高中英語人教版選修7：Unit3SectionⅠ

1、Unit 3Under the sea海洋科學(xué)家通常把海洋分為五個 區(qū)域，你知道海豚.鯊魚、海龜?shù)饶?在哪個區(qū)域嗎？現(xiàn)在就訃我們一起走 進奇妙的曲底世界吧！Unit 3Under the sea海洋科學(xué)家通常把海洋分為五個 區(qū)域，你知道海豚.鯊魚、海龜?shù)饶?在哪個區(qū)域嗎？現(xiàn)在就訃我們一起走 進奇妙的曲底世界吧！The earths oceans can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres. That is deep enough to cover Mt. Qomolangma! The oceans arc incredibly （不能相信地）large a

2、nd contain several different habitats To make it easier to describe the various parts of theoceans, marine （海洋的）scientists usually divide the oceansintofive zones. Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone,

3、which begins at the surface and goes down about 200 metres. Because there is sunlight at this level, plants are able to grow.幵Marine animals such as dolphins, sharks, sea turtles and sea 啟 快 lions, and of course a variety of fish, live in the sunlit （陽光照射的） 樂 part of the ocean. It is difficult to hi

4、de from other animals in this areE）The second zone starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 之 L000 metres Some sunlight can reach this level, but it is not enoughfor 旅 plants to grow. Because this zone is relatively dark many of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body.

5、 The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.The third zone of the ocean is dark This place, about 3,000 metres deep, may not seem a likely habitat, but there arc more creatures here than one might think. Most of the animals that live here are black or red be

6、cause of the lack of light.Below 4,000 metres, the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all. In fact, the zone is so dark and empty that scientists named this zone after die Greek word for 4 no bottom . There is not much life to be found in this cold and unpleasant part of the ocean

7、, but some small creatures still manage to survive here despite the high water pressure The very deepest part of the ocean is found 2.000 metres further down. At this depth, thewater pressure is extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here. Compared to the other zon

8、es, this one has very little life. Since there is no light here, some of the animals do not have eyesNext time you look at the ocean from the beach or on a map, remember that what you are seeing is only the surface only the beginning of the large and varied adventureXSection, I zWarming Up & Reading

9、 Pre-reading點點釋疑把課文讀懂原文呈現(xiàn)讀文清障IOLD TOM THE KILLER WHALEI was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. I had heard ofOLD TOM THE KILLER WHALEI was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. I had heard ofJ the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales I t

10、hought, at the time, 血出驅(qū)but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation t I heard a loud noise coming from the bay We ran down to the shore in time * to see an enormous animal opposite 1 us throwing itself out ofG t

11、he water and then crashing2 down again. It was black and white and fish-shaped But I knew it wasnt a fish.“Thats Old Tom, the killer, ” one of the whalers, George, called out to me. Hes telling us there1 s a whale out there for us.Another whaler veiled out, aRush-oo rushoo” This was the call that an

12、nounced there was about to be a whale hunt.hear of 聽說(=hear about)關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句.修飾 the killerso that在定語從句中作主語。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句中帶有插入語時， 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。witness/ wltnls/m當(dāng)場見到：目擊目擊 者；證人：證據(jù)sort m整理，分類仏種類()accomniodation/a koma? delfn/n. 住所: 住宿as引導(dǎo)吋間狀語從句，主句是hear+賓 語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。shore/j3：/n.岸：海濱in time及時；遲早oppos

13、ite/ op9zIt/?/r/?.在對面；adj.相對的：相反的throw oneself out of 躍出crash v.猛撞，猛擊the killer 是 Old Tom 的同位語。call out離聲喊叫yell/jel/ei大叫；呼喊：叫聲：喊聲be about to do sth.即將做某事that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the call：其中 there was about to be 是 announced 的 賓語從句。虎鯨老湯姆第14段譯文clothes on Q 9I raced after him.clothes on Q 9I raced after him.油” “得了

