Unit 4 單元測(cè)試題-2022-2023學(xué)年高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)(含答案)

1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS第一局部聽力（略）第二局部閱讀（共兩節(jié)，總分值50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每題2.5分，總分值37.5分）閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。AIF you can dream - Science & Ideas Festivallaunches schools poetry competitionScience Oxford is proud to be supporting this years IF Oxford festival and the IF Oxfordshire schools poetry co

2、mpetition especially. The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic.The poem can be in any poetry style you like. It doesnt have to rhyme （押韻），but your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science. It could be about a scientific idea or discovery; a scie

3、nce lesson or a scientific problem that is important to you; a famous scientist, or just why you love science!The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home- schooled in Oxfordshire, and will be judged （評(píng)為J） in three age categories （類另U）:School Years 1-2School Years 3-6

4、School Years 7-11There are lots of prizes on offer. The winning entrant （參賽者）in each age category will receive a copy of The Lost Words by Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris.The classes of the winners of the two primary school categories will win a half-day science show or workshop presented by our

5、 amazing education outreach team. The class of the winner of the secondary age category will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.The winners and runners-up （亞軍）in all three age categories will have the chance to perform their poem at a special event at the new IF Science and Ideas Festi

6、val over the weekend of October 16/17.C. surprisedD. sure第二節(jié)(共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。As a surfer (沖浪運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng))，Jon Rose has personal ties to the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey 56.(strike) hardest by Hurricane Sandy. When he learned a friends restaurant had been

7、destroyed by the storm, he chose 57.(bring) his clean water organization, Waves For Water, to help with recovery efforts. In an interview, he shared his disaster relief plan and the most satisfying part of his experience.“As we were getting more information from 58. (difference) communities up and d

8、own the coastline, I considered 59.(develop) a plan that could be used in each community. I made a three-step plan for addressing this disaster. I wrote it out, put it on our site, and . within a weeks time, we 60.(have) support coming in.”“The first step is distributing (分酉己)supplies. I have storeh

9、ouses in New York and New Jersey 61.were able to receive things. Then we set up relief centers where we would give out supplies/5“The second step is clearing debris. Youre either cleaning out houses, or people have already cleaned out 62.(they) houses and you9re trying to clean away the rubbish.”“Th

10、e third step is rebuilding. Weve got 10 sites that were rebuilding but we still have a large amount of work to do. We almost have 63.(much) work now than we did six months ago.”“Theres always 64.sense of achievement when youre able to change someones state. There5s an obvious physical change; you lo

11、ok 65.somebody and go J Wow, you look 20 years younger; youre back on your feet.5,9第四局部寫作（共兩節(jié)，總分值40分）第一節(jié)（總分值15分）假定你是李華，上周五你校舉辦了主題為“預(yù)防森林火災(zāi)”的校園活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你 為校英語報(bào)寫一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：.參加人員；.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：觀看短片、制作黑板報(bào);.活動(dòng)反響。注意：寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右。第二節(jié)（總分值25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整 的短文?！癢hy did Dads job make us move to South Ameri

12、ca anyway?” I asked Mom. “The TV shows are in Spanish and I miss going to school. The worst part is that I dont have any friends here. All of the kids speak Spanish.”“I know its hard, sweetheart. Tm lonely here too,“ Mom said.“Its hard to make friends when I cant talk to anybody.”Mom hugged （擁抱）me.

13、Well only be living here for eight more months.”At that moment, eight months sounded like forever. A few days later, Dad said that a man at his work had a daughter my age. Would you like to invite her over to play?”“Does she speak English?”“No J Dad said, “but I can teach you a few Spanish words so

14、the two of you can talk a little bit”I shrugged （聳肩）.Its hard to be friends with someone when you cant really talk to them.”Dad nodded. I understand, but you wished fbr a friend/9“I mean a friend who speaks English/5“I know, but this might be fun anyway. Im going to ask her dad to bring her overto o

15、ur house.”The following afternoon, Maria and her dad came over. I felt funny because I didnt know how wed play together without being able to talk to one another.“Hola,“ I said quietly, which means “hi” in Spanish.Maria smiled and said something I didnt understand. I looked at Dad and whispered氐聲說），

