(jí)的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)。如:It is a wise choice;you are applying to;that are close to you;avoid being regretful;not affordable;where you can get the necessary information。破考點(diǎn) 練考向【五年高考】Writing (2019浙江6月)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, au

12、thor of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too

13、 much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giv

14、ing too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused

15、on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing

16、on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the

17、 effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report. But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相稱的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it. 答案寫作提示1.本文是一

18、篇議論文。文章論述了如何有效表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的問(wèn)題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,論點(diǎn)明確。2.文章第一段指出過(guò)度的表?yè)P(yáng)不利于孩子的成長(zhǎng)。第二段認(rèn)為不表?yè)P(yáng)孩子也不好。第三段指出了表?yè)P(yáng)的核心:要關(guān)注過(guò)程而非結(jié)果。最后一段指出,我們要表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的努力,不必太過(guò)關(guān)注結(jié)果。3.針對(duì)此類文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先對(duì)文章的總體內(nèi)容給予介紹。One possible version:How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong

19、 way may have opposite effects on children.(要點(diǎn)1) On the other hand, no praise also does harm to kids development.(要點(diǎn)2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather than the end product.(要點(diǎn)3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids proper effort, regardless of the result.

20、(要點(diǎn)4)【三年模擬】A組20182020年模擬基礎(chǔ)題組Writing 1(2020屆浙江之江教育聯(lián)盟一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。An old saying goes that a near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. This saying has fully proved that neighbors are so significant in our life.In the past,neighbors helped one another build houses and clear fields.T

21、hey could offer timely help when someone was in trouble.Families depended on one another for friendship and entertainment. They shared happiness and sorrow from time to time, which brought a harmonious atmosphere.However, nowadays, lack of communication and interaction between neighbors is the norm.

22、 Close relationship between neighbors is not common in our cities. A family may not even know the other families that live next door to them.We live in an age of machines and the Internet,and each family has its own car, TV set, and washing machine. People no longer depend on neighbors as much as th

23、ey once did. Machines and the Internet keep people apart.In our grandparents time,women met while they hung out the washing, and men stopped and talked while they mowed their lawns. Today, they cant hear anything above the noise of their power lawnmowers.And women stay inside with their electrical d

24、ryers. Children are inside watching their favorite TV shows or playing computer games.Is the idea of being a good neighbor old-fashioned? In 1965, a power cut hit New York City, and thousands of people were left helpless.Suddenly everyone shared the same problem,and the largest city became a group o

25、f eight million neighbors. People with cars offered rides to those walking. Other people helped direct traffic. Trapped in elevators,people played word games and helped keep each other in good spirits. In times of trouble, people still depend on one another. As time goes on, people may once again fe

26、el that being a good neighbor is important. 答案寫作提示本文是說(shuō)明文,文章介紹了過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的鄰里關(guān)系。文章第一段指出了鄰居的重要性。第二段介紹了過(guò)去美好的鄰里關(guān)系。第三段介紹了現(xiàn)在的鄰居關(guān)系。最后一段,通過(guò)描寫紐約市的一次停電事故發(fā)生后人們的表現(xiàn),展示了做一名好鄰居的重要性。寫作時(shí),應(yīng)依據(jù)自然段概括要點(diǎn)。One possible version:Neighbors play an important role in our life.(要 點(diǎn) 1)In the past, neighbors helped one another and lived

27、a harmonious life. (要點(diǎn) 2)Admittedly,owing to devices and the Internet, neighbors drift apart, resulting in little contact between each other now. (要點(diǎn) 3)Nevertheless,undergoing a power failure enabled residents in New York City to become neighbors, and they assisted and encouraged one another, which

28、illustrates the significance and popularity of being a good neighbor.(要點(diǎn) 4)Writing 2(2020屆浙江嘉興一模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Did you know that 60.2% of US families own dogs? Thats about million families. Besides being a faithful companion, these friends also provide many health benefits that can be tr

29、uly life-changing for your fitness and wellness.Most dogs need to do their business outside many times per day, so you are up and moving more often than non-pet people. A dog owner spends 300 minutes per week walking on average, compared to a non-pet persons 168 minutes. Frequent daily exercise lowe

30、rs your blood pressure and reduces your chances of suffering from heart disease.Your physical health isnt the only thing that gets better with a companion dog. You can also improve your mental well-being. People suffering from anxiety find it helpful to have a dog on hand thats happy to provide assi

31、stance. You can find many dogs operating as emotional support animals, and helping people in stressful situations feel better. If your dog is very active, you could find yourself taking your friend all over the place. If you take your dog to the forest, you actually lower your tendency to suffer neg

32、ative feelings. A study discovered that the part of the brain that is most active when you deal with negative things calms down when you spend time among the trees.The dog ownership routine allows you to build healthy habits and it also gives you the opportunity to make social connections. Dog parks

33、 are filled with people you share a common interest with, and there are plenty of people who love to give dogs a friendly pat(輕拍)during walks. All of these are opportunities to have new great friendships and other emotional connections. 答案寫作提示本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了養(yǎng)狗的好處。文章第一段提出中心論點(diǎn)。第二段至第四段分別就中心論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述。注意把握