14、吧”。ahead of在的前面as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。being kept waiting為動名詞短語的被動形 式，作like的賓語。 even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 have . on 穿著pause/pD：z/y/.&.暫停：中止head朝（菜方向）祈進 look down朝下看see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事現(xiàn)在分詞短語showing us在句中作伴隨 狀語。beat y.擊打：連續(xù)敲打 oar/:/:.槳；現(xiàn)在分詞短語circling back .在句中作狀 語。1902年6月，我開始在捕鯨站里工作，那時我16歲。在此之前我曾經(jīng)聽說過虎鯨每年 都幫助捕鯨人

15、捕捉大鯨。當(dāng)時我以為這只是個故事罷了，但是后來我親眼見過多次。有天下午我來到捕鯨站，正在整理住處的時候，聽到從海灣那邊傳來一聲巨響。我們及 時趕到岸邊，看到對面有一個龐大的動物猛力躍出水面，然后又墜落到水里。它黑白相間， 樣子像魚，但我知道它并不是魚?！澳鞘抢蠝?，是虎鯨?！?一位叫喬治的捕鯨人高蘆對我說，它是在告訴我們那邊有 一頭鯨，叫我們?nèi)ゲ东C?！绷硗庖晃徊逗救舜舐暫敖械溃骸翱熳甙∽甙??！边@是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的 呼聲。Come on川，Clancy. To the come on此處表示“快點”，還可表示加boat, ” George said as he ran ahead of

16、 me. I had already heard that Georgedidnt like being kept waiting, so even though I didnt have the rightWithout pausing we jumpedinto the boat with the other whalers andheaded out into the bay. I looked down into the water and could seeOld Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the wa、 A few minutes l

17、ater, there was no Tom, so George started beating O the water with his oar and there was Tom circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again-第56段譯文，“克蘭西，快來，上船去?！眴讨卧谖仪懊孢吪苓呎f。我以前就聽說 過，喬治不喜歡等人。所以盡管我還沒有穿上合適的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起來。，一刻不 停地，我們和其他捕鯨人都班進漁船，朝海灣方向駛?cè)ァＮ页锿?，可以看到老湯姆?在漁船旁邊游著，為我們指路。幾分鐘之后，湯姆不見了，于是喬治開

18、始用槳拍打水面。湯姆出現(xiàn)了，轉(zhuǎn)回到船邊，又領(lǐng)著我們前往捕獵處。Using a telescope Using a telescope we could see that something was happening As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of the whale soon died Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea The

19、men started turning the boat around to go hometelescope/ tellsloup/zi望遠鏡 see sth. being done看到某.物正在被做a pack of 一隊；一群teamwork/ ti:mw3：k/n協(xié)作：配合blow-hole n.（鯨的）鼻孔;（隧道的）通風(fēng)口dive/daIv/z?/.&；：.跳水（的動作）：潛水（的動 作）；俯沖flee/fli:/w.（fled, fled）逃避；逃跑（+to/from） Of 逃離現(xiàn)在分詞短語pointing towards在句中作 伴隨狀語。harpoon /haf pu:n/

20、n.（捕鯨用的）魚叉aim v瞄準，對準let. go放開;松開0現(xiàn)在分詞短語Being badly wounded在句 中作原因狀語。drag/draeg/w.拖：拉；扯swiftly adv.迅速地：快速地depth/dep6/n深（度）：深處-丁第萬二i 丁或諒文匸亦應(yīng)琵鼠義彳T亍攻著藥運瓦看暦浣爰巫亍廠楚更二著:廉親基 一頭鯨受到一群約六頭其他虎鯨的攻擊。，我問喬治：“它們在干什么呢？ ”，啊，它們在 協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)呢一那些虎鯨正在往那頭鯨的出氣孔上撲去，不讓它呼吸，而其他那些虎鯨則阻 止它潛水或逃到海里去?！眴讨我贿呏钢东C的情景，一邊告訴我。就在那時候，最精彩的 場面出現(xiàn)了。虎鯨們在我們

