中國文化通覽習(xí)題

1、Quiz1(ChapterOne)PartOneTorFQuestions:(10%)1.ChinasancientcivilizationoriginatedmainlyintheYellowRiverValleyandtheYangtzeRiverValley.()2.InPrimitivesociety,threetypesofregionaleconomyfarming,pasturageandfishinggraduallycameintoexistence.()3.IntheQinDynasty,Taoismcameintobeing.()4.Buddhismwasintroduc

2、edtoChinainmiddleoftheHanDynasties.()5.ThefourgreatinventionsallappearedinSongDynasty.()6.Menciussupposedthateverymaniskindbynature.()TheFiveClassicsincludesTheBookofSongs,CollectionsofAncientTexts,TheRites,TheBookofChangesandTheBookofAnalectsbyConfucius.()8.SituatedinthecontinentofSoutheastAsia,Chi

3、naislocatedinrelativelyenclosedgeographicalsurroundings.()9.TheuniquethinkingpatternoftheChinesearethedialecticalthinkingandthethinkinginthemodeofConfucianclassics(study).10.ThescrollofpaintingentitledTheFestivalofPureBrightnessontheRiverpresentedavividpanoramaofthetownlifeinTangDynasty.()PartTwoBla

4、nkfilling:(30%)Thecultureincludesthe_and_aswellastheirmaterializedpresentations._,_,_and_wereregardedasthefourgreatestclassicalnovelsinChineseculture.ThemainstreamoftheancientChineseculturewasbasedonthe_.ThestructureoftheChinesecultureistypicalof_.Theagriculturalsociety,whichlastedforseveralthousand

5、years,with_intheleadingposition,exertedastronginfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheChineseculture.TherealisticlifetheChinesewereafterwasto“keepyourfamilyinorder,governthestateeffectivelyand_”.LaoZisidealsocietyis_.8.Themajorproductivemodewasthenaturalfamilyeconomywiththeman_andthewomanweavingathome.9.Inter

6、msoftheirworldviewandphilosophyoflife，theChinesedevelopedarationalnationofseekingforharmonyand_aswellasanoptimisticsentimenttobecontentwithoneslot.10.ThecoreoftheConfucianideologyis_and_.PartThreeTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)文化交融，政治一致勸農(nóng)抑商推陳出新炎黃后代甲骨文焚書坑儒消災(zāi)祈福性善論時來運轉(zhuǎn)普天之下，難道王土，率土之濱，難道王臣Theroles

7、agricultureplayedinancientChina.(5%)HowcantheChineseculturebetheonlyonethathaslastedforthousandsofyearswithoutsuspension?(10%)3.WhydidChineseupholdthenotionof“onenessofman(7%)andnature”?4.HowdidConfucianismandTaoismexplain“Heaven(8%)”respectively?5.Explain“thegoldenmean(10%)”.Quiz1(Key)PartOneTorFQu

8、estions:(10%)TTFQinDynasty改為HanDynastyTF更正：Threegreatinventions(theartofprinting,themakingofthegunpowderandcompass)appearedinSongDynasty.TFTheBookofAnalectsbyConfucius改為TheSpringandAutumnAnnalsFSoutheastAsia改為EastAsiaTFTangDynasty改為SongDynastyspiritualculture,behavioralcultureTheRomanceoftheThreeKin

9、gdoms,HeroesoftheMarshes,PilgrimagetotheWest,ADreamofRedMansionsagriculturalcivilizationintegratedpluralismthesmall-scalepeasanteconomybringpeacetotheworldasmallstatewithasmallpopulationcultivatingthelandmaintaining,equilibriumpropriety,benevolencePartThreeTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)cultu

10、ralfusionandpoliticalunityencouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommercediscardingtheoldandembracingthenewthedescendantsofYandiandHuangditheinscriptionsontortoiseshellsoranimalbonesburningbooksandburyingConfucianscholarsaliveavertingcalamitiesandprayingforblessingsthetheoryoforiginalgoodnessofhumannatureOuto

11、fdepthofmisfortunecomesbliss.10.Allthelandunderthesunbelongstotheking;allthepeoplewithinthiscountryarethekingssubjects.1.TherolesagricultureplayedinancientChina.(5%)AgriculturewasfundamentaltothedevelopmentofancientChina.ItisinstrumentalinmoldingthebasicsocialoutlookofancientChina.Agricultureshapedt

