廣東省廣州市2018屆高三4月綜合測(cè)試(二模)英語試題(WORD版)

1、2018年廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試（二）英語第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Rogerr-T-Rogerr-T-為WiniamsVisitorGuideandMap1000ElmwoodAvenue HYPERLINK ZooExhibitGameEachanimalexhibitwillhavenformationabouttheanimallocatedthere.Youwillgettolearnabouteachanimalshabitat

2、,theirconservationstatusandsomeotherquickfacts.Asyouexplorethezoocheckoffalltheendangeredanimalsyoudiscoverfromthelistbelow.FindthemallandwinafreeT-shirtoMountainGorillaoChineseAlligatoroSnowLeopardowhite-wingedWoodDuckoRedPandaoGiantTurtleoKoalaoTreeKangaroooRedwolfoTigerSnakeoAfricanWildDogoGiantA

3、nteaterThankyouforSiting.,Y町visithelpsflcipporfIbcrtofIXiflEmili.ZooMannersThezooisasmokefreeareaNoballoons,balls,bikes,orrollerskatesallowed.Petsarenotallowed-exceptingguidedogsforblindStayonthepathwaysanddonotplacechildrenonrailing.Donotthrowanythingintotheanimalexhibits.Pleasehelpourconservatione

4、ffortsbydepositingtrashandrecyclablesproperly.LostPersonsIfseparatedfromyourgroupaskanyzooemployeeorsecurityguardforimmediateassistance,orgodirectlytotheAdministrationBuildingreceptiondeskFacilitiesandServicesEnjoyadeliciousmealatoneofourtwoanimal-themedcaferestaurants.OurVisitorCentreofferscards,bo

5、oksandtoyssoyoucanalwaysrememberyoudayatthezoo.ThereisalsoanhourlyanimalpresentationneartheMainEntrancewhereyoucanlearnmoreabouttheanimals,petthemandeventakeapicturewiththemHowcanapersongetafreet-shirtatthezoo?AFollowallthezoorulesVisitallthezoosexhibitsBringalonganotherguestDIdentifyalltheanimalsin

6、danger.Whereshouldalostpersongoforhelp?MainEntranceVisitorCentreAdministrationBuilding.DNursingCentre.Whichofthefollowingisallowedatthezoo?ARidingyourbikeBTakingyourcameraC.FeedingtheanimalsDSmokingcigarettesBIsawitfirst,Amysaid,assherippedtheoldleatherwalletoutofCharlieshands.Withoutsayingaword,asi

7、ftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasasecrettheydidntwanttosharewithanyone,theyslippedintothealley,wherenoonecouldseethemlookinsideTheresgottobeamilliondollarshere!Charlieblurtedout,whentheysawthepileofhundred-dollarbills.Amy,themorerealisticofthetwo,didaquickestimate,thumbingthroughthewadofcash.Moreliketh

8、ousands”shesaid,hervoiceshakingindisbelief.Theydfoundthewalletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk,whenCharliedroppedhiscellphonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeatasliceofpepperonipizzaatthesametime.AmystuffedthewalletintoherbackpackandpulledCharliealongbyhiselbowtowardherhouse.AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue,theyta

9、lkedexcitedlyaboutwhattheycoulddowiththemoney-buygiftsforparentsandfriends,getnewclothes,traveltotherainforestinCostaRica,andadoptawhale.Itlookedlikealloftheirdreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock,however,theydidnttalk.Eachbegantosuspectthattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelistofthingstheycouldbuy.The

10、yfinallyreachedAmyshouse,butinsteadofgoinginside,theywalkedaroundthehousetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalletandcountedthemoneyintopilesoften.ThetotalwasS2400-moremoneythaneitherofthemhadeverseen.Thentheybothstartedtalkingatonce.IwonderwholostitTheirmoodsshifted,sinkingfromthehighofbeingrichforfifteen

11、minutestoresigningthemselvestowhattheymustdonext.Forinthewalletsclearplasticcompartment,therewasadriverslicense.Theyknewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughtheywouldlosetheirnewly-foundtreasure,inaway,theyfeltrelieved.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewallet?InanalleyBInabackpackC.AmongsomeflowersDOnthesidewalkInpara

12、graph2,whywasAmysvoiceshaking?ShewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenbyothersShewasdisappointedtherewasntamilliondollarsShewasfearfulthatCharliewouldtellsomeoneelseShefeltnervousbecauseshedneverseensomuchmoneyOntheirwaytoAmyshouse,thechildrensmoodchangedfromAexcitedtosuspicioushappytoangryCrelievedtoworried