21、的漁船和那頭鯨之間開始追逐了，就像一群發(fā)狂的獵狗一樣。， 然后，獵簸叉準備好了。站在船頭的那個人把叉瞄準了那頭壕，扔了出去，恰好擊中了要害。 因為鯨受了重傷，沒過多久就死了。過了片刻，鯨的尸體就被虎鱸們迅速地拖到深海中去了。 捕鯨人于是調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)鋁頭往回去?！癢hats happened? “Whats happened? M I asked. “Have ! we lost the whale? ”“Oh no, ” Jack replied “We 11 return tomorrow to bring in the body. It won t float up to the surface

22、for around 24 hours. ” “ In the meantime , Old Tom, and the others are i having a good feed on its lips and tongue, ” added Red, Laughing Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters, they never harmed or attacked people In fact, they protected them. There was one dav when we were out

23、in the bay Quhlg衛(wèi).1)2奧.辿疋級!0丫35空型11辺皿型.也 boat0r“Man overboard ! Turn the boat around !” urged Georee shoutinsloudly bring in帶來：收獲 in the meantime在此期間：與此同時have a good feed 飽餐一頓lip/IIp/n. 一片嘴唇：（容器或洞的）邊， 口現(xiàn)在分詞laughing在句中作伴隨狀 語。fierce adj.兇惡的washoff沖走；洗掉when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾one day。 overboard f越過船舷進入水中turn . ar

24、ound 把轉(zhuǎn)過來urge/3：d5/w.催促：極力主張；驅(qū)我shouting loudly 作 urged 的伴隨狀語。第1114段譯文，“怎么啦？ ”我問道，“我們失去鯨了嗎？ ”，杰克回答說：“不， 我們明天再回來運鯨的尸體。它在24小時左右是不會浮出水面的。雷德笑著補充說：在 這段時間里，老湯姆和其他虎鯨會飽餐一頓的，鯨唇和鯨舌就是它們的美食?！?，雖然老湯 姆和其他虎鯨都是兇惡的獵手，但是它們從來不傷害人，也不襲擊人。事實上，它們還保護 人。有一天，我們出海捕鯨的時候，詹姆斯被沖下水去了。，喬治催促著，大聲喊道：“有 人落水了！把船頭調(diào)回去！”The sea was rough tha

25、t day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandonedQ by us. Then suddenly I saw a The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying

26、James further and further away from us. From James s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandonedQ by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark“Look, theres a shark out there ” Irough adj.狂晟的，洶涌的：粗糙的；粗暴 的terrified adj.感到恐怖的abandon/ basnden/放棄：遺棄：拋 棄shark/Ja:k/?.盜魚It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.是固

27、定screamed.“Dont worry, Old Tom won t let it near, ” Red replied.screamed.“Dont worry, Old Tom won t let it near, ” Red replied.It took over half an hour to iet the boat back tojanies, and when we approached him I saw James beingfirmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I couldif t believe my eyesThere

28、 were shouts of Well done, Old Tom and 八Thank God、as we pulled James back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale - - - - *i句型，意為“（菜人）花時間去做某事” oapproach vt. &oi接近，靠近方法：手段；嘗試i see sb. being done看到某人正在被hold up舉起；阻止well done（o）

29、干得好，干得不錯pullback把拉回來where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾地點名詞the !hunt （捕獵的地方）。第1519段譯文, 那天海上波濤洶涌，很難調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)船頭。海浪把詹姆斯沖得離我們 越來越遠。從詹姆斯的臉上，我能看出他非?？只?，生怕被我們遺棄。隨后我突然看到了一 條鯊魚。，我尖叫起來：瞧，那邊有一條鯊魚?！?，雷徳回答說：別著急，老湯姆不會讓 它靠近的?！?，我們花了半個多小時才把船調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)過頭來，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。當(dāng)我們靠 近他的時候，我看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地托著詹姆斯。我?guī)缀醪幌嘈抛约旱难劬?。，?dāng)我 們把詹姆斯拉上漁船的時候，大家都歡呼著老湯姆，好樣的”，“感謝上帝”。之后老湯 姆離開

