高中英語 grammar 課件 新人教選修8

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Grammar名詞性從句2021/8/11 星期三2Noun Clausessubjective clause主語從句objective clause賓語從句predicative clause表語從句appositive clause同位語從句2021/8/11 星期三3 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句 、賓語從句和同位語從句。1. What it was to become was a mystery.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the

2、 bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句2021/8/11 星期三41、賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句詞有連詞that，if，whether；連接代詞who，whose，what，which；連接副詞when，where，how， why等。e.g. (1) I think (that) women can

3、reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?2021/8/11 星期三5總結(jié):2.注意點(diǎn)1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實(shí)際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if.

4、(2).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.2021/8/11 星期三64).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第一個that 可以省略,第二that不能省.He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.2021/8/11 星期三7e.

5、g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2、表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中起表語作用.引導(dǎo)賓語從句詞有連詞that，what, which, who, whom, whose等.除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語、表

6、語、定語，且各有各的詞義。2021/8/11 星期三82.注意點(diǎn)1). 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實(shí)際意義,但不能省略.3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason wh

7、y + 句子 be that + 從句.for +名詞今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂?錯誤2021/8/11 星期三9The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或 This / it /that/ is because + 從句等句型.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2021/8/11 星期三103、主語從句做主語用的名詞性從

8、句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語，又稱主語從句，引導(dǎo)主語從句的有連詞that ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart. What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 2021/8/11 星期三112.總結(jié):1).主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂 語在后.2).連接詞th

9、at在從句中無實(shí)際意義,起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略. When will he come is not known.錯誤When he will come is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.錯誤That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改變語序 2021/8/11 星期三123).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句 解釋為”是否”,但if

10、不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它們只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.5).為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/I

11、t seems that It happens that2021/8/11 星期三134、同位語從句同位語從句屬于名詞性從句，大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)，常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名詞后面。同位語從句一般用來解釋或說明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容，在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同為關(guān)系。 e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. Where did you get the idea

12、 that I could not come. The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.2021/8/11 星期三14注意1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2.that 在從句中只是起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何

13、成分.2021/8/11 星期三151.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年廣東省卷 )A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考鏈接【試析】這個句子是一個由and連接的并列句。And后是一個含有主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主語從句則是who it is that Im talking to.而在主語從句中，又有一個定語從句，修飾who. W

14、ho既是一個引導(dǎo)詞，也在it is中作表語.如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說who是 (talking) to的介詞賓語也可以。 2021/8/11 星期三162. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【試析】主語從句中缺少做主語的成分，故選C.2021/8/11 星期三173. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of

15、the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【試析】what 在此作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分.2021/8/11 星期三184.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the mon

16、key exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 【試析】這是一個賓語從句,wants后面缺少賓語,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句諺語,意思是永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東西。故答案為A。2021/8/11 星期三195.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel e

17、xcited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 【試析】這是由what 引導(dǎo)的一個表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為A。2021/8/11 星期三20一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouragin

18、g.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2021/8/11 星期三212、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。2021/8/11

19、星期三22二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2021/8/11 星期三232、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同

20、位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）2021/8/11 星期三24II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hop

21、e _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that2021/8/11 星期三25II. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday no

22、w proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which2021/8/11 星期三26

23、1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is

24、_ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell co