《英語(yǔ)專四寫(xiě)作》課件

1、TEM-4 Writing1hTEM-4 Writing1ha)作文要求根據(jù)所給的題目和列出的寫(xiě)作提綱或圖表、數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)表等(也附有寫(xiě)作提綱) 寫(xiě)一篇200詞的短文，能做到內(nèi)容切題、完整，條理清楚，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)法正確，語(yǔ)言通順恰當(dāng)。作文的類別有說(shuō)明文、議論文或記敘文。考試時(shí)間為35分鐘。 b)便條要求根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)大約5060詞的便條、通知、請(qǐng)?zhí)取Ｒ笞龅礁袷秸_，語(yǔ)言得體。考試時(shí)間為10分鐘。2ha)作文2h作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 滿分15， 分項(xiàng)可以打0.5分。1. 思想與表達(dá)2. 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力3. 寫(xiě)作規(guī)范 3h作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 滿分15， 分項(xiàng)可以打0.5分。3h1. 思想與表達(dá)（Ideas and

2、 Arguments）：滿分為7分，其中1-2分較差，3分一般，4-5分良好，6-7分優(yōu)秀。思想內(nèi)容：（idea & content）內(nèi)容切題內(nèi)容充實(shí)觀點(diǎn)明確論據(jù)支持觀點(diǎn)有獨(dú)到見(jiàn)解表達(dá)效果（effectiveness）表達(dá)清晰有說(shuō)服力篇章組織 （Rhetorical Organization）每段有主題句句間銜接自然段間過(guò)渡自然第一部分明確提出觀點(diǎn)最后一部分自然得出結(jié)論段落排列合理4h1. 思想與表達(dá)（Ideas and Arguments）：2. 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力(Language Use)滿分6分，其中1-2分為較差，3分一般，4-5分良好，6分為優(yōu)秀。準(zhǔn)確性(correctness)語(yǔ)法正確

3、句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確固定搭配正確用詞準(zhǔn)確豐富性(richness)詞匯豐富句子形式多樣得體性(appropriateness)語(yǔ)氣恰當(dāng)語(yǔ)言地道流利度(fluency)完成規(guī)定詞數(shù) (超出200過(guò)多扣1分。完成規(guī)定內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)少于170字扣1分。未完成任務(wù)的不僅扣字?jǐn)?shù)分，也要從內(nèi)容上扣分)5h2. 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力(Language Use)滿分6分，其3. 寫(xiě)作規(guī)范 (Mechanics)滿分2分，其中0.5分為較差，1分為一般，1.5為良好，2分優(yōu)秀。單詞拼寫(xiě)正確標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確大小寫(xiě)正確書(shū)寫(xiě)美觀卷面整潔6h3. 寫(xiě)作規(guī)范 (Mechanics)滿分2分，其中0.5TEM一4作文的體裁以議論文為主，由四個(gè)部分

4、組成： 標(biāo)題 (title)， 介紹(introduction)， 主體(body) 結(jié)尾(conclusion)7hTEM一4作文的體裁以議論文為主，由四個(gè)部分組成：7h一般來(lái)說(shuō)，TEM-4的命題作文的模式是“三段式”作文，即introduction（提出觀點(diǎn)）- body（展開(kāi)論述）-conclusion（總結(jié)結(jié)論）。8h一般來(lái)說(shuō)，TEM-4的命題作文的模式是“三段式”作文，即in9h9h(一)介紹(introduction)其中第一句的作用是用來(lái)說(shuō)明整段文章的總義和介紹文章的主題，之后的一至兩句則是用來(lái)表達(dá)考生的個(gè)人意見(jiàn)(論點(diǎn))，最后一句通常用來(lái)帶領(lǐng)進(jìn)入主體部分。文章好的開(kāi)頭會(huì)引人如勝，

5、激發(fā)閱卷老師的閱讀興趣。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這一段落不宜太長(zhǎng)，要寫(xiě)得簡(jiǎn)明扼要，主要可以采用以下三種方法：引用法、現(xiàn)象法和對(duì)立法。 10h(一)介紹(introduction)其中第一句的作用是用來(lái)(二)主體(body)主體部分段首通常有一個(gè)主題句(topic sentence)，用來(lái)表示該段的中心思想。下面是幾個(gè)常用主題句句型： 1It is believed that has the following advantages 2 is important in several ways 3 I side with this view for two reasons 4 benefits us in m