30、了，回到捕獵的地方，跟其他虎鯨一起捕鯨去了。小題精i做把課文讀通Step 1Pre-readingHPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1.annualA. facing; on the other side of a specific areafrom sb./sth 2.witnessB stop for a short time before continuing3.oppositeC. run or hurry away4.pauseD try to persuade; strongly recommend; driveo

31、r force forward5.fleeE person who sees an event take place6.dragF distance from the top to the bottom of sth.7.depthG pull sb./sth. along with effort and difficulty8. urgeH happening ever)f year答案：1 5 HEABC 68 GFDLU Lead-in(I )Translate the following names of the living things under the sea.A. sea s

32、tar 海星shark8. urgeH happening ever)f year答案：1 5 HEABC 68 GFDLU Lead-in(I )Translate the following names of the living things under the sea.A. sea star 海星shark鯊魚dolphin 海Ewhale練魚sea lion 海獅G. coral 珊瑚sea anemone 海葵(II )Choose the correct name for each picture from above.答案：l.A 2.H 3.D 4.G 5.B 6.F 7.C

33、 8.EStep 2While-readingUFast-readingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1 Skim the text and choose the main idea of the first story.About a hunting experience of Old Tom.B About how the killer whales help the whalers to hunt a whale.C About how the whalers killed Old Tom.D About how the killer

34、 whales killed the whalers2 What* s the main idea of the second story?A. About how Old Tom protected and saved JamesB About how Old Tom killed a shark.C About how a shark attacked JamesD About how a shark killed Old Tom.答案：l.B 2.ARead the text and choose the best answers.1 Who first shouted that the

35、 killer was coming?The writer.B James.C. George.D Old Tom.Which of the following is TRUE?A. The killers sometimes harmed the whalersB Old Tom was 70 years old.C Old Tom never did favor for the whalers.D Old Tom and his friends were helpful to the whalers.Why did the killers throw their bodies on top

36、 of the whale* s blow-hole?A. To protect the whale.B To help the whale run away.C To stop the whale breathingD To tell other killers to come closer.Who killed the whale at last?A. Old Tom.B The killer whalesC. The author.D The whalers.5 From the text, we can conclude that.A. the whalers necdif t tra

37、in the killer whalesthe whalers may train the killer whalesC the killer whales lived on other whalesD the author worked in the whale station for a long time 答案：15 CDCDBBDstudv-readinAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text1. It was a time when the killer whales, or killers as they were

38、then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.句式分析Il was a t ime when dw killer vhalz 定語從句or killers as they wort1 then c;dled. 、_h定語從句heliMui the whalers catch ihc bnlecnwhales tlut were on their amuial migration. J定語從句嘗試翻譯那個時期，虎鯨當(dāng)時被稱為“殺手二幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時捕

39、捉須鯨。2 On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay句式分析as I was sorting out my accommodation為as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句：coming from the bay為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語。嘗試翻譯有天下午我來到捕穌站，正在整理住處的時候，聽到從海灣那邊傳來一聲 巨響。3 This was the call that announced there was

40、about to be a whale hunt.句式分析This was the call 主干句 that引導(dǎo)老語從句?that announced賓語從句fthere was . a whale hunt.嘗試翻譯這是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的呼聲 4.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him. I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.句式分析該句中and連接兩個并列分句。第一個分句為“l(fā)H

41、akcs/took+段時間+ to do sth.”句型；第二個分句中when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句對應(yīng)的主句中含有“scc+ 賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞-ing的被動式作賓補。嘗試翻譯我們花了半個多小時才耙船調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)過頭來，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。當(dāng)我們 靠近他的時候，我看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地托著詹姆斯。課時跟蹤檢測I 閱讀理解AEars are for hearing everyone knows that. But for acreature called the Cuvier* s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat, a new study

42、foundThe observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar ) This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.The Cuviers beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale Toothed

43、whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to die whales. This allows the animals to s已e、the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they，re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.To better unders

44、tand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier1 s beaked whales The whales had died and washed up on the beach.Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuviers beaked whale* s head Then, they modeled

45、the process of sound traveling through the head.The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called the window for sound Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very dim on the outside and has a large pad （墊）of fat on the insideWhen the researchers u

