英語國家概況答案

1、英語作業(yè)答案Unit1.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.TheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.(T)英倫三島包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.(F)BritishTodaymorethanhalfofthepeo

2、pleinWalesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.(F)Intermsofpopulationandarea，NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartoftheUnitedKingdom.(F)英格蘭是面積最大，人口最多的TheIongestriverofBritainoriginatesinWales.(T)TheRiverSevern:賽文河Becauseofpoliticaltroubles，NorthernIrelandhasbeenquitesignificantamongthefourconstituentpa

3、rtsoftheUnitedKingdom.(T)ChoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatementsThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesare.不列顛群島是由兩個(gè)大島組成的：不列顛和AGreatBritainandIrelandB.GreatBritainandScotlandC.GreatBritainandWalesD.GreatBritainandEnglandisthecapitalcityofScotiand.A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.CardiffA

4、mongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom,isthesmallest.A.EnglandB.ScotiandC.WalesD.NorthernIrelandTheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementofwordstoEnglish.A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGermanC.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreekTheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbytheinfluenee.A.NormanB.D

5、utchC.GermanD.DanishSamuelJohnsonsdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformof.A.grammarB.handwritingC.spellingD.pronunciationAtpresent,nearlyoftheworldspopulationcommunicateinEnglish.A.halfB.aquarterC.OnethirdD.onefifthIII.GivebriefanswerstothefollowingquestionsWhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?T

6、hefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandWhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmanwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?T

7、hedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath(黑死病)？ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.WStateyourunde

8、rstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.whoareBritishpeople?ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsofwelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherear

9、ealotsofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealth(共和國)countriesfromeverypartoftheworld,andtheBritishpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.WhatisStandardEnglish?StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofthesoutheasternEngland;itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools

10、.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IshasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforthecorrectBritishEnglish.Itisalsothenorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))carriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.Unit2Readthefollowi

11、ngstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T)ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribetheBritons.(T)TheAnglSaxonscametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.(T)(不考)Thechieforking

12、oftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F)TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance(T)TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)TheHundredYearsWarwasaseriesofwarsfoug

13、htbetweenEnglandandNormansfortradeandterritory.(F)inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions，QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)IIChoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatementsTheattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410.ANormanBD

14、anishCCelticDGermanicBythelate7thcentury,becamethedominantreligioninEngland.ACelticChristianityBAnglo-SaxonChristianityCGermanicChristianityDRomanChristianityWestminsterAbbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）wasbuiltatthetimeof.A.St.AugustineBEdwardtheConfessor（懺悔者愛德華）C.WilliamtheConquerorD.AlfredtheGreatThemarkedtheestabli

15、shmentoffeudalism（封建制度）inEngland.A.VikinginvasionB.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquestD.AdoptionofcommonlawTheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof.A.theHouseofValoisB.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudor（都鐸樓）D.theHouseofLancaster出身于族徽為紅玫瑰的蘭開斯特家族的亨利都鐸結(jié)束了玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭，登上了英國王位,稱亨利七世ThedirectcausefortheReligiousRe

16、formatonwasKingHenryVIIISeffortto.A.divorcehiswifeB.breakwithRomeC.supporttheProtestantsD.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurchTheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642between.A.ProtestantsandPuritansB.RoyalistsandParliamentariansC.noblesandpeasantsD.aristocratsandChristianswaspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution（

17、光榮革命）.A.BillofRightsB.ActofSupremacyC.ProvisionsofOxfordD.MagnaCartaTheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleofthecentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thBritainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningofthecentury.A.17thB.18thC.19thD20thGivebriefanswerstothefollowingq

18、uestions.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament?WhatweresomeofQueenVictoriasmajorachievements?WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWarI?WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarII?Answers:TheyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmo

19、steveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworldslandmass.TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpirean

20、dBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianEmpire,theBritishEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?T

21、heRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire?Answers:TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesinth

22、eclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.Theconflictbetweenthecapitalistsandtheproletariansbecamethemostimportantpoliticalissue.ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,Britainhadlongbeenanempirewhichi

23、ncludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworldslandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthe

24、directcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWarI,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritainscoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmp

25、ire.Unit4PoliticsandGovernmentofUKIReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalseConventions（黨代會(huì)）areregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernmentF2TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistoryF3Inreality，theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceof

26、allgovernmentpowersFBritishParliamentisthelaw-makingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations（英聯(lián)邦國家）.FLordsSpiritual（上議院神職議員）andLordsTemporal（上議院世俗議員）areallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse（上議院）.TThemembersintheHouseofCommons下議院）areappointedratherthanelectedF上議院是指派的，下議院是選舉的。7TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthe

27、majoritypartyinParliamentTCabinetmembers（內(nèi)閣閣員）arechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliamentFCabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfrommembersofthewinningpoliticalpartiesinParliament9Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,thecivillawandthecriminallawT10ThelegalsystemsinEngland，Wales，Sco

28、tlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpracticeFIIChoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements1TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionofthe.judiciary司法B.Legislature立法CmonarchyD.executive行政Theimpor

29、tanceoftheBritishmonarchy（君主政體）canbeseeninitseffecton.passingthebillsB.advisingthegovernmentCpoliticalpartiesDpublicattitudeAsarevisingchamber（審裁室），theHouseofLordsisexpectedtotheHouseofCommons.A.rivalB.complementC.criticizeD.inspect檢查BritishCabinetworksontheprincipleof.Acollectiveresponsibility（集體責(zé)任

30、）B.individualresponsibilityC.defendingthecollectivismD.defendingtheindividualsThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncil（樞密院）isto.A.makedecisionsB.giveadviceC.passbillsD.supervisetheCabinetInBritain,theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryyears.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.sixhasadistinetlegalsystembasedonRomanl

31、aw.A.WalesB.EnglandC.ScotlandD.NorthernIrelandGenerallyspeaking,theBritishParliamentoperatesonasystem.A.single-partyB.two-partyC.three-partyD.multi-partyThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatism實(shí)用主義and.A.governmentinterventionB.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreformD.abeliefi

32、nindividualismTheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatit.A.setuptheNationalHealthServiceB.improvedpublictransportationC.abolishedtheoldtaxsystemD.enhancedtheeconomicdevelopment皿.GivebriefanswerstothefollowingquestionsWhatarethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons?Therearethreemainfunctionsof

33、theHouseofCommons.Thefirstistodebateandvoteuponlegislationandthesecondistogivethechancefortheoppositiontoquestionwhatthegovernmentisdoingwithlegislation,thewayitconductsitself,etc.ThethirdfunctionisprivatemembersbusinesswhereMPsmaygetupandmakeaspeechintheHouseaboutanissueoreventthathe/shewouldliketo

34、drawattentionto.WhatkindofpublicimagedoesLiberalDemocrats（自由民主黨）haveinBritain?張老師的答案：LiberalDemocratswasfoundedinMarch,1988.Inpublicseyes,LiberalDemocratsadoptsmoreprogresspolicyontheissueofpublicservices,socialequityandenvironmentalprotectionetc.ItcontinuestomaintainthecooperationwithLaborParty,and

35、itisthirdpartyinUKwith100,000partymembers.TheLiberalDemocrats,oftenshortenedtoLibDems,areasocialliberalpoliticalpartyintheUnitedKingdom.Thepartywasformedin1988byamergeroftheLiberalPartyandtheSocialDemocraticParty.ThetwopartieshadformedtheelectoralSDP-LiberalAllianceforsevenyearsbeforethen.Thecurrent

36、leaderofthepartyisNickClegg.Atthe2010generalelection,57LibDemMPswereelected,makingthemthethird-largestpartyintheHouseofCommons,behindtheConservativePartywith307andtheLabourPartywith258.TheLiberalDemocratsformedacoalitiongovernmentwiththeConservativeParty,withNickCleggasDeputyPrimeMinisterandotherLib

37、eralDemocratsinthecabinet.Promotingsocialliberalism,theLiberalDemocratsvoicestrongsupportforconstitutionalandelectoralreform,andcivilliberties.ThepartypresidentsbookofofficeisJohnStuartMills1859OnLiberty,whichdefendedindividualrightswhileattackingthetyrannyofthemajorityandthedespotismofcustom.Thepar

38、tyobjectstostatelimitationsonindividualrightsandfavoursawelfarestatethatprovidesforthenecessitiesandamenitiesoflife.1213Theysupportmultilateralforeignpolicy,opposingBritishparticipationintheWarinIraqandsupportingthewithdrawaloftroopsfromthecountry.14TheLiberalDemocratsarethemostpro-EuropeanUnionofth

39、ethreemainpartiesintheUK.Thepartyhasstrongenvironmentalistvaluesfavouringrenewableenergyandcommitmentstodeepercutsingreenhousegasemissions.Sincetheirfoundation,LibDemshaveadvocatedelectoralreformtouseproportionalrepresentationinelectingtheHouseofCommons,alsohopingtoreplacetheHouseofLordswithanelecte

40、dchamber.Unit1GeographyandPeopleIReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalseTheeasternhighlandsformedbytheAppalachians（阿巴拉契亞山脈）holdonethirdofthecountryscontinentalterritoryF1/3-1/62TheclimateintheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperate，withsomemildsubtropical（亞熱帶的）andtropica

41、l（熱帶的）zones.T3NewYorkisthecommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStates，anditiscomposedoffiveboroughsincludingManhattan，Brooklyn，theBronx，StatenIslandandQueensT4.SanFrancisco（舊日金山）isthesecondlargestcityafterNewYorkandtheworldfamousHollywoodandDisneylandarelocatedhereF洛杉磯是第二大城市6HalfoftheUSpopulationl

42、ivesinthewesternmetropolitancentersF東部7TheBlacksbroughtfromAfricatoAmericausuallyworkedonplantationsorfarmsintheNorthF在美國南部8Duringthe1830sand1840s，manynorthernEuropeansandIrishimmigrantscametoAmericaT10BasicAmericanculturalvaluesarefreedom，equalityanddesiretoworkhardforahigherstandardoflivingTIIChoo