12、hepoliticalsystemandideology:encouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommerce.(P3)2.HowcantheChineseculturebetheonlyonethathaslastedforthousandsofyearswithoutsuspension?(10%)Itisattributedtoitsinnatestructureofintegratedpluralismandessentialqualityofaself-confidentmagnanimity.“Pluralismthe”:factthatChinesecult

13、ureisablendingofsomanydifferentculturesandculturesfromextraneousplaces.“Integratedvarious”:culturesmeltintoaunity,formingadistinctlyChineseculturewithcommonvalues.Withtheabilitytodiscardtheoldandembracethenew,theChineseculturecanabsorbforeignculturesconstantlyandhassurvivedallkindsofordealsandturmoi

14、l.(P4)3.WhydidChineseupholdthenotionof“onenessofmanandnature”?(7%)Becausetheagriculturalproductionreliedheavilyontheblessingofnature;thereforethepremiseofitssuccesslayincomplyingwithfarmingseasonsandhavingfavorableweather;henceemergedtheinitialideaofharmonyofmanwithnature,whichemphasizedtheharmonyan

15、dtheinseparablerelationshipbetweenmanandnature.(P13)4.HowdidConfucianismandTaoismexplain“Heaven”(8%)respectively?InConfucianism,Heavenmeansthemoralizationofpersonality,indicatingsublimemoralityandspirit.Confucianismstressesmoralcultivation.InTaoism,itmeansthenaturalizationofpersonality,apristineandn

16、aturalspiritinitsoriginalstate.Taoismreturnstothenature.(P13)5.Explain“thegoldenmean.”(10%)1)ZhongyongorthegoldenmeaniscomposedoftwoChinesecharacters.Zhongmeansneithertoomanynortoofew,neithertoomuchnortoolittle;yongmeansneitheroutstandingnorcommon.Inotherwords,whateveryoudoandwhomeveryouhappentodeal

17、with,youshouldalwaysadheretothisprinciple.(P97)2)Thegoldenmeanisamethodology.Itstressestheunityofopposites(矛盾的對峙一致),likethatofbenevolenceandritesinpolitics,povertyandwealthineconomy,righteousnessandinterestsinethics,teachingandlearningaswellaslearningandthinkingineducation,moralintegrityandability,p

18、olishandsubstanceaswellasforceandgraceinthemoldingofpersonality.Itattemptstoseekarelativeequilibriumbetweentwocontradictorysides.Itisfortheimpartial(不偏不倚)andmildbutagainsttheextreme.(P13)Quiz2(ChapterFive)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.TheBookofPoetryiscompiledbyConfucius.()2.TheBookofRitesmainlydiscus

19、sestheprinciplesofconductofthescholar-bureaucrats.()3.TheBookofHistoryisthesourceofnarrativewritinginChina.()4.KunOperawasgraduallyonthewanebecauseitwasonlyenjoyedbythenoblesintheroyalcourt,notthegeneralpublic.()5.AccordingtoTheDoctrineoftheMean,loyalty,filialpiety,benevolenceandproprietyareallparts

20、ofhumannature.()6.WhileConfuciusadvocated“killingoneselfforyi”,Menciusencouraged“killingoneselfforren”.()7.isacollectionofthesayingandteachingsofConfucius.()TheConfucianAnalects8.TheDoctrineoftheMeanisanotheressayinTheBookofRites,whichisabouttheConfucianPhilosophyoflife.()9.Ofalltypesofthetraditiona

21、lChinesepaintings,figurepaintinghasthemostcognitiveandinstructivesignificance.()10.TraditionalChineseflower-and-birdpaintingembodiestheaestheticrelationshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandnaturalbeing.()11.LandscapepaintingistheearliestkindoftraditionalChinesepainting.()12.OuyangXun,YanZhenqing,LiuGongqua

22、noftheTangDynastyandZhaoMengfuoftheYuanDynastyarecollectivelyknownasthe“FourGreatMastersoftheRegular()Script”.13.Chinesecalligraphyhasfivemajorscripts.()TraditionalChinesefigurepaintingsaredividedintofourmajorcategories:gongbi,xieyi,baimiao,pomo.()15.TheFourBooksreferstoTheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineo

23、fTheMean,TheConfucianAnalectsandTheWorksofMencius.()16.TheSpringandAutumnAnnalsisacanonicalbookofhistory.()17.TheBookofHistoryisacompletecollectionofthehistoryancientChina.()18.YiChingisabookusedfortheinterpretationofYiZhuan.()19.TheDoctrineoftheMeanisasisterchaptertoTheGreatLearning.()20.Artisticco

24、nceptionisthesouloftraditionalChineselandscapepainting.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(40%)1.TheFirstmajorcollectionofChinesepoemsis_.2.Thecoreofrenis“_or”“_.”Calligraphyisknownforitsbeautifulshape,_andartisticconception.XiYincanbeclassifiedintoofficialsealsand_.AccordingtotheConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynast

25、y,whileTheGreatLearningis_,TheDoctrineoftheMeanteaches_.TheFourTreasuresoftheStudyare_,ink-stick,paperand_.Sealcutting,thoughbasedon_,isacomparativelyindependenttraditionalartform.TheGreatLearningisaboutthe_andthewisdomsof_duringthe“daxue”periodofancientChina.9.Subjectsasplums,_,bambooand_becamevery

26、popularamongtheliteratipainters.TheBookofRitesincludesYiLi,ZhouLiand_.Accordingtotheperformancestyle,BeijingOperacanbedividedinto_,whicharecharacterizedbysingingandacting,and“martialones,”whichfeatureacrobaticsandstunts.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithout_.TheFourBooksandTheF

27、iveClassicsareamustforancientscholarswhohadtopassthe_tobecomegovernmentofficials.YiZhuanputsforwardan_,regardingtaijiortheSupremeUltimateasthe“primarybeginning”ortheoriginofeverythinginthisworld.Yiis_undertheguidanceofren.PartThreeTranslation(30%)SectionA:Translationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)1.祭歌2.

28、東方思想模式3.悲天憫人，人皆有之4.霸王別姬5.臉譜6.閑情逸致的仕女仁者樂山，智者樂水寄物言志9.楷書10.文化代碼SectionB:Translationofthefollowingparagraph(10%)京劇是一門文雅的古典藝術(shù)，是中華民族文化的珍寶，是中國的國粹。京劇藝術(shù)的歷史悠長，積厚流光，內(nèi)容豐厚，形式完滿，風(fēng)格獨到，直到現(xiàn)在日，還能令無數(shù)中外觀眾為之傾倒。京劇劇目豐富多彩，目不暇接。依據(jù)不一樣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從不一樣的角度，可區(qū)分為不一樣的種類。PartFourQuestions:(10%)ExplaintheconceptofrenandyiinTheConfucianAnalec

29、ts.Quiz2(Key)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)FKey：TheBookofPoetryisnotcompiledbyConfucius.TTTFKey：propriety改為love6.FKey：WhileConfuciusadvocated“killingoneselfforren”,Menciusencouraged“killingoneselfforyi”.FKey：Confucius改為Confuciusandhisdisciples.TTTFKey：Landscapepainting改為Figurepainting.TTFKey：four改為five，

30、pomo后加上jianbi.TTFKey：complete改為incomplete.FKey：YiChing與YiZhuan的地點交換.TTTheBookofPoetryThebenevolentloveothers,universalloverichemotionprivatesealsagatewaytoperfectvirtue,thewaysoftheworldthewritingbrush,ink-slabChinesecalligraphycultivationofonesmoralcharacter,governingacountryorchids,chrysanthemumsL

31、iJi“civil”piecesprinciplesimperialcompetitiveexaminationontologicaltheorythecodesofconductPartThreeTranslation(30%)SectionA:Translationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)sacrificialsongsorientalmodeofthinkingAllmenhavenaturalsympathies.FarewellMyConcubinefacialmake-upleisurelyandcarefreebeautiesAtruemanlove

32、sthemountains;awisemanlovesthesea.expressingideasthroughcertainobjectsRegularScriptculturaltokensSectionB:Translationofthefollowingparagraph(10%)BeijingOperaisarefinedclassicalart.ItisatreasureoftheChinesenationaswellasaculturalsymbolofChina.Richincontent,perfectinformanduniqueinstyle,BeijingOpera,w

33、ithalonghistory,isstillenjoyedbyalargeChineseaudience.ThereisalonglistofBeijingOperaswithawiderangeofsubjects.BeijingOperacanbedividedintodifferenttypesaccordingtodifferentcriteriaorapproaches.PartFourQuestions:(10%)(1)Renorhumanityorbenevolenceisrichincontent,andvariedinform.Thecoreoftheconceptis“T