13、nervoustodisappointedWhatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendofthestory?TokeepthemoneyasecretfromothersToreturnthewallettoitsrightfulownerToputthewalletbackwheretheyfoundit.D.Tobuymanydifferentthingswiththemoney.CAnarticlepublishedintheprestigiousscientificjournalNatureshedsnewlightonanimportant,butup-t

14、o-nowlittleappreciated,aspectofhumanevolution.InthisarticleProfessorsDennisBrambleandDanielLiebermansuggestthatbeingabletorunwasthenecessaryconditionforthedevelopmentofourspecieswhichenabledustocomedownfromthetrees.Thischallengestraditionalscientificthinking,whichclaimsthatthedistinctive,uprightbody

15、formofmodernhumanshascomeaboutasaresultoftheabilitytowalk,andthatrunningissimplyaby-productofwalking.Furthermore,humanshaveusuallybeenregardedaspoorrunnerscomparedtosuchanimalsasdogs,horsesordeer.However,thisisonlytrueifweconsiderrunningathighspeed,especiallyovershortdistances.Butwhenitcomestolong-d

16、istancerunning,humansdoastonishinglywell.Theycankeepasteadypaceformanykilometres,andtheiroverallspeedisatleastthesameasthatofhorsesordogsBrambleandLiebermanexamined26physicalfeaturesfoundinhumans.Oneofthemostinterestingoftheseisthenuchalligament（項(xiàng)韌帶）.Whenwerun,thisligamentpreventsourheadfrommovingba

17、ckandforthorfromsidetoside.Therefore,weareabletorunwithsteadyheads,heldhigh.Thenuchalligamentisnotfoundinanyothersurvivingprimates,suchasapesandmonkeys.ThenthereareourAchillestendons（跟腱）atthebacksofourlegs,whichconnectourcalfmusclestoourheelbonesandwhichhavenothingtodowithwalking.Whenwerun,thesetend

18、onsbehavelikesprings,helpingtopushusforward.Furthermore,wehavelow,wideshouldersvirtuallydisconnectedfromourskulls（顱骨），aphysicaldevelopmentwhichallowsustorunmoreefficiently.Butwhatevolutionaryadvantageisgainedfrombeinggoodlong-distancerunners?Perhapsitpermittedearlyhumanstoobtainfoodmoreeffectively.W

19、hatthesefeaturesandfactsappeartobetellingusisthatrunningevolvedinorderforourdirectancestorstocompetewithothermeat-eatinganimalsforaccesstotheproteinneededtogrowthebigbrainsthatweenjoytoday,saysLieberman.Somescientistsputforwardthetheorythatearlyhumanschasedanimalsforgreatdistancesinordertoexhaustthe

20、mbeforekillingthem.Researchonthehistoryofhumansabilitytomovehastraditionallybeencontroversial,saysLieberman.Attheveryleast,Ibelievethistheorywillmotivatemanyresearcherstoreevaluateandfurtherinvestigatehowhumanslearnedtorunandwalkandwhywearebuiltthewayweare.Inparagraph1,whatdothetwoprofessorssuggesta

21、bouthumansabilitytorun?Itisanevolutionaryby-productofwalking.Ithelpstoformpeoplesabilitytoclimbtrees.Ithasplayedanimportantroleinhumanevolution.Ithasnotbeenadequatelystudiedbyscientistsbefore.Whatistrueaboutthephysicalcharacteristicsexaminedbytheprofessors?Achillestendonsassistpeopletowalklongdistan

22、ces.Thehumanskullhelpspeopletorunmoreefficiently.peoplesshouldersallowthemtolookfromsidetoside.Thenuchalligamentenablespeopletoholdtheirheadsteady.Accordingtoparagraph3,scientistsbelievethatearlyhumans.alwayscameacrossdangeroussituationsinliferanafteranimalsforlongdistanceswhenhuntingCoftenfailedtof

23、indfoodbecausetheycouldntrunfastDdevelopedtheirhuntingskillsbyrunninglongdistancesProfessorLiebermanthinksthenewtheorywill.AcompletelyexplainhowrunningdevelopedBrevolutionizethetheoryofhumanevolutionencouragemorein-depthstudiesonthetopicbewidelysupportedwithinthescientificcommunityDScientistshavesol

