2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分句子成分下的語法攻略第十講依據(jù)句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)突破特殊句式學(xué)案新人教版

1、第十講 依據(jù)句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)突破特殊句式編者按：英語中的特殊句式通常包括：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝句、省略句、感嘆句和there be 句型等。近幾年高考在重視對語意、語境考查的同時并沒有完全放棄對語言形式、語言知識 類題目的測試。尤其是倒裝和強(qiáng)調(diào)兩局部，在高考中仍占有較大的比重。真題集訓(xùn)一一明考點(diǎn)一、語法填空?？键c(diǎn)（2018 北京高考改編）In any unsafe situation, simply （press） the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.解析：press句意：在任何不平安的情況下，只要按

2、一下這個按鈕，一個訓(xùn)練有素的 代理人就會給你所需要的幫助。此題為“祈使句+ and +陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用動詞原形。（2018 天津高考改編）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.解析：that句意：直到汽車停在了我們的房子前面的時候，我們才看到莉莉坐在乘客 座上。此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It 1$（忸5）+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+ 11 +其他局部”，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間 狀語從句。（2017 江蘇高考改編） （be） it not for the support of t

3、he teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：Were句意：如果沒有老師的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能克服她的困難。該句是省略 if的虛擬條件句，if省略后需要將were提前構(gòu)成倒裝。（2017 天津高考改編）It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.解析：that句意：正是當(dāng)我回到公寓的時候，我第一次偶然遇見了我的新鄰居們。此 處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was .that .，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句中的時間狀語從句。（2016

4、 天津高考改編）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.解析：that句意：你等錯地方了。長途客車是在賓館接游客。去掉it is和空格處后 句子結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整，因此本句是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句，填that。（2016 江蘇高考改編）Not until recently （do） they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.解析：did句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與

5、旅游相關(guān)的工程。not until 放在句首時句子要使用局部倒裝，此處指過去所發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)使用一般過去時。二、短文改錯常考點(diǎn)（2019 全國卷 II）They were two reasons for the decision.解析：They-There根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“（做出）這個決定的原因有兩個。本 句應(yīng)使用there be .句型。（2017 全國卷 I ）The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up! ” “Slow down! ” Turning left! ” 解析：Turning-Turn最后一句為祈使句，并和上文中

6、的“Speed up! ”和“Slow down! ”并列，故改為動詞原形Turn。（2016 浙江 6 月高考改編）Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.解析：Have-Had句意：要是沒有政府和科學(xué)家們的合作，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù) 就不會從2005年的最高值降下來。由主句使用“would have done”可知是對過去情況的虛 擬，故從句應(yīng)用had doneo本句為省略if

7、將had置于句首的情況。（2014 四川高考）Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.解析：go-goes句子的主語為a fire alarm,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。（2014 遼寧高考）The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.解析：havef has句子的主語為“The early morning barking”，故謂語動詞應(yīng)

8、用單 數(shù)形式。語法精析一一知規(guī)那么一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：“It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部+ that/who +句子其他局部?！?該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、狀語等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部是人，且作主語時， 可用who或that,其他情況下一律用thatoIt is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通過傾聽和相互理解，父母和孩子之間的問題才可能被解決。名師指津強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時，要注意連接詞和謂語

9、的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我們的老師幫助我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：“Is/Was + it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部+ that/who +句子其他 局部？ ”Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公園里遇到我們的新老師的嗎？.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：“特殊疑問詞+ is/was + it + that +句子其他局部？ ”When was it that he made up his mind to take thi

10、s course?他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的？名師指津由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語從句時、從句必須使用陳述語序。She doesn，t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是誰救了她的兒子。. not . . . until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：“It is/was not until . . . +that +句子其他 局部?！盜t was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分鐘后他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他把包落

11、在了出租車上。.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞用助動詞do, does或did來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定的陳 述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她確實(shí)告訴過我她的地址，但我全忘了。二、倒裝句（一）局部倒裝只把謂語的一局部（多為助動詞、系動詞be或情態(tài)動詞）置于主語之前的句子，叫局部 倒裝句。這類句型主要有以下幾種：.將含有否認(rèn)意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時引起局部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類詞（組）有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by

12、no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when . . . , no sooner . than ., not only . but also . ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意識到我應(yīng)該提高工作技能了。. “only修飾介詞短語、副詞或狀語從句”置于句首時，主句要用局部倒裝。Only when you can find peace in

13、your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有當(dāng)你的心態(tài)平和時，你才能與別人保持良好的關(guān)系。. so/such .that .結(jié)構(gòu)中的so, such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示 強(qiáng)調(diào)時，主句要用局部倒裝。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚(yáng)。.表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”（so表示肯定意義，neither/nor表示否認(rèn)意義）。I sa

14、w the film Ne Zha last week; so did she.上周我看了哪吒之魔童降世這部電影，她也看了。.在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句的表語/狀語/動詞要位于句首，構(gòu)成倒 裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。Strange as it may sound, if you re unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.盡管這聽起來很奇怪，但是如果你不滿意，問題不是缺少滿足你的愿望的方法，而是你 根本就沒有愿

15、望。.在虛擬條件句中，條件句中的if省略時，助動詞had, were, should要提到主語前 面。Should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他來了，告訴他給我打 。. “may +動詞原形”表示祝愿時，通常將 may置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝語序。May you succeed.祝你成功。(二)全部倒裝謂語動詞完全置于主語之前的句子，叫全部倒裝句。這類句型主要有以下幾種：. here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地點(diǎn)、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語