6、any ways接下來(lái)的文章應(yīng)包含二到三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，用以支持主題句?？忌梢酝ㄟ^(guò)例證、引證、對(duì)比、因果論證及反證等方法逐步論述各個(gè)要點(diǎn)。閱卷老師在看文章時(shí)也許會(huì)通過(guò)某些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，條理清晰，因此要在每一個(gè)要點(diǎn)前加入表示順序的詞匯，如： 11h(二)主體(body)主體部分段首通常有一個(gè)主題句(topi(二)主體(body)1）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally2）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly3）to begin with, t

7、hen, furthermore, finally4）to start with, next, in addition, finally5）first and foremost, besides, last but not least6）most important of all, moreover, finally7）on one hand, on the other hand8）for one thing, for another thing12h(二)主體(body)1）firstly, secondly(三)結(jié)尾(conclusion)結(jié)尾部分的開(kāi)始通常會(huì)用一個(gè)特別結(jié)論句式，如：in

8、general，to sum up，to conclude，all in all等等。在200詞的文章中，這一部分不宜篇幅過(guò)長(zhǎng)，最好用一兩句話來(lái)總結(jié)全文，使其前后呼應(yīng)。除非只是一個(gè)次要觀點(diǎn)，否則不要在這段內(nèi)提出任何新見(jiàn)解，但如果題目要求的話，考生也可以在結(jié)論上提出相應(yīng)的建議、推薦、介紹和解決方法。13h(三)結(jié)尾(conclusion)結(jié)尾部分的開(kāi)始通常會(huì)用一個(gè)一些問(wèn)題1、審題不清楚；2、結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，比如，開(kāi)頭缺少鋪墊，結(jié)尾缺少總結(jié)段；3、比例失調(diào)，最常見(jiàn)的是，第一段不夠概括，篇幅過(guò)長(zhǎng)；第二段過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)略；第三段繼續(xù)闡述某些觀點(diǎn)，或者開(kāi)始新話題；4、主題句沒(méi)有對(duì)段落進(jìn)行明確的、適當(dāng)?shù)南薅?，結(jié)果段落

9、內(nèi)容不能緊扣主題；5、第一段沒(méi)有明確提出中心思想，贊成什么、反對(duì)什么，或?qū)δ硞€(gè)問(wèn)題有什么看法，導(dǎo)致觀點(diǎn)不鮮明，中心思想不突出。14h一些問(wèn)題1、審題不清楚；14h5種題型及模式框架自由發(fā)揮型立場(chǎng)選擇型給定明確觀點(diǎn)型問(wèn)題解決型比較對(duì)比型15h5種題型及模式框架自由發(fā)揮型15h自由發(fā)揮型先提出一個(gè)話題，然后提供一些流行的觀點(diǎn)，要求考生通過(guò)給定的材料做出自己的分析，提出自己的論點(diǎn)，然后進(jìn)行闡述和論證。這種題目對(duì)論點(diǎn)不做限制，作者可以自由發(fā)揮，只要能證明自己，圍繞話題即可。請(qǐng)看歷年相關(guān)的考題：2005年：My Idea of a University Art Festival(針對(duì)學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦的大學(xué)藝術(shù)

10、節(jié)的組織活動(dòng)和內(nèi)容提出自己的想法和建議)1993年：My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future(我對(duì)自己將來(lái)當(dāng)一名老師的想法)1992年：My View on Reading Extensively（就泛讀發(fā)表自己的意見(jiàn)）16h自由發(fā)揮型先提出一個(gè)話題，然后提供一些流行的觀點(diǎn)，要求考生My View on Reading Extensively Reading is important for us. For English majors, extensive reading is a very important way to improve th

11、eir English. Actually, we get most of our knowledge from extensive reading. Obviously, we can benefit a lot from reading widely. So, it is advisable to develop a habit of reading extensively.17hMy View on Reading ExtensivelyExtensive reading benefits us in many ways. First, by reading extensively, w

12、e can get knowledge about various areas such as culture, education, history, science and literature. For example, newspapers and magazines can keep us informed of current events. So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today. Secondly, extensive reading helps us improve our readin

13、g comprehension effectively. The more we read, the better we understand, and the faster our reading speed will be. What is more, extensive reading is the best way to enlarge our vocabulary. Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar words, we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without refer

14、ring to the dictionary. We can often find context clues for new words. By and by, we can learn a lot of useful words. Besides, it will widen our outlook on life.18hExtensive reading benefits us 這是一篇自由發(fā)揮闡述的命題式作文，不限定論點(diǎn)。要求作者就泛讀發(fā)表自己的看法。作者可以根據(jù)給定的話題，提出論點(diǎn)，然后再展開(kāi)論述。 范文從自己作為一個(gè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生的角度，提出泛讀對(duì)我們很重要，它能給我們帶來(lái)一些好處。