34、各段的核心詞。One possible version:Many US families have dogs and these companion animals help improve peoples health in many ways. (要點(diǎn)1) Taking the dog for a walk every day contributes to physical health. (要點(diǎn)2) Besides, dogs, which can offer people emotional support or get them close to nature, bring psyc

35、hological benefits. (要點(diǎn)3) They also provide more chances of positive social interaction with people of the same interest. (要點(diǎn)4)Writing 3(2019浙江寧波二模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite song

36、s. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat wil

37、l do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing tha

38、t music really has such an effect on people? Of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people.Scientists at the University of Missouri have found th

39、at listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.Other studies have shown that upbeat music isnt t

40、he only type of music that can be helpful,however. When people are sad or have suffered a sense of loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鳴) with the listeners. Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit fr

41、om listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if youre in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations. 答案寫作提示本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了音樂(lè)對(duì)人們的益處。文章段落清楚,要點(diǎn)明確。概要寫作時(shí)以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括。One possible version: Nowadays, with modern devices, music to

42、 your taste is easily accessible.(要點(diǎn)1) With its power, music might benefit you in many ways.(要點(diǎn)2) Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of musics effects on humans.(要點(diǎn)3) Scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up.(要點(diǎn)4) Besides, sad music and an

43、gry music have also been found to be helpful.(要點(diǎn)5)Writing 4(2019浙江溫州二模)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。For many high school students, giving an in-class presentation is an approach to their growth. Teachers will call up students, one by one, to present their work in front of the class, and, though it is o

44、ften tense, many people say it has helped turn them into more confident public speakers. Some educators also credit it with building leadership skills and increasing students confidence and understanding of materials.But in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to in-class pre

45、sentations as they show discrimination against those with anxiety. This week, a tweet posted by a 15-year-old high school student declaring “Stop forcing students to present in front of the class and give them a choice not to” received more than 130,000 retweets and nearly half a million likes. In f

46、act, being a high schooler nowadays is more stressful than ever. Students are burdened with extra hours of homework. They stay up every night till 1:00 a.m. finishing homework on their third Red Bull. Anxiety is increasing at a faster rate than depression (抑郁) as the leading mental-health issue affe

47、cting teenagers, a recent study in the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics found.These students want more options. They say that every student has unique strengths and that they should be allowed to present their work in ways that are different to those strengths. This might mean pres

48、enting alone in front of the teacher, or choosing between several alternatives like producing a piece of art or an essay for private judgment instead of presenting their work orally.Educators have begun to take it seriously. They agree teachers should listen to students and hear their voices and res

49、pond. If students feelings are ignored, they might just walk away. However, not everyone is convinced. Some hold the view that pushing students out of comfort zones is a big part of what they should do as some students are deathly afraid to do it. 答案寫作提示本文為議論文。文章討論了課堂展示是否有益的問(wèn)題。概要以自然段為基礎(chǔ),注意攝取重點(diǎn)信息。One

50、 possible version:Giving an in-class presentation is generally considered an approach beneficial to students development.(要點(diǎn)1)However, in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to it due to the possible discrimination against those with anxiety, which puts great pressure on the

51、 students.(要點(diǎn)2)They say that every student has unique strengths and that they should be allowed to present their work in their ways.(要點(diǎn)3)Their idea has drawn educators serious attention.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing 5(2019浙江紹興柯橋聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if w

52、e constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we may attract outsiders to have an advantage over us, which may ultimately result in our failure. Unity is the source of strength and people who are united have the capability to tackle any kind of situation as they share each others burdens and har

53、dships.In olden days, man lived alone. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which sometimes gave opportunities to fierce animals to attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face some common danger and challenges. This is how villages go

54、t formed, which later got developed into towns and cities.In the sports ground, be it cricket, football, baseball, basketball or any other kinds of sport, a united team and an appropriate strategy may result in the success of the team; but if there is a conflict or an unhealthy competition or unnece

55、ssary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take advantage of their shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each other in every phase of life, no outsider can harm the family.There was once an old man who lived

56、 in a village with his three sons. The sons always fought with each other and would not pay any attention to their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he would die soon; he was very worried about the idea that once he died, people would take advantage of his sons conflicts. He called all his

57、sons and asked them to break a bundle of sticks, one by one. None of them could do it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick to each one of them asking them to break it, which they could very easily accomplish. He then told his sons that they should stay like the bundle of sticks so that no

58、one can break them, but if they keep on fighting, they will be broken by the outsiders easily. 答案寫作提示本文是一篇議論文。文章認(rèn)為,合作就能成功。注意把握要點(diǎn),可以參考部分段落中的中心句。One possible version:It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.(要點(diǎn)1)In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with danger and chal

59、lenges, thus villages formed and later developed into towns and cities.(要點(diǎn)2)Surely, unity has a great significance in peoples liveswhether in the sports ground or in a family.(要點(diǎn)3)The dying mans story of sticks also shows the importance of unity.(要點(diǎn)4)Writing 6(2019浙江新思維聯(lián)盟)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。P

60、unishing children is a controversial(有爭(zhēng)議的) topic. Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a childs behavior. People have disagreements about whether it is good for a childs education to punish him.The word “punish” means different things to different people. Punishment can be ph