16、置于句首，且主語為名詞時，句子用全部倒裝。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.約翰翻開 門，他從來沒見過的一位女孩站在那兒。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一個小工廠。.有時為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提 到句首，構(gòu)成“表語+系動詞+主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.出席晚會的有格林 先生，還有許多其他

17、的賓客。三、省略句.狀語從句中的省略在 as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until 等弓| 導(dǎo)的犬語 從句中，假設(shè)謂語局部含be動詞，而主語又與主句的主語一致或從句主語是it時，從句的主 語和謂語中的be動詞可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.這本書里所有的照片，除非有說明，否那么，都要追溯到20世紀(jì)50年 代。.動詞不定式的省略在主動語態(tài)

18、中，感官動詞或使役動詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)足語時，往往將不定式符號to省 略；在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當(dāng)同一動作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時，通常省 略該動作而保存不定式符號tOoThe driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。.so/not構(gòu)成替代省略英語中還常常用so/not等來代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否認(rèn)內(nèi)容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe 等開頭

19、的答句中。一Do you think it will rain?你認(rèn)為會下雨嗎？一I hope so/not我希望下/不下。4.常用的省略結(jié)構(gòu)if ever如果有過的話if busy如果忙的話if anything如果有什么不同 if possible如果有可能的話if so如果那樣的話if not如果不的話if necessary如果有必要的話四、there be結(jié)構(gòu)、感嘆句和其他特殊句式()there be 結(jié)構(gòu)there be句型中的be可以有不同的時態(tài)，可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。There have been many great changes in our country sin

20、ce then.自從那時起我們 國家就發(fā)生了巨大的變化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某個地方一定出錯了。there be 句型中的 be 有時可用 seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist 等替換。There seems to be an announcement about the project.關(guān)于這個工程似乎有一個通知0There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧

21、有一個人路過。there be結(jié)構(gòu)的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事沒有意義。There is no doubt about . /that .毫無疑問There is no need （for sb.） to do sth.（某人）沒有必要做某事。There is （no） difficulty/trouble in doing sth. /with sth.（做）某事（沒）有困難/麻煩。There is （no） possibility of （doing） sth. /that .（做）某事（沒）有可能性。This doesn，

22、t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.這并不意味著我們正變得比以前更聰明或是不如以前聰明，但是毫無疑問，我們使用記 憶力的方式正在發(fā)生變化。（二）感嘆句What （ + a/an）+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語！What beautiful flowers they are!多么美麗的花??！How+形容詞+ a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！How clever a boy he is! =What

23、a clever boy he is!多聰明的男孩呀！How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！How high the mountain is!這山真高呀!（三）祈使句祈使句表示請求、命令、邀請、勸告或建議等。一般不出現(xiàn)主語，謂語動詞一律用原形; 否認(rèn)形式一般在動詞前加don，to祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式是在句首加dooDo be careful while you are crossing the street.過馬路時一定要小心。Don，t get close to that river.不要靠近那條河。應(yīng)用落實(shí)一一通方法一、單句語法填空The parents（Jidn，t tolerate their

24、 kids rudeness at the party, noi、did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.It was not until it grew dark that I realized that it was already too late for us to return home.Not until the early 19th century w

25、ere (be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today.一Who should be responsible for the action?一The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell).When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.解

26、題技法語法填空解題“2步驟”.注意分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定為何種特殊句式。.根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。(1)看到倒裝句，要注意其謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)；(2)看到there be句型要注意主謂一致和時態(tài)。二、單句改錯In a word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten, enjoyingf enjoyedI try not to show the passers-by what scared I really am, but its not possible, whatfhow. Hard although he tried, h

27、e was unable to make much progress, althoughf though/asAbout two miles away from my home stand a mountain which is really worth touring, standstandsIt was until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan, was 后力口 notSuch knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations i

28、n other countries, cpplyingf appliedStopping criticizing your children like this, or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings. Stoppingf StopI received his mothers telephone call at eleven. It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday. whenthat解題技法短文改錯解題“5關(guān)注

29、”“5關(guān)注”就是指關(guān)注各特殊句式的特點(diǎn)：(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型由“It is/was.that/who”.構(gòu)成，把It is/was和that/who去掉后不影響句子的完整性;倒裝句分為局部倒裝和全部倒裝；省略句?？紶钫Z從句與不定式中的省略；(4)感嘆句需注意其兩個感嘆詞“how”與“what” ；there be句型中應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注主謂一致性。三、高考寫作佳句（2020 新高考全國卷I寫作）比賽不僅提高了學(xué)生鍛煉的積極性，而且豐富了我們 的校園生活。Not only has the racing improved the enthusiasm of students to exercise, but i

30、t also enriched our campus life.（2020 浙江7月高考寫作）我們都認(rèn)為我們在英語方面的成功應(yīng)該歸功于你。We all think its you that we should owe our success in English to.（2019 全國卷HI書面表達(dá)）如果你還有其他問題，一定要告訴我。If you have any other questions, do let me know.只有來到中國，你才能體驗(yàn)中國的飲食文化。Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cult

31、ures.（2017 全國卷H書面表達(dá)）此外，還有一些著名的藝術(shù)家將在現(xiàn)場表演如何剪紙。In addition, there are famous artists performing how to cut paper on the spot.（2017 浙江6月高考寫作）正是由于他們的幫助，才防止了一場災(zāi)難。It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided.四、根據(jù)文意或括號內(nèi)提示詞填空Dealing with homeless families 1. j_s （be） one part of my job. It was from a single mother 2.that the very first call I had w