16、This isnt going to work.”“Give it a chance J he said.Then Maria showed me a cardboard box. Shed brought a game called Connect Four.Dad smiled. You dont need to speak the same language to play that game.”Maria and I went to my bedroom and set up the game. We took turns putting the colored disks （圓片）i

17、nto the board, trying to get four in a row. Suddenly Maria smiled and pointed at the four red pieces in a row.I smiled and said, You won. Good game.” 注意：.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。Although Im sure Maria didnt understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. As we were both laughing, I rea

18、lized that although we spoke different languages, rd actually made a friend.參考答案聽力（略）21-25 CBDDD31-35 DBBCA41-45 CCBAD26-30 BDBCA36-40 GDEFB46-50 CABCD21-25 CBDDD31-35 DBBCA41-45 CCBAD26-30 BDBCA36-40 GDEFB46-50 CABCD51-55 ABDCB56. struck 57. to bring 58. different56. struck 57. to bring 58. differe

19、ntwhich / thattheirmor e59. developinga60. had56. struck 57. to bring 58. differentwhich / thattheirmor e59. developinga60. hadat第一節(jié)One possible version:Last Friday, our school held an activity about forest fire prevention. Over 500 teachers and students took part.First, we watched several short vid

20、eos about how forest fires start, how dangerous they can be and what to do to prevent them. Then, each class designed their own blackboard newspaper showing the dangers of forest fires and actions we should take in our daily life to prevent forest fires.The students thought the activity was meaningf

21、ul because it let them realize forest fires can be deadly but they can do something to prevent and control them.第二節(jié)One possible version:Although Im sure Maria didn ft understand my words, I could tell she understood my smile. When we were done playing the game, Maria pointed at the paints on my desk

22、. She said something in Spanish, but I knew what she meant. I pointed at each color and told her the English words for them. After that, we took turns pointing at things in my room and saying the word for each thing, and I learned the Spanish words for those things. Maria made a face when I held up

23、my math book. I laughed.As we were both laughing, I realized that although we spoke different languages, rd actually made a friend. That night, I thanked Dad for inviting Maria to our house. “We had fun and I learned a little bit of Spanish/91 said. I asked Dad to help me work on my Spanish so I cou

24、ld talk with Maria when she came over next time. While I still missed my friends in Indiana, I knew the next eight months were going to be a lot more fun with Maria around.局部解析閱讀第一節(jié)A篇主題語境：人與自我生活與學(xué)習(xí)本文是應(yīng)用文。文章為一那么詩歌競(jìng)賽通知。C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 your poem needs to be under 150 words and about science可知，參賽詩歌作品得少于1

25、50詞。Bo 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的 The competition invites young people aged 5-16 to hand in a poem on any science topic 及第三段中的 The competition is open to any child at primary or secondary school, or home-schooled in Oxfordshire 可知，該詩歌 競(jìng)賽面向五到十六歲的學(xué)生。Do 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的 The class of the winner of the secondary age cat

26、egory will win a tour of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 可知，中學(xué)年齡段冠 軍的班級(jí)可以參觀盧瑟福阿普爾頓實(shí)驗(yàn)室(Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)o 補(bǔ)充說明：盧瑟福阿普爾頓實(shí)驗(yàn)室是一個(gè)多學(xué)科、綜合性的大型國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室，位于英國的牛 津郡，它的歷史可以追溯到1921年。B篇主題語境：人與自然災(zāi)害防范本文是記敘文。文章描述了主人公Lang在海嘯中逃生的經(jīng)歷。Do 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的 Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket,

27、 Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong, when suddenly everything changed可知，海嘯發(fā)生時(shí)，Lang正和朋友逛街購物。Do 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 she noticed water racing into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run 可矢口， 涌向島上的水流很 急、水力太大，Lang根本跑不動(dòng)。Bo 推理判斷題。由第三段中的 Lang was

28、 stuck underwater between debris with the surface just above her face 和 The more I struggled, the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface可知，Lang被困在了水里，無法動(dòng)彈。blackout暫時(shí)失去知 覺；昏厥。Do 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的 She pulled herself onto a floating door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot

29、 of buildings were gone 及 She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony of the house 可知, Lang利用水中的漂流物支撐著自己，最終她爬到不遠(yuǎn)處一座房子的陽臺(tái)上，脫 離了危險(xiǎn)。C篇主題語境：人與自然災(zāi)害防范本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章描述了尼泊爾地震后的救援工作。Bo詞義猜想題。本句中的This指代上文中的search for survivors through the ruins o 由本句中的 since it can take many hours to safel