34、hebenevolentloveothers”oruniversallove,whichisthebasicvirtueentlemofangofnoblecharacter.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithoutprinciples.Oneshouldbeclearaboutwhattoloveorhate.RenistheNo.1principleofbeingadecentman.Itisactuallytheessenceofliandyue.(2)Apartfromren,Confuciusputforw

35、ardanotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecodesofconductundertheguidanceofren.Quiz3(ChapterSix)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.Wushubegantotakeshapeinthestruggleofthepeopleagainstnature.()2.TheearliestembroideryunearthedsofardatesbacktotheWarringStatesPeriod.()3.Chinesechessoriginatesfromancient

36、andyigames,bothofwhichbowereintellectualboardgameswidespreadduringtheQinperiod.()4.Itisgenerallybelievedthatfirecrackersdevelopedfromfireworks.()5.InChina,tug-ofwaroriginatedintheWarringStatesPeriod.()6.Block-printedChineseNewYearpicturesfallintofourgroupschubbybabies,figuresofladies,commoncustoms,a

37、ndlegendarystories.()Folkspinningandweavinghaveundergonethreeimportanthistoricalphasesintheirlonghistoryofdevelopment.Namely,cottonfabricperiod,silkfabricperiodandflaxfabricperiodsequentially.()About3000yearsago,thedragondancewasperformedwhenpeopleofferedsacrificestoHeaven.()9.Chinesechesshas16piece

38、sofchessoneachside.()10.InmanypartsofChina,paper-cuttingskillhasbecomeamustforwomen,oldandyoung,andthesymbolofaclevermindandnimblefingersforChineseladiesasawhole.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)Thefourmajorschoolsofembroideryaresu,_,yueandxiang.Fromtheperspectiveoftechniques,themostrepresentativeofChinas

39、printinganddyeinghandiworkareprintinganddyeing,_and_.Followingthetraditionof_inChineseculture,thekiteartisansorcraftsmeninWeifanghaveinventedthe“dragon-headedcentipede”.4.TheChinesewords“tao”(ceramics)arethegeneraltermforci_and_together.Paper-cut,atraditionalChinesefolkart,takesthescissorsorengravin

40、gknifeasthetooland_asthematerialtocutvariousmotifsorpatterns.Fireworksareprimarilyknownfor_whilefirecrackersforloudsound.7.Lanternshowisthemajorfolkactivityof_oryuanxiaoJie.Usually,theshehuoshowincludes_,horse-riding,liondances,dragondancesandtheland-boatyangge.PartThreeMultiplechoice(30%)1.Whenwere

41、ChinesekitesintroducedtoKorea,Japan,MalaysiaandsomeothercountriesbeforetheywerebroughttoEuropeandAmerica?A.aftertheTangDynastyB.aftertheMingDynastyC.aftertheQingDynastyD.aftertheSongDynasty2.Nowadayspaper-cutartisansfallintotwogroups.Whatarethey?A.artisticandprofessionalB.simpleandamateurC.sophistic

42、atedandartisticD.professionalandamateurEachclanadoptedtheimageofananimalasitsemblemandthisbecametheclanstotem.Andwhoadoptedthedragonasthetotemofhistribe?A.EmperorWudiofHanDynastyB.thefirstemperorinQindynastyC.EmperorHuangdiD.EmperorYandi4.Fromtheperspectiveofactingstyles,liondancecanbecategorizedint

43、otwotypes.Whatarethey?A.strongandwildB.gentleandwildC.simpleandcomplexD.quietandstrong5.FivekilnsstoodoutasmostprestigiousintheSongDynasty.WhichprovincewasDingKilnin?A.ZhejiangB.JiangxiC.HebeiD.Henan6.Firecrackersaregenerallysubdividedintothreecategories,whichonebelowarenotincluded?A.single-bangfire

44、crackersB.cannonadecrackersC.groundfireworksD.double-bangfirecrackers7.Wushucanbedividedintothreeparts,whichoneisnotincluded?A.QuanshuB.QixieC.DuilianD.Sanda8.PotteryhasalonghistoryinChina.Itwasinventedin_.A.theEastZhouperiodB.theearlyNewStoneAgeC.theWestZhouperiodD.ShangDynasty_referstoafolkhandicr

45、aftofhand-weavingrattanorcanetomakehouseholdwareandartisticwork.A.WoodcarvingB.bamboowareC.RattanbasketworkD.wickerwork10.Whichoneisnotfolkhandicraft?A.Paper-cutB.TextileC.LanternshowD.CeramicsPartFourTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)1.兵馬俑2.青瓷3.唐三彩4.紫沙壺金縷玉衣6.避邪7.玉佩8.雙面繡9.腰鼓十八般武藝PartFiveQuestion

46、s:(10%)ExplainYuan“Xiao”.Quiz3(Key)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)TTFQinperiodpre-QinperiodFfirecrackers和fireworks交換FtheWarringStatesPeriodtheSpringandAutumnPeriodTFcottonfabricperiod和flaxfabricperiod交換TTTPartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)shuwax-dyeing,tie-dyeingdragonworshippottery,porcelaincoloredpapercolorfuls

47、parksLanternfestivalstilt-walkingPartThreeMultiplechoice(30%)1-5ADCBC6-10CDBCCPartFourTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)terracottawarriorsandhorsesblueporcelaintricoloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynastytheboccaroteapotjadeclothessewnwithgoldthreadanti-eviljadependentdouble-facedembroiderywaistdrumd

48、anceskillinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsPartFiveQuestions:(10%)ExplainYuan“Xiao”.Thenamederivesitselffromthefactthatthefirstlunarmonthiscalledyuanmonthandintheancienttimespeoplecallednightxiao.The15thdayisthefirstnighttoseeafullmoon.SothedayisalsocalledYuanxiaoFestival,whenthousandsofcolorfullanternsh

49、ungoutforpeopletoappreciate.Atthistime,peoplewilltrytosolvethepuzzlesonthelanternsandeatyuanxiaoandgetalltheirfamiliesunitedinthejoyfulatmosphere.Quiz4(ChapterSeven)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.Zhengjiangcuisinehasadishcalled“happiness(andlongevity)”.2.InancientChina,therewererulesaboutdrinkingwine.F

50、orexample,themouthofthewinebottleshouldntbepointedtowardthemostseniorpeople.()3.InancientChina,beforemarriage,abridegroomsfamilywouldconductthe“teaaccepting”,andthebridesfamily“teagiftgiving()”.4.StudyofancientChinesedocumentshowstheXingoriginallyreferredtothenamesofdifferentpatrilinealtribes.()5.Ch

51、opsticksupperpartsareroundandlowerpartssquare(.)6.Originallyteawasusedasamedicineinsteadofdrink.()7.ShididnotchangewhileXingchangedandsometimeschangedmorethanonce.()8.Shioriginallyreferredtotheclannamesofthenobility,anditsuggestedapersonssocialstatus.()9.TheSpringFestivalfallsonthefirstdayofthefirst

52、monthaccordingtothesolarcalendar.()10.IntheancientChinesecalendricsystem,thedesignationofyearsbyHeavenlyStemsandEarthlyBranchesdemonstratestheuniqueculturalcharacteristics.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)1.Madeoftendertealeaves(shoots),longjingteahasthefollowingfourcharacteristicsgreenincolor,_,sweetinta

53、steand_.Accordingtofolkcustoms,achildwasgivenamingbyhisfatherwhenitwas_monthold,andamangothisziwhenhewas_yearsold.Chinesefestivalsoriginatedfromtheancient_.Inthepast,Chinesepeopleoftensataroundaso-called_,atablewitharectangulartop,normallywitheightseatsaroundit.ThemainvarietiesofChineseteaaregreente

54、a,blacktea,scentedtea,_andtightlycompressedtea.Ancientxinghadtwosources,onewasthenameoftheplaceswheretheancienttribeslived,theothersourcewas_.TodayaChinesepersonsnameconsistsof_andagivenname.Duringtheperiodofdrinking,peopleoftenplayed_.1.Itisgenerallyheldthatchopsticksbegantobecalledkuaizisincethe_.

55、OolongteatreeswerefirstfoundonWuyiMountainin_._isthemostpopularamongscentedtea._,DoubleNinthFestivalwasofficiallydefinedastheChineseFestivalforSeniorCitizens.A.IntheQingDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.In1989D.IntheYuanDynasty5.Fromthescientificpointofview,theearliestwinewas_.A.grainwineB.anaturallyfermentedfruitwineC.twicefermente