43、setheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.1TheUnitedStateshasstatesonthecontinentA50B49C48D352ThestateofisthelargestinareaofallthestatesAAlaskaBHawaiiCTexasDFlorida3TheUSliesinNorthAmerica，withCanadatothenorth，Mexicotothesouth，theAtlantic大西洋toitsandthePacific太平洋toits.Anorthern，east，westB

44、central，east，westCsouthern，west，eastDwestern，east，west4ThelargestriverintheUSis.AtheMissouriRiverBtheMississippiRiverCtheOhioRiverDtheColoradoRiver5SomeoftheworldfamousuniversitieslikeHarvard，YaleandMITarelocatedAintheSouthBalongthePacificCoastCinNewEngland新英格蘭DintheMidwest6islocatedontheUS.-Canadia

45、nborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntarioAYellowstoneNationalParkBTheGrandCanyonCNiagaraFalls尼亞加拉大瀑布DTheGreatSaltLake7ThenativeAlaskanpopulationincludesthefollowingexcepttheAIndiansBEskimosCAleutsDBlacks8ThelargestminorityintheUnitedStatesisthe.APacificIslandersBBlacksCNativeAmericansDAsiansIIIGivebriefa

46、nswerstothefollowingquestions1HowisthelifeoftheNativeAmericanstoday?About2.5millionNativeAmericansliveintheUSAtoday.ThebiggesttribesaretheCherokee,Chippewa,NavajoandSioux.AboutathirdoftheIndiansintheUSliveonreservations.Therestliveincitiesortowns.Indiancultureisstillpreservedonreservations.Here,Indi

47、anspracticeoldtraditions.However,theyareworriedthattheirtraditionswilldisappearbecausemoreandmoreIndiansarebeingintegratedintosociety.Today,NativeAmericansarebetteroffthantheywereatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.Theygetbettereducation;manygotohighschoolandsometocollege.ManyNativeAmericansworkaslawyers

48、,doctorsorhaveotherimportantjobs,likeworkingforgovernmentcompanies.Sometribesgetmoneyfromtourismorsellinghandicrafts.In1988thegovernmentallowedcasinosandothergamblingoperationsonreservations.Othertribesearnmoneyfromtaxesonoilorgasthatisproducedontheirland.Eventhoughlifehasimproved,NativeAmericanssti

49、llfacemanyproblemsintodaysAmerica.Unemploymentonreservationsisabout50%.TheincomeofanIndianfamilyismuchlowerthanthatofawhitefamily.MostIndiansarebadlypaidandareunskilledworkers.Suicideratesarealsohigherthaninotherplaces.SomeIndianstrytoreducetheirproblemsbydrinkingalcoholandtakingdrugs.Chapter6Litera

50、tureIReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalseTheCanterburyTales（坎特伯雷故事集）isarepresentativeworkoftheOldEnglishPeriodF中古英語的代表作Renaissanee（文藝復(fù)興）ischaracterizedbyadmirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicsT3Hamletdepictstheherosstrugglewithtwoopposingforces：moralintegrityandtheneedt

51、oavengehisfathersmurderT4.AlexanderPopewasagreatEnglishpoetwhoalsotranslatedHomersIliad（伊利亞特）.T5JonathanSwiftisprobablytheforemostprosesatiristintheEnglishlanguage，andRobinsonCrusoeishismasterpieceFbyDanielDefoe6WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgebroughttheRomanticMovementtoitsheightFtheyareKe

52、ats,Byron,Shelley.7LordByrondistinguishedhimselfbythemusicalqualityofhisshortpoems，suchas“OdetotheWestWindFbyShelley8JaneAustenwasawell-knownnovelistofthestreamofconsciousnessschoolFJosephConrad（康納德）isclassifiedasaforerunner（先驅(qū)）ofModernism,whichprevailedbeforeWorldWarIITV.S.Naipaul（奈保爾）detailedinhis

53、worksthedual（兩部分的）problemsoftheThirdWorld：theoppressionofcolonialismandthechaosofpostcolonialism（后殖民主義）.TChoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.ThemostsignificantachievementoftheEnglishRenaissaneeis.A.poetryBdramaC.novelD.pamphletisviewedasRomanticpoetrysDeclarationofindependence”

54、.A.“IWonderedLonelyasaCloud”B.DonJuanC.“PrefacetoLyricalBallads”D.PrometheusUnboundOfDickensnovels,isconsideredautobiographical（自傳的）.A.ATaleofTwoCitiesB.DavidCopperfieldC.OliverTwistD.GreatExpectationsisarepresentativeofEnglishCriticalRealismattheturnofthe19thcentury.A.RobertLouisStevensonB.JohnMilt

55、onC.JosephConradDThomasHard（托馬斯哈代）Ofthefollowingstatements,isNOTcorrectintermsofNeo-Romanticism（新浪漫主義）.Itprevailedattheendofthe19thcentury.Thewritersweredissatisfiedwiththesocialreality.Thewritersbelievedin“ArtforArtsSake”（藝術(shù)至上主義）.TreasureIslandwasarepresentativework.isNOTincludedinthemodernistgroup.A.OscarWild（奧斯卡王爾德）B.VirginiaWoolfC.WilliamButlerYe