15、 文章提出了四點(diǎn)支持觀點(diǎn)的理由，即小分論點(diǎn)。首先，提出泛讀可以幫助我們獲取知識(shí)，作者用例證進(jìn)行解釋；其次，提高閱讀能力；第三，泛讀可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量；最后，泛讀可以幫助我們開(kāi)闊視野。 結(jié)尾明了，重申論點(diǎn)，并建議養(yǎng)成閱讀的好習(xí)慣。19h 這是一篇自由發(fā)揮闡述的命題式作文，不Introduction1.-(引出話題)is very important in our life. In my opinion, -(提出論點(diǎn)).20hIntroduction20h21h21h22h22hTEM-4 PracticeMy View on Cheating in Exams23hTEM-4 PracticeMy

16、 View on Cheat專四一模 3月22日 下星期二晚上6點(diǎn)專四二模 4月9日 上午9點(diǎn)半 二模作為基英、寫(xiě)作和聽(tīng)力的期中考試成績(jī) 帶好鞋套 學(xué)生座位看教室門(mén)口張貼表24h專四一模 3月22日 下星期二晚上6點(diǎn)24hlike or dislikecancel or reserveHow to improve?CCTV Spring Festival Gala25hCCTV Spring Festival Gala25hlikecustom/ habit /tradition, large audiencevisual/cultural feast, interesting program

17、s, bring happiness show our traditional culture to the rest of the world patriotismoverseas Chinese can feel at home 26hlikecustom/ habit /tradition, dislikelack of creativity and freshness, boring /not attractivecost a lot of money and time waste planted advertisement / commercialized 廣告植入lip-synch

18、 假唱27hdislikelack of creativity and The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV has long been a tradition for Chinese people to celebrate the New Year. It was very popular at the beginning, but now, some people suggest that it should be cancelled because many programs are outdated and boring. In my opinion, th

19、e Gala should continue to be held every year. Firstly, it still has a large audience who prefer to spend their new years eve watching it. It has become a custom for them. Secondly, as it is broadcast throughout the world, it can be a good chance to show our traditional culture to the rest of the wor

20、ld. Thirdly, it is an important program for Chinese people living in other nations. By watching the program, they can feel at home. In a word, the Spring Festival Gala is quite meaningful. It shouldnt be stopped, but be held on year by year. 28h The Spring Festival Gala on It has been a hot topic fo

21、r a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV

22、program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively affect our life value.However, every coin has two sides. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force peopl

23、e to spend the eve more passively. Whats more, a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.As to me, my favor goes to the former opinion, because spring CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the qu

24、ality of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.29h It has been a hot topi People throughout our country pay much attention to the CCTV Spring Festival Gala annually. Then does the CCTV Spring Festival Gala really benefit our Chinese culture? Dif

25、ferent people have different opinions on it. Personally, I think it is a good way to spread Chinese culture.30h People throughout our countr Firstly, by watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, we can learn a lot about our traditional culture, which has played an important role in shaping peoples cha

26、racters. Secondly, since more and more foreigners are learning Chinese, the gala offers a good platform to them to know more about China. So, unquestionably, the gala is a good way to make Chinese culture known. Whats more, after enjoying the Gala, we find that many programs are a perfect combinatio

27、n of the essence of the traditional culture and the latest modern technology, which greatly presents the unique Chinese culture. In addition, the gala keeps us informed of sth that we dont know, in which case we may be warned to attach much importance to it incase it dies out.31h Firstly, by watchin

28、g the CCTVIn conclusion, with more and more people stimulated by the gala to learn more about Chinese culture, the CCTV Spring Festival Gala will surely promote the spread of Chinese culture.32hIn conclusion, with more and m5種題型及模式框架自由發(fā)揮型立場(chǎng)選擇型給定明確觀點(diǎn)型問(wèn)題解決型比較對(duì)比型33h5種題型及模式框架自由發(fā)揮型33h立場(chǎng)選擇型 這類題目可稱為“For-Ag

29、ainst”，在提出話題后，通常從相對(duì)的角度提出兩種觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)，要求考生從中選出一個(gè)作為自己的立場(chǎng)，即二選一，然后論證其正確性。請(qǐng)看歷年相關(guān)考題：2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing 讓考生對(duì)電話 是否完全取代書(shū)信來(lái)往發(fā)表看法1999 A Major Advantage/ Disadvantage of Advertising on Television 要求考生在電視廣告的好處和壞處中選擇一者， 把問(wèn)題說(shuō)明1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or Does no) Good to Us 要求考生就過(guò)

