外研英語(yǔ)選修9Module1HowToWriteaSummary(共42張)課件

1、How To Write a SummaryHow To Write a SummaryWhat is a summary? A shortened version of the text (30 words)2.Main ieda of the text3.Written in your own words What is a summary? A shortened通讀短文，了解大意。2. 找出短文的主題句、關(guān)鍵詞。（沒(méi)有主題句的需要自己組合）3. 30個(gè)字左右，概括全文（1.刪去細(xì)節(jié), 保留主要事實(shí) 2.自己的話來(lái)寫作）。The Steps of Writing a Summary通讀短

2、文，了解大意。The Steps of Writing(1)定時(shí)態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)；如果是現(xiàn)在的，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(2)定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來(lái)寫作，特殊如書信的，可能會(huì)使用第一、二人稱；(3)定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。Attention:(1)定時(shí)態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)；如Rewrite the sentences according to the skills.Focus 1:sentence1.同義替換法 2. 正話反說(shuō)法3. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法 4. 句式變化法5. 連詞銜接法 6. 詞序改變法7. 細(xì)節(jié)省略法 8. 句意

3、理解(轉(zhuǎn)述)法Rewrite the sentences accordin(1)Use words of similar meanings同義替換法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.because(1)Use words of similar meanin(2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正話反說(shuō)法You will fail.You will _. not

4、succeed(2)Adopt the opposite way when(3)Change the part of speech詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patience is very important.Patience is _.of great importance(3)Change the part of speech詞(4)Change the structure of a sentence句式變化法語(yǔ)態(tài)變換：Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be given(4)Change the str

5、ucture of a s簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句：Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success.When _, children will achieve more success.whichgiven more praise簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句：Children

6、 should be enc(5)Use the shortest possible transitions連詞銜接法 注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead of(5)Use the shortest possible

7、t(6) Change the order of the words. 詞序改變法The secret of success was patience._ was _.Patiencethe secret of success(6) Change the order of the wo(7) Omit the details細(xì)節(jié)省略法Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead.(7) Omit the details細(xì)節(jié)省略法Dont(8) Make use of t

8、he meaning of a sentence句意理解(轉(zhuǎn)述)法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.(8) Make use of the meaning ofArgumentation議論文 2Narration記敘文1Exposition說(shuō)明文3Focus 2:Styles of passageArgumentation議論文 2Narration記敘文 Styles of PassagesStyles（體裁） Fu

9、nctions（功能）Narration(記敘文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)show the writers point of viewExposition (說(shuō)明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenon Styles of PassagesStyles（體裁） Exemplifying in Skills說(shuō)明文和新聞報(bào)道記敘文議論文中心句(通常在首段) 抓好關(guān)鍵詞現(xiàn)象分析型說(shuō)明文: “現(xiàn)象” “現(xiàn)象形成原因” “解決問(wèn)題的方法或建議” “五何”:

10、何時(shí) (when), 何地 (where), 何人 (who), 何事 (what) ,結(jié)果如何 (how) 夾敘夾議型: 加上作者的看法或感想等 以第三人稱或無(wú)人稱來(lái)概括找出中心論點(diǎn)以及最后的結(jié)論， 再補(bǔ)充論據(jù)針對(duì)不同文體寫短文概要Exemplifying in Skills說(shuō)明文和新聞報(bào)道Narration 記敘文 the six elements of a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)whyNarration 記敘文 the six elements仔細(xì)閱讀文章,尋找關(guān)鍵詞,確定關(guān)鍵句，抓住who, wh

11、at happened, 及the writers purpose.2.根據(jù)原文的詞句,一般指關(guān)鍵詞或段落的主題句 進(jìn)行改寫; 用相應(yīng)的同義詞，或進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換(如主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句等等). 3. 用連詞連接各部分，使它連貫.仔細(xì)閱讀文章,尋找關(guān)鍵詞,確定關(guān)鍵句，抓住who, whatExample: Read passage1 and find the following information1. Characters(who): 2. Key sentences(what happened):3. Topic (the writers purpose)Example: 1. Characte

12、rs(who): an old lady, her grandson, a gentlemanA warm-hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady. The old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.Characters(who): 2. Key sentences(what happened):3. Topic (the writers purpose)The importance of character developmentan old

13、lady, her grandson, a gA warm-hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady. The old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.細(xì)節(jié)省略法Give up her seat to her grandchild.(句意轉(zhuǎn)述法)簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)合句an old lady gives up the seat to her grandchild which was offered by a gentleman.A warm-hearted

14、 gentleman generSuggested sample : The author tells us the importance of character development of children by giving an example of an old lady who gives up the seat to her grandchild which was offered by a gentleman. (32 words)Suggested sample : Practice makes perfect!Read passage 2 and summarize th

15、e main ideaPractice makes perfect!Read pa5要素Who What How WhenwhereThe author/writer, hefelt angry and upset because his parents forgot to celebrate his birthday with himunderstood his parents after talking with his grandmotheron his last birthday5要素Who What How WhenThe author The author described wh

16、at happened on his last birthday. He felt disappointed because his parents couldnt have the celebration with him. But he came to understand them after talking to his grandmother.A possible version: The author described what The elements of an argumentation1.a strong statement of opinion. (the topic

17、sentences)2.support for the opinion. (supporting sentences)3. conclusion/suggestions.(the purpose of the passage)ArgumentationThe elements of an argumentati Methods:Find out the topic sentences, key words and phrases2. Find out the supporting evidences or facts.3. Find out the conclusion or the purp

18、ose of the passage .How to summarize an argumentation well? Methods:How to summarize aExample: Read passage3 and find the following information1. A strong statement of opinion. (the topic sentence):2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences)3. Conclusion/suggestionsExample: 1. A strong stateme

19、nt1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences) a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day3. Conclusion/suggestionsa good habit / benefit a lot 1. A strong statement of opi

20、ni The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day. The passage says getPractice makes perfect!Read passage 4 and summarize the main ideaPractice makes perfect!Read p

21、aThe article gives the view that when educating children, parents should praise and encourage them instead of scolding, which will help children to make progress and succeed. The article gives the view tha注意事項(xiàng)：“五定三忌” 定體裁；定主題；定時(shí)態(tài)； 定人稱；定技巧 忌照抄原文；忌私加觀點(diǎn)； 忌不符字?jǐn)?shù)。注意事項(xiàng)：“五定三忌”PracticePracticeThe writer tells

22、 us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man, who taught him a lesson. Passage 5The writer tells us patience wThe author highlights watching TV is helpful.In addition to its convenience to relax

23、 ourselves, watching TV also helps us learn a lotPassage 6The author highlights watchingThank you Thank you An argumentation I like watching TV very much, for I think it has many advantages. First of all, watching TV is a way to help us relax. After a day of hard work, we need a good rest. Pleasant

24、shows can make our mind and body much relaxed. There are many kinds of shows, such as sports programs, concerts, plays and films from all over the world. Its not possible for us to go to every place to enjoy all the activities within a short time. We usually need about eight hours to fly from New Yo

25、rk to Pairs, and about a week by train from Beijing to Moscow. But within just one second, TV can take us from an NBA game in New York to a fashion show in Pairs. Most importantly, watching TV is educational. We can learn all kinds of subjects through educational programs and special reports on TV.

26、For example, its easy for us to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian from a Russian teacher in Moscow. TV can even teach us good manners, how to cook, what to wear, and so on.An argumentation I like w2014屆常州一模卷Recently many advisers have called for reforms of the English language testing syst