2022年北京高考英語(yǔ)閱讀D篇分析講義-高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考

1、北京高考英語(yǔ)閱讀D篇分析和答案解析本篇文章涉及量子計(jì)算（quantum computing）和量子計(jì)算機(jī)（quantum computers）。為了便于更好地理解該文，我們先普及一點(diǎn)關(guān)于量子的知識(shí)。百度有言：量子假設(shè)的提出有力地沖擊了經(jīng)典物理學(xué)，促進(jìn)物理學(xué)進(jìn)入微觀層面，奠基現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)。但直到現(xiàn)在，物理學(xué)家關(guān)于量子力學(xué)的一些假設(shè)仍然不能被充分地證明，仍有很多需要研究的地方。Since some hypotheses of quantum mechanics cant be fully proved and there is still much to study, the controversy

2、 and uncertainty about quantum computers is reasonable, 既然量子力學(xué)的一些假設(shè)仍然不能被充分證明，且有很多需要研究之處，那關(guān)于量子計(jì)算機(jī)的爭(zhēng)議和不確定性便在情理之中。在資金追逐和媒體熱捧下，量子計(jì)算能否達(dá)到研究者所做出的承諾？（原文）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the bigge

3、st challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.對(duì)于牽掛心頭的quantum computers，作者通過(guò)兩種方式加以了解：一是articles on how quantum computers mig

4、ht help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans，也即通過(guò)朋友所送的關(guān)于量子計(jì)算機(jī)如何可能幫助解決我們?nèi)祟?lèi)遇見(jiàn)的一些最大挑戰(zhàn)的文章；再有exchanges with two quantum-computing experts，也即，和兩位量子計(jì)算專(zhuān)家進(jìn)行交流。讓我們看看兩位專(zhuān)家的身份。Chris Johnson，a computer scientist，who helps keep the field honest，作為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的Chris Johnson，有助于保持該領(lǐng)域的誠(chéng)實(shí)。第二位量子計(jì)算專(zhuān)家也是物理學(xué)家，P

5、hilip Taylor，a physicist。（原文）For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn

6、climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”Based on the articles

7、 he has read ，作者得出，量子計(jì)算為little more than a laboratory curiosity，也即，量子計(jì)算只不過(guò)是實(shí)驗(yàn)室好奇而已。big tech companies and many smaller ones have invested in it，當(dāng)前，一些大的科技公司和很多小的公司已對(duì)該領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行投資。商業(yè)周刊（Business Weekly）（刊文）言及quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposi

8、te direction”，量子機(jī)器可能會(huì)幫助我們治愈癌癥，甚至可以采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反方向。商業(yè)周刊的說(shuō)辭在Johnson 看來(lái)只是讓其惱火的炒作。His worry is that researchers are making promises they cant keep，他則擔(dān)心（該領(lǐng)域）研究者正在做出他們不能信守的承諾。此處我們可以聯(lián)系一下第一自然段關(guān)于Johnson的介紹信息。但Johnson不乏幽默地說(shuō)到，“Whats new is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum compu

9、ting researchers”，（該領(lǐng)域）新的東西是量子計(jì)算研究者現(xiàn)在有可能獲得數(shù)百萬(wàn)美金。（原文）As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to do

10、ubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that

11、 brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.從big tech companies and many smaller ones的關(guān)于量子計(jì)算的funding 或investment，到Business Weekly等媒體對(duì)之報(bào)道的推波助瀾，researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential，研究者可能誤導(dǎo)了投

12、資者，記者。大眾，甚至他們自身關(guān)于他們工作的潛能。故此Johnson 警告，if researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger，如果研究者不能信守承諾，隨著激動(dòng)褪去，將代之以懷疑，失望和憤怒。Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement，如果說(shuō)很多其他科技都曾經(jīng)歷興奮階段，但在Johnson看來(lái)，perhaps because “quantum stands

13、for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand”，something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype，或許正是因?yàn)榱孔哟碇覀兛赡茈y以理解的事物，所以量子計(jì)算的某些方面極易受到炒作。Johnson給出量子計(jì)算易受熱炒的原因。一句And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum，很自然地把讀者引向物理學(xué)家也是量子計(jì)算專(zhuān)家的Taylor和

14、其論著Q for Quantum。（原文）After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.Taylors book Q for Quantum answ

15、ered my questions about it and my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016，Taylor的書(shū)既解疑了我對(duì)量子計(jì)算的問(wèn)題，同時(shí)也回答了我的關(guān)于此前他與他人共創(chuàng)的PyQuantum公司的一些問(wèn)題。關(guān)于Johnsons concerns about hype，在Taylor看來(lái)，不適應(yīng)于他的PyQuantum公司。（原文）The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to bu

16、ilding a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”關(guān)于PyQuantum及其研發(fā)的a “useful” quan

17、tum computer，Taylor認(rèn)為前者 is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin” to building a “useful” quantum computer，也即PyQuantum“以明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)”要比任何其他公司更接近于建造一臺(tái)“有用的”量子計(jì)算機(jī)。The quantum computer solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise, 該量子計(jì)算機(jī)可以解決一個(gè)我們不能解決且影響深遠(yuǎn)的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)該段，我們

18、可以看出Taylor對(duì)于合辦公司PyQuantum及其待開(kāi)發(fā)的quantum computer的前景所持的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。再看其接下來(lái)的話語(yǔ)，“People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others”，人們自然會(huì)對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)不屑一顧，但他則花了大量時(shí)間對(duì)比他人和自己所做的（產(chǎn)品）。（原文）Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by

19、a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.針對(duì)Taylor所說(shuō)的leading all the competition “by a wide margin”，也即PyQuantun是否大幅領(lǐng)先于（該領(lǐng)域）所有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，作者的答案則是I dont know。從Im certainly

20、not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers，我們可知，作者一定不會(huì)建議朋友或任何他人投資量子計(jì)算機(jī)。就兩位專(zhuān)家所言，作者給出了I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson，也即，兩者皆信。答案解析：31Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.AsympatheticBunconcernedCdoubtfulDexcited解析：此題信息源自第二自然段和第三自然段。Johnsons concerns在

21、于researchers are making promises they cant keep，也即關(guān)于量子計(jì)算的hype（炒作）的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。從作者論述當(dāng)中可以排除答案B（不關(guān)心），D（興奮），和C（懷疑）。正確答案A（同情的；贊同的；支持的），此處應(yīng)理解為贊同的，支持的。此題仍有難度，主要在于sympathy和sympathetic在以往記憶中的語(yǔ)義單一化。32What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?AHis dominance in physics.BThe competition in the field.CHis con

22、fidence in PyQuantum.DThe investment of tech companies.解析：此題信息源自第五自然段。從The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer和 “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what

23、we are doing with others.”可以推出答案選C。也即他對(duì)合辦公司PyQuantum的信心。33What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AOpen. BCool. CUseful. DResistant.解析：此題答案選A。做題方法為，先對(duì)該詞所在句But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quant

24、um stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”加以分析推理，再把四個(gè)答案帶入其中。再有，其他答案更不合理。此處open to應(yīng)理解為“易受”。34Which would be the best title for the passage?AIs Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?BIs Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?CWill Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?DWill Quantum Computing Eve