英語六級長篇閱讀真題5

1、英語六級長篇閱讀真題-5因考試政策、內容不斷變化與調整，下面給大家整理的六級閱讀理解真題供參照，以下是小編給大家整理的英語六級長篇閱讀真題-5，希望可以幫到大家Datasharing:anopenmindonopendateAItisamovementbuildingsteadymomentum:acalltomakeresearchdata,softwarecodeandexperimentalmethodspubliclyavailableandtransparent.aspiritofopennessisgainingacceptanceinthesciencecommunity,and

2、istheonlyway,sayadvocates,toaddressacrisisinciencewherebytoofewfindingsaresuccessfullyreproduced.furthermore,theysay,itisthebestwayforresearcherstogathertherangeofobservationsthatarenecessarytospeedupdiscoveriesortoidentifylarge-scaletrends.theopen-datashiftposesaconfusingproblemforjuniorresearchers

3、.ontheonehand,thedrivetoshareisgatheringofficialsteam.since2013,globalscientificbodieshavebeguntobackpoliticsthatsupportincreasedpublicaccesstoreseach.ontheotherhand,scientistsdisagreeabouthowmuchandwhentheyshouldsharedate,andtheydebatewhethersharingitismorelikelytoacceleratescienceandmakeitmorerobu

4、st,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalsandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalandfundersadoptdata-sharingrequirements,andasagrowingnumberofenthusiastscallformoreopenness,juniorresearchersmustfindtheirplacebetweenadoptersandthosewhocontinuetoholdout

5、,evenastheystrivetolaunchtheirowncareers.Conekeychallengefacingyoungscientistsishowtobeopenwithoutbecomingscientificallyvulnerable.theymustdeterminetheriskof1文章本源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學習參照jeopardizingajobofferoracollaborationprosalfromthosewhoarewaryof-orunfamiliarwith-openscience.andtheymustlearnHowtocapitalizeont

6、hemovementsbenefitssuchasopportunitiesformorecitationsandawaytobuildareputationwithouttheneedforconventionalmetrics,suchaspublicationinhigh-impactjournals.Dsomefieldshaveembracedopendatamorethanothers.researchersinpsychology,afieldrockedbyfindingsofirreproducibilityinthepastfewyears,havebeenespecial

7、lyvocalsup-portersofthedriveformore-openscience.Afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivestoincreaseinterestinreparopenscience.afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivesportersofthedriveformeluciblescience-forexample,byaffixingan,badgetoarticlesthatclearlystatewheredataareavailable.accordingtosoci

8、alpsychologistbriannoseexecutivedirectorofthecenterforopenscience,theaveragedata-sharingrateforthejournalPsychologicalscience,whichusesthebadges,increasedtenfoldto38%from2013to2015.Efunders,too,areincreasinglyadoptinganopen-datapolicy.severalstronglyergement,andsomerequire,adate-managementplanthatma

9、kesdataavailable.Theusnationalsciencefoundationisamongthese,somephilanthropic(慈善的)funders,includingthebillGatesfoundationinseattle,washington,andthewellcometrustinlondon,alopendatafromtheirgrantrecipients.Fbutmanyyoungresearchers,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenmentoredinopenscience.areuncertainaboutwh

10、ethertoshareortostayprivate.Graduatestudentsandpostdoes,whooftenareworkingontheirlabheadsgrantmayhavenochoiceiftheirsupervisororanothersenioropposessharing.Gsomefearthatthepotentialimpactofsharingistoohigh,especiallyattheearlystagesofacareer.Everybodyhasascarystory2文章本源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學習參照aboutsomeonegettings

11、cooped(被搶先),”saysnewYorkuniversityastronomerdavidhogg.thosefearsmaybeafactorinalingeringhesitationtosharedataevenwhenpublishinginjournalsthatmandateit.Hresearchersatsmalllabsoratinstitutionsfocusedonteachingarguablyhavethemosttolosewhensharinghard-wondata.withmyinstitutionandteachingload,idonthavepo