24、vedthemysteryofwhytheoverwhelmingmajorityofmammothfossils（化石）aremale.Muchlikewildelephantstoday,youngmaleIceAgemammothsprobablytravelledaroundaloneandmoreoftengotthemselvesintoriskysituationswheretheyweresweptintorivers,orfellthroughiceorintomud,lakesorsinkholesthatpreservedtheirbonesforthousandsofy

25、ears,scientistssay.Females,ontheotherhand,travelledingroupsledbyanoldermatriarchwhoknewthelandscapeanddirectedhergroupawayfromdanger.Withoutthebenefitoflivinginaherdledbyanexperiencedfemale,malemammothshadamuchhigherriskofdyinginnaturaltrapssuchasmudholes,rockcracksandlakes,saidco-authorLoveDalenoft

26、heSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistoryinareportpublishedonThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiologyThestudyusedgeneticdatatodeterminethesexof98woollymammothfossilsinSiberiaResearchersfoundthat69%ofthesamplesweremale,aheavilyunbalancedsexratio,assumingthatthesexeswerefairlyevenatbirthWewereverysurprisedbecausether

27、ewasnoreasontoexpectasexbiasinthefossilrecord,saidfirstauthorPatriciaPecnerova,alsooftheSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory.Therefore,researchersbelievethatsomethingaboutthewaytheylivedinfluencedthewaytheydied.Mostbones,tusks,andteethfrommammothsandotherIceAgeanimalshaventsurvived,explainedDalenItishighly

28、likelythattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreservedbecausetheyhavebeenburied,andthusprotectedfromweathering.Thesegiant,tuskedplanteatersdisappearedabout4,000yearsago.Whilethereisnoscientificagreementaboutthecausesoftheirdisappearancefromtheplanet,mostbelievethatclimatechange,excessiv

29、ehuntingbyhumansandthespreadofotheranimalsintomammothfeedinggroundswereinfluentialfactors.Theunderlinedwordmatriarchinparagraph3means.figureheadB.femaleleaderCexperiencedanimalD.maturemammothWhydothemajorityofmammothfossilscomefrommaleanimals?Scientistsfinditeasiertostudymalefossilisedbones.Therewer

30、emoremalemammothsincomparisontofemalesCMalemammothswerebetterabletoadapttothechangingcircumstances.Malemammothsmorefrequentlydiedinplaceswherefossilscouldform.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedasareasonformammothsdyingout?A.Theincreasingcompetitionforfood.Thecoolingoftheearthstemperature.Thedisappearanc

31、eofmalemammoths.DTheriskybehaviourofyoungermammoths.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Anewspaperarticle.B.Anacademicessay.Ahistoricaldescription.D.Asciencefictionstory.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Marywentthroughapersonalexperience40yearsagothatchangedherlifepathandest

32、ablishedherconnectionwithChineseherbalmedicine.Stillchildlessafter13yearsofmarriage,Marylongedtobecomeamother.Foryearsshetravelledfromcountrytocountryandvisitedtopexpertsinthefield,butwithoutsuccess.36.However,herChineseherbalistgrandmothergaveherhopethroughaherbaltreatment.Afterthreeandahalfyearssh

33、ebecamepregnant.37Theexpectantmothersdelightwassharedbytherestofherfamilytoo.Thiswasthepointwhenshemadeuphermindtocarryonhergrandmothersworkanddevoteherlifetoherbalmedicineresearch,developmentandpromotion.Tothisend,sheinvestedinalargeherbalgardeninthesuburbsofJakarta,wheremorethan30,000plantsaregrow

34、n.38.Throughtheapplicationofgreateffortandresourcesovermany,manyyears,Maryscareerhasdevelopedvigorously,ashashergarden.39Whenshewasaskedwhetheriswasworthwhiletohavedevotedsomuchofherlifetothisresearch,shefirmlyresponded,“WhatIhavedoneistofulfillapromiseIoncemade.Moreimportantly,IwanttobringChinesehe

35、rbalmedicinetoallthoseinneed.40”A.Morethan7,000ofthesecanbeusedasmedicines.B.Themomentthenewswasconfirmed,sheburstintotearsofhappiness.Ibelieveitcanhelprelievepainandenablethesicktoregaintheirhopeoflife.MarydecidedtomakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChinesemedicine.Theheartbreakanddisappointme

36、ntwassogreatthatshecameclosetogivingup.ImsohappythatthelocalpeopleliketousecinCehifonretsreatmmedenit.Althoughsheisnow80yearsold,sheisstillcommittedtothestudyofChineseherbalmedicine第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑Thewayinwhichchil