30、多的學(xué)業(yè)壓力是否對(duì)我們有利發(fā)表意見(jiàn)1994 TV：a Good Thing or a Bad Thing 電視是有利還是有害的？對(duì)此發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)34h立場(chǎng)選擇型 這類題目可稱為“For-Agains35h35h36h36h37h37hSampleNowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? Will Phones Kill Letter Wri

31、ting 38hSampleNowadays young people teLetter Writing Will Not Be Killed Nowadays, we have stepped into the Information Age. Young people choose to phone each other instead of writing letters. But even if so, I still maintain that phones will never kill letter writing. First, letters can express your

32、 subtle feelings. With the increase of the living pace of modern society, we find that there is a lack of communication now. Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone, you are so shy that its too hard to express any of your feelings towards him or her. Your throa

33、t seems to be blocked! At this time, letters will help. Without any embarrassment, you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper. When you drop the letter into the pillar-box, you will feel what he or she will receive is not only a letter, but also your deepest love. Secondl

34、y, letters can be kept as a record of memory, while phones cannot. Just imagine, when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter, a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you. What an irreplaceable feeling it is! And I believe, this feeling is something that y

35、ou can definitely never experience through several phone calls. All in all, letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age. Phones can never kill it, neither will anything.39hLetter Writing Will Not Be Kil Nowadays, we have stepped into the Information Age.Young people

36、 choose to phone each other instead of writing letters. But even if so, I still maintain that phones will never kill letter writing. All in all, letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age. Phones can never kill it, neither will anything.Letter Writing Will Not Be K

37、illed 40h Letter Writing Will Not BFirst, letters can express your subtle feelings. With the increase of the living pace of modern society, we find that there is a lack of communication now. Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone, you are so shy that its too h

38、ard to express any of your feelings towards him or her. Your throat seems to be blocked! At this time, letters will help. Without any embarrassment, you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper. When you drop the letter into the pillar-box, you will feel what he or she will

39、 receive is not only a letter, but also your deepest love. Secondly, letters can be kept as a record of memory, while phones cannot. Just imagine, when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter, a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you. What an irreplacea

40、ble feeling it is! And I believe, this feeling is something that you can definitely never experience through several phone calls.41hFirst, letters can express you 這是一篇立場(chǎng)選擇型的命題式作文，要求考生從二者中選出一種作為作文的論點(diǎn)，論證其正確性。作者根據(jù)給定的話題，先引出話題-現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人愿意通過(guò)電話進(jìn)行交流。并指出正反兩方面的立場(chǎng)-有人說(shuō)電話將取代書(shū)信，有人說(shuō)不會(huì)。作者清晰地闡明自己的立場(chǎng)-書(shū)信是不會(huì)被電話所取代的，然后通過(guò)

41、兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)來(lái)證明：一是書(shū)信可以表達(dá)出細(xì)微的情感，二是信件可以記錄人的記憶，而電話則不能。 42h 42h 考試中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是忽視了這類題目的要求和寫(xiě)法，這類題目要求二選一，著重論述一方也就是作者自己選定的立場(chǎng)論點(diǎn)，不需要面面俱到地論述正反兩方面的立場(chǎng)。43h 43h英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例1 disagreements 不一致所謂不一致不僅指主謂不一致，還包括數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。例如：When one have money, he can do what he want to. 剖析：one 是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have 應(yīng)改為has;want應(yīng)改為wants.改為：O

42、nce one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).44h英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例1 disagreements 英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例2 Sentence Fragments 句子不完整There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.剖析：本句后半部分“For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句。改為：There

43、 are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.There are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. For example, cross talk, short sketch,Peking Opera and so on.改為：There are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala，for example, cro

44、ss talk45h英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例2 Sentence Fragm英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例3 Dangling Modifiers 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。例如： At the age of ten, my grandfather died.剖析：句子中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明“誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí)。改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died. To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句子中不定式短語(yǔ)“to do w

45、ell in college” 的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚。改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.46h英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例3 Dangling Modifi3 Dangling Modifiers 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)As the most important festival, people always have a lot of ways to celebrate the Spring Festival.改為：As the most important festival, the Spring Festival can be celebrated in a lot of ways.47h3 Dangling Modifiers 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)As 英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例4 Run-on Sentences 不間斷句子There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：這個(gè)句子包含兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the