12、stdocsandgradstudents,saysterrymcglynn,atropicalbiologistatcaliforniastateuniversity,Dominguezhills.thestakesarehighertosharedatabecauseitsabiggerfractionofhatshappeninginmylab.Iresearchersalsopointtothetimesinkthatisinvolvedinpreparingdataforotherstoview.Oncethedataandassociatedmaterialsappearinare

13、pository(儲藏庫),answeringquestionsandhandlingcomplaintscantakemanyhours.Jthetimeinvestmentcanpresentotherproblems.insomecases,saysdatascientistkarthikRam,itmaybedifficultforjuniorresearcherstoembraceopennesswhenseniorcolleaguesmanyofwhomheadselectionandpromotionteeshtridiculewhattheymayviewasmisplaced

14、energies.iveheardthisrecently-thatembracingtheideaofopendatadcodemakestraditionalacademicsuncomfortable,saysram.theconcemseemstobethatopenadvocatesdontspendtheirtimebeingasproductiveaspossible.Kanopen-sciencestancecanalsoaddcomplexitytoacollaboration.kateratliff,whostudiessocialattitudesattheunivers

15、ityofflorida,gainesville,saysthatitcanseemasiftherearetwocampsinafield-thosewhocareaboutopenscienceandthosewhodont.thereanewareatonavigate-areyoucoolwiththefactthatillwanttomakethedataopen?-whentalkingwithsomebodyaboutaninterestingresearchidea,shesays.3文章本源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學習參照Ldespitecomplicationsandconcerns,

16、theupsidesofsharingcanbesignificant.forexample,wheninformationisuploadedtoarepository,adigitalobjectidentifier(DOI)isassigned.ScientistscanuseaDOTtopublisheachstepoftheresearchlifecycle,notjustthefinalpaper.Insodoing,theycanpotentiallygetthreecitations-oneeachforthedataandsoftware.inadditiontothepap

17、eritself.andalthoughsomesaythatcitationsforsoftwareordatahavelittlecurrencyinacademia,theycanhaveotherbenefits.Mmanyadvocatesthinkthattransparentdataprocedureswithadateandtimestampwillprotectscientistsfrombeingscooped.thisisthesweetspotbetweensharingandgettingcreditforit.whilediscouragingplagiarism(

18、剽竊).saysivogrigorov,aprojectcoordinatoratthenaionalinstituteofaquaticresotResearchsecreta-incharlottenlund,denmark.hoggsaysthatscoopingislessofaproblemthanmanythink.thetwocasesimfamiliarwithdidntinvolveopendataorcode,hesays.NOpensciencealsooffersjuniorresearchersthechancetolevelthepalyingfieldbygain

19、ingbetteraccesstocrucialdate.rossmounce,apostdocstudyingevolutionarybiologyattheuniversityofcambrige,UK,isavocalchampionofopenscience,partlybecausehisfossilothersdata.hesaysthatmoreopennessinsciencecouldhelptodiscouragewhatsomeperceiveasacommompracticeofshuttingoutearly-municationalsohelpsforthosewh

20、oworryaboutjeopardizingacollaboration,hesays,Concemsaboutopenshouldbediscussedattheoutsetofastudy.wheneveryoustartaprojectwithsomeone,youhavetoestablishaclearunderstandingofexpectationsforwhoownsthedata,atwhatpointtheygopublicandwhocandowhatwiththem,hesays.pintheend,sharingdata,softwareandmaterialsw

21、ithcolleagues4文章本源網(wǎng)，僅供分享學習參照canhelpanearly-careerresearchertogainrecognition-acrucialcomponentofsuccess.thethingyouaresearchingforreputationsaystitusbrown,agenomics(基因組學)researcherattheuniversityofCalifomia,davis,.togetgrantsandjobsyouhavetoberelevantandachievesomelevelofpublicrecognition.anythingyoudothatadvancesyourpresence-especiallyinalargerphere,outsidethecommunitiesyouknow-isanetwin.astronomerdavidhoggdoesntthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37.someresearchersarehesitanttomak