30、y dig survivors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins可知，救援隊(duì)需要花好長時(shí)間才能把幸 存者從廢墟中安全救出來。結(jié)合下文中救援隊(duì)救助Khanal的不易過程可推斷， tough在此應(yīng)該表示“困難的，不容易的”。Co 推理判斷題。由第三段中 Akhilesh Shrestha 所說的 What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of finding survi

31、vors 可知，在Akhilesh Shrestha看來，地震三天后，找到幸存者的可能性微乎其 微。Khanal能活下來簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)奇跡。Ao 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的 19 people were killed when an avalanche caused by the earthquake hit hundreds of tents at base camp 可知，地震引發(fā)珠穆朗瑪峰雪 崩，許多基地大本營被埋,造成19人死亡。Do推理判斷題。由最后一段的描述可知，直升機(jī)每次只能運(yùn)送四五名受傷 者，而且只能在珠穆朗瑪峰上短暫停留，這使得救援工作變得困難。但是，最終 所有的傷者都被成功營救。也

32、就是說，救援工作雖然充滿挑戰(zhàn)，但圓滿完成了。 touch down著陸，降落。主題語境：人與自然災(zāi)害防范本文是說明文。發(fā)生于1883年的喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)產(chǎn)生了有史以來最大的 響聲。B。寫作目的題。文章首句提到喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)產(chǎn)生了有史以來最大的響聲。 由第段匚卜的 It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues . the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New Y

33、ork 及 In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted可知，喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)時(shí)，聲波隨著火山物質(zhì)噴涌而出，傳到3,000英 里外的羅德里格斯島，人們以為在放炮；與此同時(shí)，2,000英里外的西澳大利亞 州也為之震憾，人們以為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了。由此可知，作者提到羅德里格斯島和西澳 大利亞州是為了說明喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)時(shí)的響聲之巨大。take . to be誤以 為是。Bo 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 The sound was so powerful that it ruptured the eardrums

34、of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption 可知， 喀拉 喀托火山爆發(fā)時(shí)的聲波將離島40英里的英國船員的鼓膜震裂了。C o 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的 In the year following the eruption, the average temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius ( ), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years 可知，喀拉喀托火山爆

35、發(fā)后第二 年，全球平均氣溫下降了 1.2攝氏度。Ao主旨大意題。全文共分為五個(gè)段落：第一、二段講述喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)產(chǎn) 生了劇烈的響聲；第三、四段講述喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)的災(zāi)害影響；最后一段講述 喀拉喀托之子火山的再次噴發(fā)。因此，本文主要介紹喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)。A項(xiàng)表 示“歷史上響聲最大的火山爆發(fā)”，符合文意，且突出了關(guān)于喀拉喀托火山爆發(fā)的 世界之最。第二節(jié)主題語境：人與自然災(zāi)害防范本文是說明文。文章講述了如何防范自然災(zāi)害。Go 空前的 These events 指代上文中的 hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U. S., earthquakes in

36、Mexico, and monsoons in southern Asia。下文講述的是人們應(yīng) 如何應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害。所有選項(xiàng)中，只有G項(xiàng)符合語境。G項(xiàng)中的They指代上文 中的 These events, They also brought 順接上文 These events brought damage to communities oDo空前講述的是面對(duì)即將發(fā)生的自然災(zāi)害，可以提前做些準(zhǔn)備。結(jié)合空后的 When faced with those situations, what should you do to stay safe? How can you be better prepare

37、d?及下段中的during an emergency可知，本空所講內(nèi)容與“突發(fā)的自 然災(zāi)害”相關(guān)，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。Eo空前提到了生存技能；空后講述有突發(fā)情況時(shí)，你根本來不及查閱書籍了 解生存技能。由This is because可知，空后內(nèi)容對(duì)本空作進(jìn)一步解釋，應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。 E 項(xiàng)中的 These skills 指代上文中的 Practical survival skillsoFo 由本段中的 But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay cal

