新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語4課文翻譯1.ManintheRealmofNature

1、ManintheRealmofNatureAlexanderSpirkin1RTHumanbeingsliveintherealmofnature.Theyareconstantlysurroundedbyitandinteractwithit.Manisconstantlyawareoftheinfluenceofnatureintheformoftheairhebreathes,thewaterhedrinks,andthefoodheeats.Weareconnectedwithnaturebybloodtiesandwecannotliveoutsidenature.人在自然界亞歷山大

2、斯伯金人類生活在大自然的王國里。他們時(shí)刻被大自然所包圍并與之相互影響。人類呼吸的空氣、喝下的水和攝存。入的食物，無一不令人類時(shí)刻感知到大自然的影響。我們與大自然血肉相連，離開大自然，我們將無法生存。2Manisnotonlyadwellerinnature,healsotransformsit.Humanityconvertsnatureswealthintothemeansofthecultural,historicallifeofsociety.Manhassubduedanddisciplinedelectricityandcompelledittoservetheinterestsof

3、society.Notonlyhasmantransferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimateofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.人類不僅生活在大自然之中，同時(shí)也在改變著大自然。人類把自然資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦鞣N文化，社會(huì)歷史的財(cái)富。人類降服并控制了電，迫使它為人類社會(huì)的利益服務(wù)。人類不僅把各種各樣的動(dòng)植物轉(zhuǎn)移到不同的氣候環(huán)境，也改變了他生活環(huán)境的地貌和氣候并使動(dòng)植物因之而發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。3A

4、ssocietydevelops,mantendstobecomelessdependentonnaturedirectly,whileindirectlyhisdependencegrows.Ourdistantancestorslivedinfearofnaturesdestructiveforces.Veryoftentheywereunabletoobtainthemerestdailynecessities.However,despitetheirimperfecttools,theyworkedtogetherstubbornly,collectively,andwereablet

5、oattainresults.Naturewasalsochangedthroughinteractionwithman.Forestsweredestroyedandtheareaoffarmlandincreased.Naturewithitselementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostiletoman.Theforest,forexample,wassomethingwildandfrighteningandpeopletriedtoforceittoretreat.Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilisation,whic

6、hmeanttheplaceswheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wheretheforesthadbeencutdown.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人類對(duì)大自然的直接依賴越來越少，而間接的依賴卻越來越多。我們遠(yuǎn)古的祖先生活在大自然的威脅及破壞力的恐懼之中，他們常常連基本的生活物資都無法獲取。然而，盡管工具不甚完備，他們卻能同心協(xié)力，頑強(qiáng)工作，并總是有所收獲。在與人類的相互作用中，大自然也發(fā)生了改變。森林被破壞了，耕地面積增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人類敵對(duì)的東西。譬如，森林被認(rèn)為是野性的和令人恐懼的，因此人類便想方設(shè)法使其面積縮小。這

7、一切都是打著“文明”的旗號(hào)進(jìn)行的，所謂“文明”，就是人類在哪里建立家園，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。4Butastimegoesonmankindbecomesincreasinglyconcernedwiththequestionofwhereandhowtoobtainirreplaceablenaturalresourcesfortheneedsofproduction.Scienceandmanspracticaltransformingactivitieshavemadehumanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindus

8、trialtransformationoftheearth.然而，隨著歲月的流逝，人類越來越關(guān)注的是在何處得到和如何得到生產(chǎn)所需的不可替代的自然資源的問題。科學(xué)與人類改變大自然的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)已經(jīng)使人類意識(shí)到了工業(yè)在改變地球的進(jìn)程中對(duì)地質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的重大影響。5Atpresentthepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsofbreakingdown.Theproblemoftheso-calledreplaceableresourcesofthebio

9、spherehasbecomeparticularlyacute.Itisgettingmoreandmoredifficulttosatisfytheneedsofhumanbeingsandsocietyevenforsuchasubstance,forexample,asfreshwater.Theproblemofeliminatingindustrialwasteisalsobecomingincreasinglycomplex.目前，人與自然以及自然與社會(huì)整體之間過去存在的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，已呈現(xiàn)崩潰的跡象。生物圈中所謂可替代資源的問題變得極為尖銳。人類和社會(huì)的需求，即便是簡(jiǎn)單得像淡水一樣

10、的物質(zhì)，也變得越來越難以滿足清除工業(yè)廢物的問題也變得日益復(fù)雜。6Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyaneverincreasingabundanceofproducedandusedsyntheticgoods.Hundredsofthousandsofsyntheticmaterialsarebeingmade.Peopleincreasinglycovertheirbodiesfromheadtofootinnylonandothersynthetic,glitteringfabricsthatareobviouslynotgoodforthem.Young

11、peoplemayhardlyfeelthis,andtheypaymoreattentiontoappearancethantohealth.Buttheybecomemoreawareofthisharmfulinfluenceastheygrowolder.現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的特征是生產(chǎn)和使用日益豐富的人工合成產(chǎn)品。人們生產(chǎn)成千上萬的人工合成材料。人們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟赜媚猃埡推渌嗽炖w維把自己從頭到腳地包裹起來，這些絢麗的織物顯然對(duì)他們無益。年輕人或許很少注意到這一點(diǎn)，他們更關(guān)注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年歲之后，他們就會(huì)感受到這種有害的影響。7RTAstimegoesonthesynthetico

12、utputofproductionturnsintowaste,andthensubstancesthatintheiroriginalformwerenotverytoxicaretransformedinthecycleofnaturalprocessesintoaggressiveagents.Todaybothnaturalscientistsandphilosophersareaskingthemselvesthequestion:Ismansdestructionofthebiosphereinevitable?久而久之，這些合成物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變成廢棄物，那些原本毒性不大的物質(zhì)在自然循環(huán)中

13、變?yōu)闃O其有害的物質(zhì)。自然科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家如今都在問自己這樣一個(gè)問題：人類對(duì)生物圈的破壞難道是無法避免的嗎？close8Theman-naturerelationthecrisisoftheecologicalsituationisaglobalproblem.ItssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproductionitselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustbyindividuals,enterprisesorcountries,butbyallhumanity.Oneofthewaystodealwit

14、hthecrisissituationintheman-naturesystemistousesuchresourcesassolarenergy,thepowerofwinds,therichesoftheseasandoceansandother,asyetunknownnaturalforcesoftheuniverse.人與大自然的關(guān)系生態(tài)環(huán)境的危機(jī)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)全球性問題。這一問題的解決之道在于理性而明智地協(xié)調(diào)生產(chǎn)和對(duì)大自然的關(guān)愛之間的關(guān)系，這不僅要依靠個(gè)人、企業(yè)或者某些國家的力量，而且要依靠全人類的力量。解決人與大自然關(guān)系危機(jī)的方法之一，就是使用太陽能、風(fēng)能、海洋能等資源，以及其他尚不為人所知的宇宙中的自然能。9Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactionswhichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threatentobringdisasterandthisdisastermayturnouttobeuni