37、drenlearnisanever-growingareaofstudy.Itis41thatchildrendifferfromadultlearnersinmanyways,butwhatisinterestingisthattherearealsoquiteanumberofunexpected42acrosslearnersofallagesFormuchofthe20thcentury,mostpsychologists43thetraditionaltheorythatanewbornsmindisa/an44sheetofpaperuponwhichtherecordofexpe

38、rienceisgraduallyimpressed.Duringthattime,scientistsbelievedthatoral45wasnecessaryforabstractthought.Inits46,scientistsassumedthatababycouldnothave47ofabstractconcepts.Asbabiesarebornwitha/an48rangeofbehaviorsandspendmostoftheirearlymonthssleeping,theycertainlyappearpassiveand49.Therefore,itwascommo

39、nlythoughtthatbabies50theabilitytoformcomplexideas.Untilrecently,therewasnoobviouswayforbabiestoproveanythingtothe_51_totheresearcherIntime,however,challengestothis52arose.Itbecameclearthatwith53designedscientificprocedures,psychologistscouldfindwaysto54rathercomplexquestionabouthowmuchinfantsandyou

40、ngchildrenknowandwhat55theyhave.Psychologistsbegantoemploynewmethodsto56alargeamountofdataabouttheremarkableabilitiesthatyoungchildren57.Theirresearchfindingsstoodingreatcontrasttotheearlier58inthefieldthatfocusedalmost59onwhatchildrenlacked.The60ofyoungchildrencametolifethroughthisresearch.Itbecame

41、clearthatveryyoungchildrenarebothcompetentandactivewhenitcomestotheirmentaldevelopment.41.AdoubtfulB.necessaryCobviousD.surprising42.A.examplesB.personalitiesCpossibilitiesD.commontabilities43.AacceptedB.resistedC.studiedDreplaced44.A.accessibleBblankC.concreteD.dark45.A.agreementB.communicationC.su

42、ggestionD.treatment46.AabsenceB.disappearanceC.returnD.sense47.AadaptionB.burdenC.comprehensionD.satisfaction48.A.averagedB.unexpectedC.limitedDreasonable49.A.confidentBunbelievableC.lovelyD.unaware50.A.learnB.requireC.lackD.remember51.AcontraryBgoodC.equalD.truth52.A.actionB.proofC.problemD.view53.

43、AautomaticallyBcarefullyC.naturallyD.similarly54.A.takeawayB.showoffC.turndownDputforward55.AadvantagesB.abilitiesCfeelingsD.reasons56.A.collectB.markC.restrictDsupport57.A.findB.processCrecognizeD.lose58.A.scientistsBquestionsC.studiesD.traditions59.A.entirelyBhighlyCrelativelyD.slightly60.A.differ

44、enceB.focusC.ideaD.mind第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填人適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Throughouthistory,peoplehavethoughtoftheoceanasadiverseandlimitlesssourceoffood.Yettodaythereisclearevidencethattheoceanshavealimit.Mostofthebigfishinouroceansarenow61(go).Onemajorcauseisoverfishing.Peoplearetakingsom

45、anyfishfromtheseathatmanyspeciescannotreplace62(they)Forcenturies,localfishermencaughtonlyenoughfishfortheirownandtheircommunitysneeds.However,fromtheearly20thcentury,peoplearoundtheworldbecameinterested63consumingprotein-richfoods,Peoplebegan64(catch)largequantitiesoffishforprofitandsellingthemtowo

46、rldwidemarkets.Inaveryshortperiodoftime,commercialfishing65(great)reducedthenumberoflargepredatoryfish,suchascodandtuna.Today,therearestillplentyoffishinthesea,66theyremostlyjustthelittleones.Smallfish,67includesardinesandanchovies,havemorethandoubledinnumber-largelybecausetherearenotenoughbigfish68

47、(eat)them.Suchlargefish69(be)necessary,becausetheyhuntandkillthesickandweaksmallerfish.Withoutthisweedingout,orsurvivalofthefittest,ecosystemsbecomelessstable.Asaresult,fisharelessabletosurvive70(difficult)suchaspollution,environmentalchange,orchangesinthefoodsupply.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)滿分35）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1

48、分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Danielwasbornwithabraindisorder.Becauseofit,hewasdifferentlyfromotherchildren.Asaboy,helikestoplayaloneandactedstrangely.Tomanyofhisclassmate,Danielseemedunusualandwelaugh