38、m in frightening situations, but it can be done可知，本段講述在緊急情況下應(yīng)保持冷靜、不要過度恐懼，因此，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)作本 段的主旨句最恰當(dāng)，且Staying calm與下文中的stay calm為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。本 段中的unchecked意為“不受抑制的，未加拘束的”。Bo本段討論自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該原地等待救援還是自己尋求救援。結(jié) 合本段中的 That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are 及 If you think youre not going to be able to s

39、urvive where you are, youre better off trying to move toward where there are other people 可知，B 項(xiàng)符合語境。B 項(xiàng)中的 It also depends on 順接上文中的 That depends on a lot of things, especially where you are, It 指代 上文中的 Is it best to wait in place for help or search for help。be better off doing sth.最好做某事。語言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)主題語境

40、：人與自我生活本文是記敘文。舞蹈老師廖智在汶川地震中失去了雙腿，但她堅(jiān)強(qiáng)樂觀、戴 著義肢堅(jiān)持跳舞。Co 42. Co結(jié)合廖智當(dāng)時(shí)的處境及本句中的heard the search and rescue team 0 but she didn,t have the energy可知，此處表示廖智聽到救援人員在“尋找(looking for) ”她,但她沒有力氣“回應(yīng)(answer)Bo 由上文中的 Then she heard her father calling her name 及下文中的 She made it out alive可知，聽到父親在喊自己的名字，廖智心想，自己一定要活著，“看到

41、 (see)“父親。Ao本句中的but與下文中的prosthetic limbs說明廖智雖然活了下來，但她“失 去了(lost) ”家、女兒還有自己的雙腿。Do下文中的How are you still laughing at this point可提示在醫(yī)院里廖智忍著 失去雙腿的疼痛，與其他病人說笑。joked (開玩笑)符合語境。Co 由上文中的 She made it out alive after being trapped for 30 hours 及本句中 的still可知，盡管廖智失去了很多，但她慶幸自己還能活著，應(yīng)選alive。此處屬 于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。Ao由上文的描述可知，廖智在地

42、震中失去了雙腿。再結(jié)合上文中的a dancer 及下文中的get on the stage one more time可知，此處表示有人問廖智是否還想繼 續(xù)跳舞，again符合語境。Bo 上文中的 she was still in recovery, but that did not stop her determination 說 明廖智還想再次登臺(tái)跳舞，應(yīng)選wanted。此處的wanted to get on the stage與上文 中的 wanted to take up dancing 同義。Co由下文中的It was common to be in so much pain可知，從

43、截肢到接受治療， 再到適應(yīng)義肢，這個(gè)過程很不容易，difficult符合語境。Do 由本句的 After seeing many patients couldnt adjust to their prosthetic legs 及下文中的 In the end, she . decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted 可知，起初,廖 智沒打算安裝義肢。由此可推斷，她應(yīng)該打算選擇坐輪椅，應(yīng)選chose。Ao 52. Bo 由廖智的處境及下文中的 In the end, she decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知,

44、在沒安裝義肢前，廖智去哪兒都需要人”推著(carried) ”,這 讓她覺得很不“自由(freedom) ”。Do由本句中的decided to have prosthetic limbs fitted可知，廖智最終決定安裝 義肢，這樣，她就可以自由行動(dòng)了。也就是說，她想獨(dú)立，不想“依靠(depend on) ”任何人。Co由本段中的I was that close to giving up many times可知，此處表示人們?cè)?面對(duì)困境時(shí)，很容易絕望，應(yīng)選hope。Bo 由上文中的 Today, she can be seen dancing and rock-climbing 可知，失

45、去雙 腿的廖智沒有放棄跳舞，靠著義肢繼續(xù)著她的夢(mèng)想。如今，她不僅能夠繼續(xù)跳舞， 還能攀巖。由此可知，此處表示她很慶幸自己在困難面前沒有選擇放棄，設(shè)空處 所填詞應(yīng)該與“慶幸”具有相同或相近的含義，應(yīng)選glado第二節(jié)主題語境：人與社會(huì)社會(huì)服務(wù)本文是記敘文。沖浪運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)Jon Rose致力于復(fù)興受颶風(fēng)桑迪襲擊的地區(qū)。struck?？疾檫^去分詞作定語的用法。設(shè)空處作定語修飾the surfing communities of New York and New Jersey,由空后的 by Hurricane Sandy 可知，strike 與 the surfing communities of Ne