46、sed their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale* s head. they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animaf s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally t

47、o the pad of fat near the animal1 s ears語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文，解釋了柯氏喙編是如何聽見聲音的。1 Toothed whalesto search for what they will eat under the seaA. measure the shape and size of their objectsB watch deep into the seaask other whales to work togetherD give out signals and wait for them to return解析：選D 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句

48、可知柯氏喙鯨是通過發(fā)出信號，并等待信號 返回來尋找倉物。2 Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier1 s beaked whales in order to.A. find out why they had died and washed up on the beachB make a computer model of a Cuvier* s beaked whale* s headC make sure that sound travels through the headD know more about the way the whale hears

49、解析：選D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知研究者拍X光片的目的是為了更好 地研究柯氏喙紡的聽力特點。3 Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier1 s beaked whale?A. A hole in the back of the jaw-* the carsthe jawthe throat.B The jaw-*the throat-*a hole in the back of the jawthe earsC The throat-* the jaw-*the ear

50、s-*a hole in the back of the jaw.D The ears-*the throat-*a hole in the back of the jaw-*the jaw.解析：選B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)罠后一段可知柯氏喙穌聽力的過程為B。4 According to the passage, we know that.A. the throat is important to the Cuvier* s beaked whale* s hearing B ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier，s beaked whaleC the

51、ears are actually useless to the Cuviers beaked whaleD the researchers haven* t found how the whales hear解析：選A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可推斷喉嚨對柯氏喙絳聽力很重要，故選 AoBFor years, the giant squid （大王烏賊）had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean the creature is difficult for scientists to observ

52、e directly.1（ had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: for the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tok

53、yo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public later this month on The Discovery Channel.Tsunemi Kubodera, a zoologist at Japan? s National Museum o

54、f Nature and Science, led the team that filmed the squid. The team went into the ocean in a small submarine with lights invisible to both humans and squid. Since giant squid eat smaller squid the scientists released a small squid as bait （誘餌）.Then the scientists waited in the pitch black for the gia

55、nt squid to approachThe color video shows the creature floating vertically, eating the bait squid. The giant squid is 9 to 10 feet long and is missing its two longest tentacles （觸須）.With those tentacles, it could have measured up to 26 feet long. Il has huge black eyes, the size of dinner plates “It

56、 was shining and so bcautifuL ” Kubodera said.Because the deep ocean is so unfriendly to humans, little is known about the giant squid. Scientists say catching the mysterious creature on video is an important step toward understanding it. For centuries, sailors had reported seeing a huge occandwclli

57、ng beast, thought to be the giant squid. The creature is also believed to be the subject of the Nordic myth of the kraken, a sea creature that supposedly attacked ships in Scandinavian waters over the past thousands of years韋爲(wèi)褲換應(yīng)忑二i祁暮玉花臥百應(yīng)王奈石親莓：滅石滾疵菇焉卻 長期以來人們對它知之甚少。最近科學(xué)家在深海拍攝到了這種神秘的生物，有望揭開其神秘 的面紗。Wh

58、y is it difficult to film the giant squid?A. Because it is illegal to film the giant squidB Because it is too expensive to make such a film.C Because the giant squid lives in the dark deep ocean.D Because the giant squid is dangerous to humans.解析：選C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Living in the dark depths of the ocea

59、n, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly.可知，因為大王烏賊生活在大洋深處，所 以人們很難拍攝到它。We can learn from the first paragraph that scientists.first saw the giant squid in the oceandiscovered a new sea creature in the oceanC have the ocean bottom secretly recorded on videoD have first caught the

60、 legendary giant squid on video解析：選D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，科學(xué)家在北太平洋下到深度為2 952 英尺的地方第一次拍攝了一段23分鐘長的有關(guān)大王烏賊的視頻。因此D項正確。According to the passage, the giant squids longest tentacles can beA. 16 to 17 feet longB 9 to 10 feet longC more than 26 feel longD about 36 feet long解析：選A 細節(jié)埋解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，這只大王烏賊有9到10英尺長，算 上它