46、w York and New Jersey 之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填 struck oto bringo考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的用法。choose to do sth.意為“決定做某事”。differento考查形容詞。設(shè)空處作定語修飾communities,表示“不同的，故填 形容詞 differentodevelopingo考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的用法。consider doing sth.意為“考慮做 某事”。hado考查一般過去時(shí)。由本句中的I wrote it out, put it on our site可知，此處 表示過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填had。which/th

47、ato考查關(guān)系詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句修飾storehouses,且在 從句中作主語，故填which / thatotheiro考查代詞。設(shè)空處修飾houses,表示“他們的,故填their。more?？疾楸葦M級(jí)。由空后的than we did six months ago可知，此處應(yīng)用much 的比擬級(jí)moreoao考杳不定冠詞。a sense of achievement意為“成就感”。ato考查介詞。由本段中的Wow, you look 20 years younger可知，設(shè)空處所在 局部表示“你看著某個(gè)人。故填介詞at。句中的go意為“說工The closing date for

48、 entries is April 20. To find out more information visit IF- Oxford .Which of the following is a requirement for the poem for the competition?It has to rhyme.It has to be written in four lines.It has to be less than 150 words.It has to discuss a single scientific idea.Children who want to enter the

49、competition must.study at secondary schoolbe between 5-16 years oldbe home-schooled in Oxfordshirehand in their poem before October 17What will the class of the winner of the secondary age category win?A half-day science show.A copy of The Lost Words.A chance to attend an amazing workshop.A tour of

50、the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.On 26 December, 2004, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the Indonesian coast sent a wall of water racing toward Thailand, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Lang was on the island of Ko Phi Phi, just south of Phuket, Thailand, shopping on Main Street with her friend Rubina Wong,

51、 when suddenly everything changed. “People started running inland. From where we were, we could not see the beach so we had no idea what was going on. Nobody was saying its a tsunami J she said.Lang and Rubina started running inland in the same direction as everyone else, when she noticed water raci

52、ng into the island, but so strong and fast that she could no longer lift her feet to run. Rubina had gone down a side street. Lang never saw her alive again. At that point I could no longer move and the next thing, I saw a black wall ofwater. Then it just threw me right off my feet. I didnt have any

53、 feeling except fbr fbarj she said.Lang was stuck underwater between debris （碎片）with the surface just above her face. The more I struggled （掙扎）,the tighter I was stuck. I could not reach the surface. I thought I came here on my vacation to die, and then I got really angry,“ she said. I must have bla

54、cked out because the next thing I remember is waking up underwater.”The water was motionless （靜止的）and black. Lang looked up and could see at the top, there was a small circle of light. She started swimming through the motionless water and made it to the surface of the water. She pulled herself onto

55、a floating （漂浮 的）door and could see that the whole island was flooded and a lot of buildings were gone. She could see a house not far away and a man on its roof. She encouraged herself to climb over floating objects to the balcony （陽臺(tái)）of the house. From there she saw the water start to slowly go bac

56、k to the ocean.What was Lang doing when the tsunami happened?She was running in a race.She was playing on the beach.She was looking for her friend.She was shopping in the street.Why was Lang unable to run?There was a wall in the way.She feared she would get lost.She had to wait for her friend.The ra

57、cing water was too powerful.What can we learn about Lang from paragraph 3?She didnt want to struggle.She was trapped underwater.She didnt regret going on vacation.She managed to keep awake in the water.How did Lang manage to save herself?By calling for help.By hiding in a house.By climbing up a tall

58、 tree.By making use of floating objects.In the hours after the earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25, 2015, thousands of rescue teams from around the world were sent there to help search for survivors through the ruins. This can be a very tough task, since it can take many hours to safely dig surviv

59、ors, often in need of immediate medical care, out of the ruins.After spending 80 hours in the ruins of a building outside Kathmandu, Rishi Khanal was pulled out alive by a French search and rescue team. Khanal had been trying to get the attention of rescue workers for days. After the team found him,

60、 they spent 10 hours digging him out. The team broke the concrete （混凝土）that trapped Khanal within the building and pulled him up through a hole before carrying him away. Khanal suffered a broken leg.“What made his survival so unusual was that after the first three days, there was little chance of fi